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Cerino ES, Charles ST, Piazza JR, Rush J, Looper AM, Witzel DD, Mogle J, Almeida DM. Preserving What Matters: Longitudinal Changes in Control Over Interpersonal Stress and Noninterpersonal Stress in Daily Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae012. [PMID: 38334405 PMCID: PMC10939453 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Theoretical perspectives on aging suggest that when people experience declines in later life, they often selectively focus on maintaining aspects of their lives that are most meaningful and important to them. The social domain is one of these selected areas. The current study examines people's reports of control over their daily stressors over 10 years, predicting that the declines in control that are often observed in later life will not be observed for stressors involving interpersonal conflict and tensions with social partners. METHODS Adults ranging from 35 to 86 years old at baseline (N = 1,940), from the National Study of Daily Experiences, reported control over interpersonal and noninterpersonal daily stressors across 8 consecutive days at 2 time points, about 10 years apart. RESULTS Findings from multilevel models indicate that for noninterpersonal stressors, perceived control decreased over time. In contrast, perceived control over interpersonal conflicts and tensions remained robust over time. No cross-sectional baseline age differences were found for levels of interpersonal and noninterpersonal stressor control. DISCUSSION Results are consistent with socioemotional selectivity and underscore the importance of interpersonal relationships in later adulthood. Understanding how people select and preserve certain aspects of control in their daily life can help guide efforts toward maximizing gains and minimizing losses in domains that matter most to people as they grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jennifer R Piazza
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Rush
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley M Looper
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Dakota D Witzel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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McCarthy MJ, Wicker A, Roddy J, Remiker M, Roy I, McCoy M, Cerino ES, Baldwin J. Feasibility and utility of mobile health interventions for depression and anxiety in rural populations: A scoping review. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100724. [PMID: 38352194 PMCID: PMC10863305 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2024.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of mobile health (mHealth) to address high rates of depression and anxiety in underserved rural communities, most mHealth interventions do not explicitly consider the realities of rural life. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and examine the available literature on mHealth interventions that consider the needs of rural populations in order to gauge their feasibility and utility for addressing depression and anxiety. Additionally, we provide an overview of rural users' perceptions about and preferences for mHealth-delivered mental health screening and intervention systems. Out of 169 articles identified, 16 met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted across a wide range of countries, age groups, and rural subpopulations including individuals with bipolar disorder, anxiety, perinatal depression, PTSD, and chronic pain, as well as refugees, veterans, and transgender and LGBTQ+ individuals. All interventions were in the feasibility/acceptability testing stage for rural users. Identified strengths included their simplicity, accessibility, convenience, availability of support between sessions with providers, and remote access to a care team. Weaknesses included problems with charging phone batteries and exceeding data limits, privacy concerns, and general lack of comfort with app-based support. Based upon this review, we provide recommendations for future mHealth intervention development including the value of developer-user coproduction methods, the need to consider user variation in access to and comfort with smartphones, and potential data or connectivity limitations, mental health stigma, and confidentiality concerns in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McCarthy
- Department of Social Work, Northern Arizona University, 19 W McConnell Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Wicker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1100 S Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Juliette Roddy
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Northern Arizona University, 5 E McConnell Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Mark Remiker
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, 1395 Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Indrakshi Roy
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, 1395 Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Megan McCoy
- Department of Social Work, Northern Arizona University, 19 W McConnell Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1100 S Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
| | - Julie Baldwin
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, 1395 Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States of America
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Cerino ES, Charles ST, Mogle J, Rush J, Piazza JR, Klepacz LM, Lachman ME, Almeida DM. Perceived control across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal changes in global control and daily stressor control. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:45-58. [PMID: 37917487 PMCID: PMC10840893 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Perceived control is an important psychosocial resource for health and well-being across the lifespan. Global control (i.e., overall perceived control) decreases over time in studies following people every few years to upwards of 10 years. Changes across wider intervals of the lifespan, however, have yet to be examined. Further, how perceived control changes for specific aspects of daily life, such as stressors, remains comparatively less clear. Using data from the Midlife in the United States National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE, N = 1,940, M = 56.25 years, SD = 12.20, 57% female), we examined longitudinal changes in global control across 20 years and daily stressor control across 10 years. Global control was assessed in the first wave of the NSDE (∼1996). In follow-up waves, conducted in ∼2008 and ∼2017, participants again not only reported their global control but also reported their perceived control over stressors they experience across 8 consecutive days. Longitudinal analyses revealed differential change trajectories for global control across 20 years and stressor control across 10 years (ps < .001). Global control declined for younger and older adults but stayed relatively stable for individuals in midlife. The rate of decline in daily stressor control was steeper than the decline in global control and did not vary by age at baseline. In addition, declines were amplified among individuals with higher global control at baseline. Results suggest that daily stressor control is a specific aspect of control beliefs that follows a different rate of change than global control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
| | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | | | | | | | - Laura M Klepacz
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
| | | | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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Charles ST, Rush J, Piazza JR, Cerino ES, Mogle J, Almeida DM. Growing old and being old: Emotional well-being across adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol 2023:2023-48789-001. [PMID: 36848104 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines change in reports of daily, weekly, and monthly psychological distress over 20 years, and of negative and positive affect over 10 years, using data from the Midlife in the United States study. The study includes three waves of data collection on adults ranging from 22 to 95 years old. Cross-sectional findings reveal that older age is related to lower levels of psychological distress and negative affect and to higher levels of positive affect across each successive age group. Yet, longitudinal findings vary across younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Psychological distress decreases over time among younger adults (although only until age 33 for weekly reports), remains stable in midlife, and is stable (monthly) or slightly increases (daily and weekly) among older adults. For negative affect, levels decrease over time for younger and middle-aged adults, and only increase for the oldest adults for daily and monthly affect. Positive affect is stable over time among younger adults, but decreases in midlife starting in the mid-fifties. In conclusion, overall patterns of findings suggest that being old (assessed cross-sectionally) is related to higher levels of emotional well-being. Growing old (assessed longitudinally) is related to improvements in emotional well-being across younger and early middle adulthood, which mirrors cross-sectional findings. There is relative stability in later midlife, however, and continued stability or slight declines across older age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Mavragani A, Roque NA, Gerver CR, Cerino ES. Ultra-brief Assessment of Working Memory Capacity: Ambulatory Assessment Study Using Smartphones. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e40188. [PMID: 36705953 PMCID: PMC9919550 DOI: 10.2196/40188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of mobile technology with substantial computing power (ie, smartphones) has enabled the adaptation of performance-based cognitive assessments to remote administration and novel intensive longitudinal study designs (eg, measurement burst designs). Although an "ambulatory" cognitive assessment paradigm may provide new research opportunities, the adaptation of conventional measures to a mobile format conducive to intensive repeated measurement involves balancing measurement precision, administration time, and procedural consistency. OBJECTIVE Across 3 studies, we adapted "complex span" tests of working memory capacity (WMC) for ultra-brief, smartphone-based administration and examined their reliability, sufficiency, and associations with full-length, laboratory-based computerized administrations. METHODS In a laboratory-based setting, study 1 examined associations between ultra-brief smartphone adaptations of the operation span, symmetry span, and rotation span tasks and full-length computerized versions. In study 2, we conducted a 4-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study (4 assessments per day), where we examined the reliability of ultra-brief, ambulatory administrations of each task. In study 3, we conducted a 7-day EMA study (5 assessments per day) involving the ultra-brief rotation span task, where we examined reliability in the absence of extensive onboarding and training. RESULTS Measurement models in study 1 suggest that comparable estimates of latent WMC can be recovered from ultra-brief complex span task performance on smartphones. Significant correlations between the ultra-brief tasks and respective full-length versions were observed in study 1 and 2, ranging from r=0.4 to r=0.57. Results of study 2 and study 3 suggest that reliable between-person estimates of operation span, symmetry span, rotation span, and latent WMC can be obtained in 2-3 ultra-brief administrations (equivalent to <1 day of testing in an EMA study design). The results of study 3 replicated our findings, showing that reliable between-person estimates of rotation span may be obtained in as few as 2 ultra-brief administrations in the absence of extensive onboarding and training. In addition, the modification of task parameterization for study 3 improved the estimates of reliability of within-person change. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-brief administration of complex span tasks on smartphones in a measurement burst design can generate highly reliable cross-sectional estimates of WMC. Considerations for future mobile cognitive assessment designs and parameterizations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson A Roque
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Courtney R Gerver
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Eric S Cerino
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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Cerino ES, Schneider S, Stone AA, Sliwinski MJ, Mogle J, Smyth JM. Little evidence for consistent initial elevation bias in self-reported momentary affect: A coordinated analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies. Psychol Assess 2022; 34:467-482. [PMID: 35175074 PMCID: PMC9038639 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Response bias characterized by decreases in self-reported subjective states when measured repeatedly over short time-frames is a potential concern in social science. Recent work suggests that this initial elevation bias (IEB) is pronounced among young adult students' self-reports of affect when using ambulatory methods, but it is unclear if such bias extends broadly across samples, designs, and constructs. We examined the conditions wherein reliable and robust IEB may manifest by conducting a coordinated analysis of seven ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies with diverse lifespan samples to test the generalizability of IEB across study designs and affective constructs (momentary negative and positive affect). Overall, evidence for substantial IEB across studies was weak. No reliable evidence emerged for IEB in negative affect, with evidence for a small magnitude IEB for positive affect when comparing initial reports with reports made 1 week later, although the latter was not evident in other comparisons and was attenuated to nonsignificance when controlling for temporal factors. The magnitude and direction of IEB varied, but in mostly nonsystematic ways, as a function of study design and affective valence. Meta-analytic summary revealed consistently low combined effect sizes (Cohen's ds ranging from -.05 to .14). We found little evidence that IEB in momentary affect is sufficiently reliable, robust, or generalizable across designs and constructs to pose broad and/or serious concerns for EMA studies. Nonetheless, we recommend systematically examining the potential for IEB across study designs and constructs to help identify the conditions/contexts where IEB may or may not manifest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California
| | - Arthur A. Stone
- Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Joshua M. Smyth
- Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
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Cerino ES, Katz MJ, Wang C, Qin J, Gao Q, Hyun J, Hakun JG, Roque NA, Derby CA, Lipton RB, Sliwinski MJ. Variability in Cognitive Performance on Mobile Devices Is Sensitive to Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Einstein Aging Study. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:758031. [PMID: 34927132 PMCID: PMC8677835 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.758031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Within-person variability in cognitive performance has emerged as a promising indicator of cognitive health with potential to distinguish normative and pathological cognitive aging. We use a smartphone-based digital health approach with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine differences in variability in performance among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those who were cognitively unimpaired (CU). Method: A sample of 311 systematically recruited, community-dwelling older adults from the Einstein Aging Study (Mean age = 77.46 years, SD = 4.86, Range = 70-90; 67% Female; 45% Non-Hispanic White, 40% Non-Hispanic Black) completed neuropsychological testing, neurological assessments, and self-reported questionnaires. One hundred individuals met Jak/Bondi criteria for MCI. All participants performed mobile cognitive tests of processing speed, visual short-term memory binding, and spatial working memory on a smartphone device up to six times daily for 16 days, yielding up to 96 assessments per person. We employed heterogeneous variance multilevel models using log-linear prediction of residual variance to simultaneously assess cognitive status differences in mean performance, within-day variability, and day-to-day variability. We further tested whether these differences were robust to the influence of environmental contexts under which assessments were performed. Results: Individuals with MCI exhibited greater within-day variability than those who were CU on ambulatory assessments that measure processing speed (p < 0.001) and visual short-term memory binding (p < 0.001) performance but not spatial working memory. Cognitive status differences in day-to-day variability were present only for the measure of processing speed. Associations between cognitive status and within-day variability in performance were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic and contextual variables. Conclusion: Our smartphone-based digital health approach facilitates the ambulatory assessment of cognitive performance in older adults and the capacity to differentiate individuals with MCI from those who were CU. Results suggest variability in mobile cognitive performance is sensitive to MCI and exhibits dissociative patterns by timescale and cognitive domain. Variability in processing speed and visual short-term memory binding performance may provide specific detection of MCI. The 16-day smartphone-based EMA measurement burst offers novel opportunity to leverage digital technology to measure performance variability across frequent assessments for studying cognitive health and identifying early clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Cerino
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jiyue Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jinshil Hyun
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Hakun
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nelson A. Roque
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Carol A. Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Abstract
Objectives: Subjective cognitive complaints may be an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease pathology and related dementias that can be detectable prior to objective, performance-based decline. Negative and positive affective states (NA and PA, respectively) are established psychosocial correlates of cognition in older adulthood and have demonstrated capacity for meaningful within-person fluctuations based on person-environment interactions, age, and measurement approach.Method: We utilized data from a 100-day, microlongitudinal study of 105 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 63.19, SD = 7.80, Range = 52-88) to explore within- and between-person associations between high and low arousal NA and PA, and memory- and attention-related complaints.Results: For memory-related complaints, those who reported experiencing greater NA-high arousal had increased forgetfulness (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.11-4.49, p < .05). Within persons, reporting more NA-high arousal than usual was associated with increased forgetfulness (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.004-1.018, p < .01). For attention-related complaints, those who reported experiencing greater NA-low arousal had increased trouble staying focused (OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.17-4.66, p < .05). Within persons, reporting more NA-low arousal (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, p < .001) and less PA-high arousal (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.95-0.97, p < .001) than usual was associated with increased trouble staying focused. Additionally, reporting more PA-low arousal than usual was associated with decreased trouble staying focused among those with higher levels of conscientiousness (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57-0.92, p < .01).Conclusion: Results from this study offer a means to maximize resource allocation and personalized cognitive health efforts by pinpointing for whom and on which days boosting PA and/or reducing NA may both serve as pathways to benefit daily subjective cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Cerino
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Karen Hooker
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
| | | | - Michelle Odden
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
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Cerino ES, Stawski RS, Geldhof GJ, MacDonald SWS. Associations Between Control Beliefs and Response Time Inconsistency in Older Adults Vary as a Function of Attentional Task Demands. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:1819-1830. [PMID: 30452690 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Control beliefs are established correlates of cognitive aging. Despite recent demonstrations that response time inconsistency (RTI) represents a proxy for cognitive processing efficiency, few investigations have explored links between RTI and psychosocial correlates. We examined associations among RTI and control beliefs (perceived competence and locus of control) for two choice-response time (RT) tasks varying in their attentional demands. METHOD Control beliefs and RTI were measured weekly for 5 weeks in a sample of 304 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 74.11 years, SD = 6.05, range = 64-92, 68.58% female). RESULTS Multilevel models revealed that for the attentionally demanding task, reporting higher perceived competence than usual was associated with lower RTI for relatively younger participants and greater RTI for relatively older participants. For the less attentionally demanding task, reporting higher perceived competence than usual was associated with lower RTI for relatively older participants. Links between locus of control and RTI were comparatively scant. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that control beliefs may have adaptive and maladaptive influences on RTI, depending on dimension of control beliefs, individual differences in level of control beliefs and age, as well as attentional task demands. Both for whom and when control beliefs can be leveraged to optimize cognitive aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Robert S Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - G John Geldhof
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Cerino ES, Hyun J, Hakun JG, Roque NA, Lipton RB, Sliwinski MJ. Variability in working memory performance on mobile devices is sensitive to mild cognitive impairment: Results from the Einstein Aging Study. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinshil Hyun
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
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Cerino ES, Hooker K, Goodrich E, Dodge HH. Personality Moderates Intervention Effects on Cognitive Function: A 6-Week Conversation-Based Intervention. Gerontologist 2020; 60:958-967. [PMID: 31112605 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social isolation is associated with a higher risk of dementia. We previously conducted and showed the efficacy of an intervention which uses conversation (the core component of social interactions) as a tool to enhance cognitive function. We now explore whether cognitive improvements through conversation-based intervention depend on an individual's personality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We reexamined data from a 6-week randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01571427) to determine whether conversation-based intervention effects were moderated by personality traits in 83 older adults (mean age = 80.51 years, 49 cognitively intact, 34 individuals with mild cognitive impairment). The intervention group participated in daily 30-min face-to-face semi-structured conversations with trained interviewers through a web-enabled system for 6 weeks. At baseline, psychosocial questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery were completed. RESULTS Intervention group participants with high agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibited significant improvements in language-based executive function tasks beyond changes in the control group (ps < .05). An opposite pattern for delayed recall memory and working memory tasks emerged among highly extraverted participants (ps < .05). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our exploratory findings suggest the adaptive role of personality traits in conversation-based cognitive interventions may be limited to tasks incorporating a language component, and offer initial evidence for personalized approaches to cognitive health in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Karen Hooker
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Elena Goodrich
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.,Department of Neurology, Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Cerino ES, Stawski RS, Settersten RA, Odden MC, Hooker K. Aging-Related Changes in the Association between Negative Affect and Response Time Inconsistency in Older Adulthood. Int J Behav Dev 2020; 45:109-121. [PMID: 33758448 DOI: 10.1177/0165025420937081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) are established modifiable psychosocial correlates of cognitive health and have demonstrated capacity for meaningful within-person fluctuations based on person-environment interactions, age, and measurement approach. Previous research has shown NA is associated with increased response time inconsistency (RTI), an early performance-based indicator of cognitive health and aging. It is unclear, however, whether PA is associated with RTI, and whether affect-RTI associations exist within persons over time or change as individuals get older. We utilized data from a measurement burst study (Cognition, Health and Aging Project) to explore within- and between-person associations between affect and RTI in community-dwelling older adults (N=111, M=80.04 years, SD=6.30). Affect and RTI were assessed on six days over a two-week period, every six months for two years. Results revealed a significant association between NA-low arousal and RTI within persons over time. RTI was higher on sessions when NA-low arousal was higher than usual (b=0.21, 95%CI=0.08 to 0.35, p<.01). This association decreased in magnitude over time (b=-0.09, 95%CI=-0.14 to - 0.03, p<.001), ultimately resulting in increased NA-low arousal being associated with decreased RTI two years later (b=-.14, 95%CI=-0.27 to -0.01, p<.05). No PA-RTI associations emerged. The results suggest efforts focused on maximizing resource allocation and personalizing cognitive health efforts should consider for whom and when mitigating NA may be maximally beneficial to daily cognition, whereas additional work is needed to determine influences from PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Robert S Stawski
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - Karen Hooker
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University
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Cerino ES, Hooker K, Goodrich E, Dodge HH. PERSONALITY MODERATES INTERVENTION EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A 6-WEEK CONVERSATION-BASED INTERVENTION. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845189 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversation-based interventions have positive effects on cognitive health, though determining who benefits most is still unclear, and individuals’ personality may play a role. We utilized data from a 6-week randomized controlled trial to determine if conversation-based intervention effects were moderated by personality traits in 83 older adults (Mean age = 80.51 years, 49 cognitively intact, 34 with mild cognitive impairment). The intervention group participated in daily 30-minute face-to-face semi-structured conversations with trained interviewers for six weeks. Baseline psychosocial questionnaires and a neuropsychological battery were completed. Intervention group participants with high agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibited significantly more improvement in language-based executive function tasks compared to a control group (ps<.05). An opposite pattern for delayed recall memory and working memory tasks emerged among highly extraverted participants (ps<.05). Findings suggest the adaptive role of personality traits in conversation-based cognitive interventions and offer evidence for personalized approaches to cognitive health in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Hooker
- Oregon state University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Elena Goodrich
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Cerino ES, Sliwinski M. ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATIONS AMONG HIGH AND LOW AROUSAL AFFECT AND COGNITIVE HEALTH. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846406 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) vary from moment-to-moment and these variations are associated with cognitive health. Past work has primarily focused on valence (negative/positive), however, largely ignoring the potential import of arousal (high/low). We address this gap by assessing the impact of high and low arousal NA and PA on daily cognition. A sample of 238 older adults (Mage=77.30 years, SD=5.14, Range=70–90) completed mobile surveys up to four times daily for 14 days. Participants reported current levels of high and low arousal NA and PA and performed processing speed and working memory tasks. For processing speed, there were significant within-person affect by age interactions. Moments when low arousal NA was higher than usual were associated with slower processing speed (Est.=0.87, SE=0.44, p<.05), and this effect was amplified in older participants (Est.=1.69, SE=0.60, p<.01). Moments when high arousal PA was higher than usual were associated with faster processing speed (Est.=-0.81, SE=0.40, p<.05), and this effect was amplified in younger participants (Est.=-1.81, SE=0.56, p<.01). For working memory, a significant within-person high arousal PA by age interaction emerged (Est.=0.001, SE=0.00, p=.046) such that moments when high arousal PA was higher than usual were marginally associated with worse working memory performance only among older participants (Est.=0.004, SE=0.002, p=.06). Results suggest momentary increases in low arousal NA and high arousal PA may confer greatest risk to daily cognitive health among older adults with more limited capacity and/or cognitive resources, whereas affective influences may be more facilitative among comparatively younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Martin Sliwinski
- Penn State University, Center for Healthy Aging, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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Cerino ES, Hooker K, Stawski RS, McClelland M. A New Brief Measure of Executive Function: Adapting the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Task to Older Adults. Gerontologist 2019; 59:e258-e267. [PMID: 29648598 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Executive function (EF) abilities are recognized as components of cognition most likely to show age-related declines. Measurement of EF in older adults is often computer-based, takes place in a laboratory setting, and thus lacks ecological validity. We sought to investigate a new way of measuring EF in older adults by adapting a brief, behavioral measure of EF in children, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task (HTKS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 150 community-dwelling older adults (Mean age = 68.55, SD = 6.34) completed the HTKS, NIH Toolbox: Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS The HTKS showed adequate internal consistency, α = .84. Significant associations between HTKS variables and measures of attention and inhibitory control were robust to the influences of age, processing speed, and subjective health ratings. HTKS completion time exhibited the strongest associations to NIHTB-CB measures, suggesting that the time it takes older adults to complete the HTKS may be a better measure of EF than the total score. Nonsignificant associations between HTKS variables and positive and negative affect demonstrated discriminant validity. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide initial evidence for use of the HTKS as a brief, low-cost, easy to administer measure of EF in older adults. Further research is needed to determine its potential to identify individuals at risk for poor cognitive outcomes. A brief, valid measure may allow for wider screenings aimed at early intervention, when cognitive interventions are most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Cerino
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Karen Hooker
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Robert S Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Megan McClelland
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
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Stawski RS, MacDonald SWS, Brewster PWH, Munoz E, Cerino ES, Halliday DWR. A Comprehensive Comparison of Quantifications of Intraindividual Variability in Response Times: A Measurement Burst Approach. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:397-408. [PMID: 29029201 PMCID: PMC6377057 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To formally identify and contrast the most commonly-employed quantifications of response time inconsistency (RTI) and elucidate their utility for understanding within-person (WP) and between-person (BP) variation in cognitive function with increasing age. METHOD Using two measurement burst studies of cognitive aging, we systematically identified and computed five RTI quantifications from select disciplines to examine: (a) correlations among RTI quantifications; (b) the distribution of BP and WP variation in RTI; and (c) the comparability of RTI quantifications for predicting attention switching. RESULTS Comparable patterns were observed across studies. There was significant variation in RTI BP as well as WP across sessions and bursts. Correlations among RTI quantifications were generally strong and positive both WP and BP, except for the coefficient of variation. Independent prediction models indicated that slower mean response time (RT) and greater RTI were associated with slower attention switching both WP and BP. For selecting simultaneous prediction models, collinearity resulted in inflated standard errors and unstable model estimates. DISCUSSION RTI reflects a novel dimension of performance that is a robust and theoretically informative predictor of BP and WP variation in cognitive function. Among the plenitude of RTI quantifications, not all are interchangeable, nor of comparable predictive utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia
| | - Paul W H Brewster
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia
| | - Elizabeth Munoz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | - Eric S Cerino
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Drew W R Halliday
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia
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Cerino ES, Stawski RS. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AFFECT, MEAN RESPONSE TIME, AND RESPONSE TIME INCONSISTENCY AMONG OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E S Cerino
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - R S Stawski
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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