1
|
Avitabile CM, Krishnan US, Yung D, Handler SS, Varghese N, Bates A, Fineman J, Sullivan R, Friere G, Austin E, Mullen MP, Pereira C, Christensen EJ, Yenokyan G, Collaco JM, Abman SH, Romer L, Dunbar Ivy D, Rosenzweig EB. Actigraphy methodology in the Kids Mod PAH trial: Physical activity as a functional endpoint in pediatric clinical trials. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12339. [PMID: 38464344 PMCID: PMC10923039 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vasodilator treatment can improve hemodynamics, right ventricular function, symptoms, and survival in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, clinical trial data are lacking due to many constraints. One major limitation is the lack of relevant trial endpoints reflective of hemodynamics or functional status in patients in whom standard exercise testing is impractical, unreliable, or not reproducible. The Kids Mod PAH trial (Mono- vs. Duo Therapy for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) is an ongoing multicenter, Phase III, randomized, open-label, pragmatic trial to compare the safety and efficacy of first-line combination therapy (sildenafil and bosentan) to first-line monotherapy (sildenafil alone) in 100 pediatric patients with PH across North America. Investigators will measure participants' physical activity with a research-grade, wrist-worn actigraphy device at multiple time points as an exploratory secondary outcome. Vector magnitude counts per minute and activity intensity will be compared between the treatment arms. By directly and noninvasively measuring physical activity in the ambulatory setting, we aim to identify a novel, simple, inexpensive, and highly reproducible approach for quantitative assessment of exercise tolerance in pediatric PH. These data will increase the field's understanding of the effect of pulmonary vasodilator treatment on daily activity - a quantitative measure of functional status and wellbeing in pediatric PH and a potential primary outcome for future clinical trials in children with cardiopulmonary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Avitabile
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Usha S. Krishnan
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY Presbyterian, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Delphine Yung
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Nidhy Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Angela Bates
- Division of Cardiology, Department of PediatricsStollery Children's Hospital and University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Jeff Fineman
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's HospitalVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Grace Friere
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins All Children's HospitalSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's HospitalVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Mary P. Mullen
- Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carol Pereira
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Eric J. Christensen
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Joseph M. Collaco
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lew Romer
- Depertment of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Erika B. Rosenzweig
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY Presbyterian, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santana-Ros T, Micheli M, Faggioli L, Cennamo R, Devogèle M, Alvarez-Candal A, Oszkiewicz D, Ramírez O, Liu PY, Benavidez PG, Campo Bagatin A, Christensen EJ, Wainscoat RJ, Weryk R, Fraga L, Briceño C, Conversi L. Orbital stability analysis and photometric characterization of the second Earth Trojan asteroid 2020 XL 5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:447. [PMID: 35105878 PMCID: PMC8807697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Trojan asteroids are small bodies orbiting around the L4 or L5 Lagrangian points of a Sun-planet system. Due to their peculiar orbits, they provide key constraints to the Solar System evolution models. Despite numerous dedicated observational efforts in the last decade, asteroid 2010 TK7 has been the only known Earth Trojan thus far. Here we confirm that the recently discovered 2020 XL5 is the second transient Earth Trojan known. To study its orbit, we used archival data from 2012 to 2019 and observed the object in 2021 from three ground-based observatories. Our study of its orbital stability shows that 2020 XL5 will remain in L4 for at least 4 000 years. With a photometric analysis we estimate its absolute magnitude to be [Formula: see text], and color indices suggestive of a C-complex taxonomy. Assuming an albedo of 0.06 ± 0.03, we obtain a diameter of 1.18 ± 0.08 km, larger than the first known Earth Trojan asteroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Santana-Ros
- Departamento de Fisica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain. .,Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Carrer de Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Micheli
- ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - L Faggioli
- ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - R Cennamo
- ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Devogèle
- Arecibo Observatory, University of Central Florida, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR, 00612, USA
| | - A Alvarez-Candal
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Apartado 3004, 18080, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03080, Alicante, Spain.,Observatório Nacional / MCTIC, R. Gen. José Cristino, 77, Rio de Janeiro, 20921-400, Brazil
| | - D Oszkiewicz
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland
| | - O Ramírez
- Solenix Deutschland GmbH, Spreestraße 3, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P-Y Liu
- Instituto de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - P G Benavidez
- Departamento de Fisica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Campo Bagatin
- Departamento de Fisica, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - E J Christensen
- The University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - R J Wainscoat
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - R Weryk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - L Fraga
- Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica LNA/MCTIC, R. dos Estados Unidos, 154, Itajubá, 37504-364, Brazil
| | - C Briceño
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - L Conversi
- ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Italy.,ESA ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jenniskens P, Gabadirwe M, Yin QZ, Proyer A, Moses O, Kohout T, Franchi F, Gibson RL, Kowalski R, Christensen EJ, Gibbs AR, Heinze A, Denneau L, Farnocchia D, Chodas PW, Gray W, Micheli M, Moskovitz N, Onken CA, Wolf C, Devillepoix HAR, Ye Q, Robertson DK, Brown P, Lyytinen E, Moilanen J, Albers J, Cooper T, Assink J, Evers L, Lahtinen P, Seitshiro L, Laubenstein M, Wantlo N, Moleje P, Maritinkole J, Suhonen H, Zolensky ME, Ashwal L, Hiroi T, Sears DW, Sehlke A, Maturilli A, Sanborn ME, Huyskens MH, Dey S, Ziegler K, Busemann H, Riebe MEI, Meier MMM, Welten KC, Caffee MW, Zhou Q, Li QL, Li XH, Liu Y, Tang GQ, McLain HL, Dworkin JP, Glavin DP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Sabbah H, Joblin C, Granvik M, Mosarwa B, Botepe K. The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA. Meteorit Planet Sci 2021; 56:844-893. [PMID: 34295141 PMCID: PMC7611328 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The June 2, 2018, impact of asteroid 2018 LA over Botswana is only the second asteroid detected in space prior to impacting over land. Here, we report on the successful recovery of meteorites. Additional astrometric data refine the approach orbit and define the spin period and shape of the asteroid. Video observations of the fireball constrain the asteroid's position in its orbit and were used to triangulate the location of the fireball's main flare over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. 23 meteorites were recovered. A consortium study of eight of these classifies Motopi Pan as a HED polymict breccia derived from howardite, cumulate and basaltic eucrite, and diogenite lithologies. Before impact, 2018 LA was a solid rock of ~156 cm diameter with high bulk density ~2.85 g/cm3, a relatively low albedo pv ~ 0.25, no significant opposition effect on the asteroid brightness, and an impact kinetic energy of ~0.2 kt. The orbit of 2018 LA is consistent with an origin at Vesta (or its Vestoids) and delivery into an Earth-impacting orbit via the v6 resonance. The impact that ejected 2018 LA in an orbit towards Earth occurred 22.8 ± 3.8 Ma ago. Zircons record a concordant U-Pb age of 4563 ± 11 Ma and a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age of 4563 ± 6 Ma. A much younger Pb-Pb phosphate resetting age of 4234 ± 41 Ma was found. From this impact chronology, we discuss what is the possible source crater of Motopi Pan and the age of Vesta's Veneneia impact basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenniskens
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Mohutsiwa Gabadirwe
- Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana
| | - Qing-Zhu Yin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Proyer
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Oliver Moses
- University of Botswana, Okavango Research Institute, Private Bag 285, Maun, Botswana
| | - Tomas Kohout
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Ursa Finnish Fireball Network, Kopernikuksentie 1, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fulvio Franchi
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Roger L. Gibson
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Richard Kowalski
- Catalina Sky Survey, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Eric J. Christensen
- Catalina Sky Survey, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alex R. Gibbs
- Catalina Sky Survey, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Aren Heinze
- ATLAS, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA
| | - Larry Denneau
- ATLAS, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA
| | - Davide Farnocchia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Paul W. Chodas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - William Gray
- Project Pluto, 168 Ridge Road, Bowdoinham, ME 04008, USA
| | - Marco Micheli
- ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - Nick Moskovitz
- Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Christopher A. Onken
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2611, Australia
| | - Christian Wolf
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2611, Australia
| | | | - Quanzhi Ye
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Darrel K. Robertson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Asteroid Threat Assessment Project, Mail Stop 239-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Peter Brown
- Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Esko Lyytinen
- Ursa Finnish Fireball Network, Kopernikuksentie 1, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Moilanen
- Ursa Finnish Fireball Network, Kopernikuksentie 1, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jim Albers
- SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Tim Cooper
- Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, Suite 617, Private Bag X043, Benoni 1500, South Africa
| | - Jelle Assink
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, R&D Seismology and Acoustics, P. O. Box 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Läslo Evers
- Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, R&D Seismology and Acoustics, P. O. Box 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Geoscience and Engineering, P. O. Box 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Panu Lahtinen
- Ursa Finnish Fireball Network, Kopernikuksentie 1, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lesedi Seitshiro
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Matthias Laubenstein
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Via G. Acitelli 22, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - Nggie Wantlo
- Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana
| | - Phemo Moleje
- Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana
| | - Joseph Maritinkole
- Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana
| | - Heikki Suhonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lewis Ashwal
- School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Takahiro Hiroi
- Brown University, Reflectance Experiment Laboratory, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Derek W. Sears
- NASA Ames Research Center / Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Alexander Sehlke
- NASA Ames Research Center / Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Alessandro Maturilli
- Institute for Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center DLR, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin-Adlershof, Germany
| | - Matthew E. Sanborn
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Magdalena H. Huyskens
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Supratim Dey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen Ziegler
- University of New Mexico, Institute of Meteoritics, 221 Yale Blvd NE, 331 Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Henner Busemann
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - My E. I. Riebe
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. M. Meier
- Naturmuseum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, CH-9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kees C. Welten
- University of California Berkeley, Space Science Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marc W. Caffee
- Purdue University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiu-Li Li
- National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hannah L. McLain
- Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, 620 Michigan Ave, N.E., Washington, DC 20064, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Jason P. Dworkin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Daniel P. Glavin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Analytical Food Chemistry, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hassan Sabbah
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse (UPS), F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Mikael Granvik
- University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, Onboard Space Systems, Lulea University of Technology, Box 848, S-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Babutsi Mosarwa
- Botswana National Museum, 161 Queens Rd., Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Koketso Botepe
- Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chrencik MT, Prior SJ, Christensen EJ, Kundi R, Ryan AS, Addison O, Lal BK. An “Exercise Stress Test” for Lower Extremity Perfusion: Contrast-Enhanced Duplex Ultrasound Assessment of Exercise-Induced Microvascular Perfusion in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Hergenrother CW, Maleszewski CK, Nolan MC, Li JY, Drouet d'Aubigny CY, Shelly FC, Howell ES, Kareta TR, Izawa MRM, Barucci MA, Bierhaus EB, Campins H, Chesley SR, Clark BE, Christensen EJ, DellaGiustina DN, Fornasier S, Golish DR, Hartzell CM, Rizk B, Scheeres DJ, Smith PH, Zou XD, Lauretta DS. The operational environment and rotational acceleration of asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx observations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1291. [PMID: 30890725 PMCID: PMC6425024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During its approach to asteroid (101955) Bennu, NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft surveyed Bennu's immediate environment, photometric properties, and rotation state. Discovery of a dusty environment, a natural satellite, or unexpected asteroid characteristics would have had consequences for the mission's safety and observation strategy. Here we show that spacecraft observations during this period were highly sensitive to satellites (sub-meter scale) but reveal none, although later navigational images indicate that further investigation is needed. We constrain average dust production in September 2018 from Bennu's surface to an upper limit of 150 g s-1 averaged over 34 min. Bennu's disk-integrated photometric phase function validates measurements from the pre-encounter astronomical campaign. We demonstrate that Bennu's rotation rate is accelerating continuously at 3.63 ± 0.52 × 10-6 degrees day-2, likely due to the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect, with evolutionary implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Hergenrother
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - C K Maleszewski
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M C Nolan
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J-Y Li
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - F C Shelly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E S Howell
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T R Kareta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M R M Izawa
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University-Misasa, Misasa, Tottori, Japan
| | - M A Barucci
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Meudon, France
| | | | - H Campins
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - S R Chesley
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - B E Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E J Christensen
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D N DellaGiustina
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Fornasier
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Meudon, France
| | - D R Golish
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C M Hartzell
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - B Rizk
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D J Scheeres
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P H Smith
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - X-D Zou
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Christensen EJ, Puri S, Chin LMK, Woolstenhulme JG, Drinkard B, Chan L, Keyser RE. Heart Rate Recovery Following Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478584.10389.3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Keyser RE, Christensen EJ, Chin LMK, Woolstenhulme JG, Drinkard B, Quinn A, Connors G, Weir NA, Nathan SD, Chan LE. Changes in fatigability following intense aerobic exercise training in patients with interstitial lung disease. Respir Med 2015; 109:517-25. [PMID: 25698651 PMCID: PMC6388636 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if, in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), fatigue might be lessened after vigorous aerobic exercise. METHODS 13 physically inactive patients (5 men and 8 women; age 57.2 ± 9.1 years, BMI 28.2 ± 4.6 kgm(-2)) with ILD of heterogeneous etiology and able to walk on a motor driven treadmill without physical limitation were enrolled. Subjects underwent cardiopulmonary exercise (CPET) and 6-min walk (6MWT) tests and completed Fatigue Severity Scale and Human Activity Profile questionnaires before and after an aerobic exercise-training regimen. The training regimen required participation in at least 24 of 30 prescribed aerobic exercise training sessions at a target heart rate of 70-80% of the heart rate reserve, 30 min per session, 3 times per week for 10 weeks. RESULTS After training, a 55% (p < 0.001) increase in time to anaerobic threshold on the CPET, and an 11% (p = 0.045) reduction in performance fatigability index (PFI), calculated from the performance on the 6MWT were observed. Distance walked on the 6MWT (6MWD) increased by 49.7 ± 46.9 m (p = 0.002). Significant improvements in scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale (p = 0.046) and Human Activity Profile (AAS p = 0.024; MAS p = 0.029) were also observed. No adverse events related to the training regimen were noted. CONCLUSION After training, the decrease in fatigability appeared to result in increased 6MWD and was associated with physical activity. Since significant declines in 6MWD may be a marker for impending mortality in ILD, a better understanding of the etiological state of fatigue in patients with ILD and its reversal might provide fundamental insight into disease progression and even survival. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00678821].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall E Keyser
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Eric J Christensen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa M K Chin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua G Woolstenhulme
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Drinkard
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne Quinn
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerilynn Connors
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Inova Farifax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
| | - Nargues A Weir
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
| | - Leighton E Chan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Christensen EJ, Chan L, Keyser RE. Six-Minute Walk Distance and Fatigability in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495086.55456.ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
Tolson RH, Duxbury TC, Born GH, Christensen EJ, Diehl RE, Farless D, Hildebrand CE, Mitchell RT, Molko PM, Morabito LA, Palluconi FD, Reichert RJ, Taraji H, Veverka J, Neugebauer G, Findlay JT. Viking First Encounter of Phobos: Preliminary Results. Science 1978; 199:61-4. [PMID: 17841954 DOI: 10.1126/science.199.4324.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During the last 2 weeks of February 1977, an intensive scientific investigation of the martian satellite Phobos was conducted by the Viking Orbiter-1 (VO-1) spacecraft. More than 125 television pictures were obtained during this period and infrared observations were made. About 80 percent of the illuminated hemisphere was imaged at a resolution of about 30 meters. Higher resolution images of limited areas were also obtained. Flyby distances within 80 kilometers of the surface were achieved. An estimate of the mass of Phobos (GM) was obtained by observing the effect of Phobos's gravity on the orbit of VO-1 as sensed by Earth-based radiometric tracking. Preliminary results indicate a value of GM of 0.00066 +/- 0.00012 cubic kilometer per second squared (standard deviation of 3) and a mean density of about 1.9 +/- 0.6 gram per cubic centimeter (standard deviation of 3). This low density, together with the low albedo and the recently determined spectral reflectance, suggest that Phobos is compositionally similar to type I carbonaceous chondrites. Thus, either this object formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt or Lewis's theory that such material cannot condense at 1.5 astronomical units is incorrect. The data on Phobos obtained during this first encounter period are comparable in quantity to all of the data on Mars returned by Mariner flights 4, 6, and 7.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lorell J, Born GH, Christensen EJ, Jordan JF, Laing PA, Martin WL, Sjogren WL, Shapiro II, Reasenberg RD, Slater GL. Mariner 9 Celestial Mechanics Experiment: Gravity Field and Pole Direction of Mars. Science 1972; 175:317-20. [PMID: 17814540 DOI: 10.1126/science.175.4019.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the Mariner 9 radio-tracking data shows that the Martian gravity field is rougher than that of Earth or the moon, and that the accepted direction of Mars's rotation axis is in error by about 0.5 degrees . The new value for the pole direction for the epoch 1971.9, referred to the mean equatorial system of 1950.0, is right ascension alpha= 317.3 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees , declination delta = 52.6 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees . The values found for the coefficients of the low-order harmonics of Mars's gravity field are as follows: J(2)=(1.96+/-0.01)x10(-3), referred to an equatorial radius of 3394 kilometers; C(22) = -(5 +/- 1) x 10(-5); and S(22) = (3 +/- 1) x 10(-5). The value for J(2) is in excellent agreement with the result from, Wilkins' analysis of the observations of Phobos. The other two coefficients imply a value of (2.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-4) for the fractional difference in the principal equatorial moments of inertia; the axis of the minimum moment passes near 105 degrees W.
Collapse
|