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Krieger IV, Yalamanchili S, Dickson P, Engelhart CA, Zimmerman MD, Wood J, Clary E, Nguyen J, Thornton N, Centrella PA, Chan B, Cuozzo JW, Gengenbacher M, Guié MA, Guilinger JP, Bienstock C, Hartl H, Hupp CD, Jetson R, Satoh T, Yeoman JTS, Zhang Y, Dartois V, Schnappinger D, Keefe AD, Sacchettini JC. Inhibitors of the Thioesterase Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pks13 Discovered Using DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Screening. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1561-1575. [PMID: 38577994 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) technology provides a time- and cost-efficient method to simultaneously screen billions of compounds for their affinity to a protein target of interest. Here we report its use to identify a novel chemical series of inhibitors of the thioesterase activity of polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We present three chemically distinct series of inhibitors along with their enzymatic and Mtb whole cell potency, the measure of on-target activity in cells, and the crystal structures of inhibitor-enzyme complexes illuminating their interactions with the active site of the enzyme. One of these inhibitors showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrated efficacy in an acute mouse model of tuberculosis (TB) infection. These findings and assay developments will aid in the advancement of TB drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna V Krieger
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Paige Dickson
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Matthew D Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Jeremy Wood
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ethan Clary
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jasmine Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Natalie Thornton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Paolo A Centrella
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Betty Chan
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Auron Therapeutics, 55 Chapel Street, Newton, Massachusetts 02458, United States
| | - John W Cuozzo
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Relay Therapeutics, 399 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Marie-Aude Guié
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - John P Guilinger
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Corey Bienstock
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Hajnalka Hartl
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Orogen Therapeutics, 12 Gill Street, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Christopher D Hupp
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Ipsen Bioscience Inc., 1 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rachael Jetson
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Takashi Satoh
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- EXO Therapeutics, 150 Cambridgepark Drive, suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - John T S Yeoman
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
- Recludix Pharmaceuticals, 222 Third Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Veronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Anthony D Keefe
- X-Chem Inc., 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Ziemba A, Derosier LC, Methvin R, Song CY, Clary E, Kahn W, Milesi D, Gorn V, Reed M, Ebbinghaus S. Repair of triplex-directed DNA alkylation by nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4257-63. [PMID: 11691913 PMCID: PMC60196 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.21.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are being investigated as highly specific DNA binding agents to inhibit the expression of clinically relevant genes. So far, they have been shown to inhibit transcription from the HER-2/neu gene in vitro, whereas their use in vivo has been studied to a limited extent. This study uses a TFO-chlorambucil (chl) conjugate capable of forming site-specific covalent guanine adducts within the HER-2/neu promoter. We demonstrate that nucleotide excision repair (NER) represents a mechanism of cellular resistance to TFO-directed DNA alkylation. In vitro repair assays demonstrate that triplex-directed chl-guanine adducts are substrates for repair by NER competent cell extracts but not XP12BE cell extracts deficient in NER. The degree of repair is estimated by a ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction with a pre-formed triplex in a plasmid transfected into repair competent cells, indicating that approximately 25% of the guanine adducts are removed after 24 h. These data indicate that guanine adducts from TFO-directed alkylation are a substrate for NER and that DNA repair is a significant barrier to the intracellular persistence of target gene binding by TFOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ziemba
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA
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Garcia-Oria M, Ali A, Reynolds JD, Clary E, Gandsas A, Cummings T, McMahon RL, Bruch S, Fina M, Ko A, Eubanks S. Histologic evaluation of fetal brains following maternal pneumoperitoneum. Surg Endosc 2001; 15:1294-8. [PMID: 11727136 DOI: 10.1007/s004640080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2000] [Accepted: 11/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine if maternal pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide (CO2) produces evidence of central nervous system (CNS) injury in preterm fetal guinea pigs. METHODS Thirty pregnant guinea pigs at gestational day (GD) 45 were assigned at random to one of three treatment groups: anesthesia only, CO2 pneumoperitoneum (5 mmHg), or laparotomy. Dams were killed 3 or 5 days postprocedure and fetal brains (83 total) harvested and fixed for subsequent histopathologic evaluation. For comparative purposes, histologic features of fetal guinea pig brain injury were defined from examination of fetal brains harvested from an additional dam that underwent laparotomy with 20 min of uterine arterial occlusion. RESULTS Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum did not increase maternal/fetal morbidity. No evidence of brain injury was found in fetuses from any of the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum at 5 mmHg for 40 min in the pregnant guinea pig does not produce evidence of fetal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Oria
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Endosurgery Research Laboratory, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Price N, Gottfried MR, Clary E, Lawson DC, Baillie J, Mergener K, Westcott C, Eubanks S, Pappas TN. Safety and efficacy of India ink and indocyanine green as colonic tattooing agents. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51:438-42. [PMID: 10744816 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(00)70445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists concerning the safety and efficacy of colonic tattooing for the intraoperative identification of polypectomy sites. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the concentrations of India ink and indocyanine green that resulted in high-visibility tattoos without significant tissue inflammation and (2) the India ink injection volume that produces best visibility at colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy. METHODS Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg) were anesthetized and injected with India ink (undiluted 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10,000) and indocyanine green as an undiluted, concentrated formulation (25 mL/2 mL solvent) or in a diluted form (25 mg/5 mL solvent) at various concentrations (1:10, 1:50, 1:100). Tuberculin syringes were used to create a 0.1 mL serosal bleb at two injection sites 2 cm apart. Laparotomy was repeated at days 1, 3, and 7 after injection. Additionally, 16 rabbits were injected with India ink at laparotomy and re-explored at 1 and 5 months. Twelve mongrel dogs (20 kg) were injected with 1.0 mL volumes. Re-exploration by colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy was done at 7 days and 1 month. Tattoo visibility at re-exploration in both animal models was graded on a scale (0 = agent not seen, 1 = seen with difficulty, 2 = easily seen). Histology in the rabbit was judged by degrees of inflammation (0 = no inflammation, 2 = mild inflammation, 4 = moderate inflammation, 6 = severe inflammation). RESULTS The concentrated indocyanine green solution was easily visible only on day 1 in the rabbit. Injections of both concentrated and diluted indocyanine green caused mucosal ulceration and moderate to severe inflammation. India ink studied at 7 days, 1 month, and 5 months after injection in the rabbit model was visible at all concentrations. The undiluted and 1:10 concentrations were easily seen and showed evidence of mucosal ulceration. Tattoos produced with all other India ink concentrations were visible without gross inflammation. India ink was also studied at 7 days and 1 month in dogs. The tattoo with the 1:100 concentration at 0.5 mL was seen consistently at colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy with only a mild submucosal reaction at 7 days. The tattoos produced with the 1:100 and 1:1000 concentrations at 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL injection volumes were easily seen by all methods of intraabdominal visualization at 1 month with similar histology. CONCLUSION Indocyanine green was an ineffective colonic tattooing agent. India ink was an effective colonic tattooing agent. Dilute concentrations that caused little to no inflammation could be visualized at 7 days and 1 month in rabbits and dogs and at 5 months in rabbits. India ink, at appropriated concentrations, appears to be a safe short- and long-term colonic tattooing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Price
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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