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Cabrera-Barjas G, Albornoz K, Belchi MDL, Giordano A, Bravo-Arrepol G, Moya-Elizondo E, Martin JS, Valdes O, Nesic A. Influence of chitin nanofibers and gallic acid on physical-chemical and biological performances of chitosan-based films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130159. [PMID: 38368972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In this work, chitosan films loaded with gallic acid and different content of chitin nanofibers were prepared and subjected to different characterization techniques. The results showed that the inclusion of gallic acid to chitosan films caused moderate decrease in water vapor permeability (by 29 %) and increased tensile strength of films (by 169 %) in comparison to the neat chitosan films. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chitin nanofibers up to 30 % into chitosan/gallic acid films additionally improved tensile strength (by 474 %) and reduced plasticity of films (by 171 %), when compared to the chitosan/gallic acid films. Increased concentration of chitin nanofibers in films reduced the overall water vapor permeability of films by 51 %. In addition, gallic acid and chitin nanofibers had synergic effect on high chitosan film's antioxidant and antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea (both above 95 %). Finally, chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers films reduced decay incidence of strawberries, increased total soluble solid content, and promoted high production of some polyphenols during cold storage, in comparison to the control chitosan films and uncoated strawberry samples. Hence, these results suggest that chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers can present eco-sustainable approach for preservation of strawberries, giving them additional nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Facultad de Ciencias del Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian Campus Las Tres Pascualas, Lientur 1457, 4080871 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Karin Albornoz
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Maria Dolores Lopez Belchi
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Ady Giordano
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Gaston Bravo-Arrepol
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7810000, Chile.
| | - Ernesto Moya-Elizondo
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Juan San Martin
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Serbia.
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Quezada-D’Angelo T, San Martín J, Ruiz B, Oyarzúa P, Vargas M, Fischer S, Cortés P, Astete P, Moya-Elizondo E. Use of Pseudomonas protegens to Control Root Rot Disease Caused by Boeremia exigua var. exigua in Industrial Chicory ( Cichorium intybus var. sativum Bisch.). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:263. [PMID: 38256816 PMCID: PMC10818772 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Boeremia exigua var. exigua is a recurrent pathogen causing root rot in industrial chicory. Currently, there is no chemical or varietal control for this disease, and thus, management strategies need to be developed. This study determined the biocontrol effect of strains of Pseudomonas protegens bacteria with antimicrobial compounds on the fungus B. exigua var. exigua under in vitro, in vivo, and field conditions. In addition, root colonization by these bacteria was estimated by the phlD-specific PCR-based dilution end point assay. Eighteen isolates of Pseudomonas spp were evaluated, and the strains that showed the greatest in vitro inhibition of fungal mycelial growth (mm), Ca10A and ChB7, were selected. Inoculation with the strain ChB7 showed less severity (necrotic area) under in vivo conditions (root trials) compared with the control inoculated with the pathogen (p ≤ 0.05). The molecular analysis revealed that the root colonization of plants grown in pots was equal to or greater than 70%. Similar levels were observed in the field trials conducted at the Selva Negra and Canteras experimental stations (2015-2016 season), with values ranging from 85.7 to 70.5% and from 75.0 to 79.5%, respectively. Regarding yield (ton ha-1), values were higher in the treatments inoculated with strains Ca10A and ChB7 (p ≤ 0.05) at both experimental sites, while a lower incidence and severity of root rot were observed at Selva Negra. These results suggest that the Chilean strains of P. protegens are a promising tool for the control of root diseases in industrial chicory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Quezada-D’Angelo
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Juan San Martín
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Braulio Ruiz
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Pía Oyarzúa
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Marisol Vargas
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Susana Fischer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Pamela Cortés
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricio Astete
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Orafti-Beneo S.A., Pemuco, Chile
| | - Ernesto Moya-Elizondo
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile; (T.Q.-D.); (J.S.M.); (B.R.); (P.O.); (M.V.); (S.F.); (P.C.)
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Grinbergs D, Chilian J, Padilla N, Reyes M, France A, Moya-Elizondo E, Gerding M. Endophytic Microorganisms Associated with Reversion of Silverleaf Disease Symptoms in Apple. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1541-1550. [PMID: 33591814 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-20-0548-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silverleaf is caused by the fungus Chondrostereum purpureum, which produces wood necrosis and foliar silvering in woody plants. Field observations and studies in apple have shown the reversion of foliar symptoms. Because plants were clones and received identical agronomical management, it was hypothesized that reversion is driven by endophytic microbiota. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare healthy, diseased, and reverted plants with respect to their physiology, endophytic microbial communities, antagonistic ability of their endophytes against C. purpureum, and defense genes expression. Water potential, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence were measured. Endophytic bacterial and fungal DNA were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and community richness and similarity were calculated. Wood cores were collected and bacterial and fungal endophytes were isolated and confronted with C. purpureum-virulent strains in dual-culture assays. Defense genes expression was measured by quantitative PCR. Results indicated that there were no differences in physiological parameters between healthy and reverted plants, except for fluorescence, and both type of plants differed from diseased ones. Bacterial and fungal community richness was similar in healthy and reverted plants and higher than in diseased ones. Endophytes from reverted and healthy plants showed high antagonism to C. purpureum. Furthermore, nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 expression was upregulated in reverted plants, whereas phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein genes showed higher values in diseased plants. Overall, physiological, molecular, and microbial characteristics were similar between healthy and reverted plants, and both differed from diseased ones. Therefore, reversion of symptoms is associated with changes in the endophytic microbiota, which seems to be a promising source of biological control agents against C. purpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grinbergs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Chillán, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Chilian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Chillán, Chile
| | - N Padilla
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Chillán, Chile
| | - A France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - M Gerding
- Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Grinbergs D, Chilian J, Carrasco-Fernández J, France A, Moya-Elizondo E, Gerding M. A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of Chondrostereum purpureum in Apple. Plant Dis 2020; 104:702-707. [PMID: 31958250 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2086-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silverleaf caused by the basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum affects numerous woody species, including fruit tree crops like apple, resulting in wood necrosis and foliar silvering. There are no curative alternatives for this disease, and its management is by prevention methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection and identification of C. purpureum directly from woody tissues to help distinguish the pathogen from other basidiomycetes that are commonly found on apple. The silverleaf pathogen was isolated from different hosts and locations, and Koch's postulates were performed by inoculating the isolates on apple cuttings and measuring internal necrosis. A previously described APN 1 pair of primers specificity was also tested against 25 C. purpureum isolates in this study, using other wood rotting species as negative controls. Seven virulent isolates were inoculated on apple cuttings, and DNA was extracted from the cuttings' sawdust and amplified using APN 1, after 22 days of incubation. To prove the efficiency of the method in the field, DNA from healthy nursery plants inoculated with two virulent isolates, and naturally infected plants showing different levels of foliar symptoms, were tested. Presence of the fungus was verified by reisolation on APDA in all assays. Koch's postulates indicated that all C. purpureum isolates were pathogenic, showing different virulence levels, and APN 1 primers were able to discriminate them from other basidiomycetes. The method was also able to detect C. purpureum from artificially inoculated plants as well as naturally infected ones, demonstrating that the protocol may become a rapid minimally destructive diagnostic tool to detect the pathogen without the need to isolate it from tissues, and thus taking measures to prevent its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grinbergs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Chilian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Carrasco-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - A France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - E Moya-Elizondo
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Gerding
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
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