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Lim ML, Zammit C, Lewis E, Ee N, Maiden G, Goldwater M, Kimonis E, Kenning G, Rockwood K, Fitzgerald A, Radford K, Dodge H, Ward SA, Delbaere K, Peters R. A 10-week intergenerational program bringing together community-living older adults and preschool children (INTERACTION): a pilot feasibility non-randomised clinical trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 38383482 PMCID: PMC10880214 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and low levels of physical activity are strong drivers for frailty, which is linked to poor health outcomes and transition to long-term care. Frailty is multifactorial, and thus an integrated approach is needed to maintain older adults' health and well-being. Intergenerational programs represent a novel multifactorial approach to target frailty, social isolation and physical decline but these have not yet been rigorously tested in Australia. Here, we present the results of our pilot study which aimed to test the feasibility of a 10-week intergenerational program between older adults and preschool children. METHODS A non-randomised wait-listed controlled trial was conducted. Participants were allocated to either the intervention or wait-list control group. The intervention group received 10 weekly 2-h intergenerational sessions led by trained child educators; the control group continued with their usual routine and received their intergenerational program after the 10-week control period. All participants were assessed at baseline and 10 weeks. The primary outcome was the feasibility and acceptability of the program including measures of recruitment eligibility, adherence and effective data collection across the multiple domains important for frailty, including functional mobility and balance, grip strength, cognitive function, mood, social engagement, quality of life and concerns about falling. RESULTS Nineteen adults were included, with nine in the intervention and ten in the control group. A total of 42% of older adults screened were eligible, 75% of participants were present at each intervention session and the overall attrition rate was 21% (n = 4). The reasons for participant absence were primarily health-related. Missing data was minimal for the majority of assessments but more apparent for the cognitive testing where completion rates ranged from 53 to 79% for baseline tests and 73 to 100% for those who received follow-up testing. CONCLUSIONS The high program compliance and low attrition show that a 10-week intergenerational program embedded in the local community, designed for community-living older adults and preschool children, is feasible and acceptable to older adults. Our next trial will test the efficacy of intergenerational programs in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
- Neurology, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Christine Zammit
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ebony Lewis
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Ee
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Genevieve Maiden
- War Memorial Hospital, Uniting, South Eastern Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eva Kimonis
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail Kenning
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- fEEL (felt Experience and Empathy Lab), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anneke Fitzgerald
- Department of Business Strategy and Innovation, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Katrina Radford
- Department of Employment Relations and Human Resource Management, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hiroko Dodge
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Ward
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neurology, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
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Kohlhoff J, Mahmood D, Kimonis E, Hawes DJ, Morgan S, Egan R, Niec LN, Eapen V. Callous-Unemotional Traits and Disorganized Attachment: Links with Disruptive Behaviors in Toddlers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:399-406. [PMID: 31894435 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits and children with disorganized attachment patterns are at heightened risk of poor psychological outcomes but little is known about the overlap between these constructs and their unique contributions to conduct problems in early childhood. This study examined associations between CU traits, disorganized attachment, and conduct problem (CP) severity in a sample of clinic-referred toddlers with behavioral problems. Mother-child dyads (n = 56; mean child age 19.50 months) completed parent-report questionnaires, a dyadic play session, and the Strange Situation Procedure to assess child attachment pattern. Significant positive associations were found between CU traits and disorganized attachment, independent of CP severity. CU traits but not disorganized attachment predicted CP severity. Results indicate that among toddlers with clinic-referred disruptive behavior problems, there are clear links between CU traits and attachment disorganization. Of the two constructs, however, CU traits appear to be most salient in the expression of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Research Department, Karitane, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Dina Mahmood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eva Kimonis
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Morgan
- Research Department, Karitane, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ryan Egan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Larissa N Niec
- Center for Children, Families and Communities, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Ingham Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Sicouri G, Tully L, Collins D, Burn M, Sargeant K, Frick P, Anderson V, Hawes D, Kimonis E, Moul C, Lenroot R, Dadds M. Toward Father-friendly Parenting Interventions: A Qualitative Study. Aust N Z J Fam Ther 2018; 39:218-231. [PMID: 30008513 PMCID: PMC6033039 DOI: 10.1002/anzf.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Levels of father participation in parenting interventions are often very low, yet little is known about the factors which influence father engagement. We aimed to qualitatively explore perceived barriers to, and preferences for, parenting interventions in a community sample of fathers. Forty-one fathers across nine focus groups were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Key barriers to father participation identified included: the perception that interventions are mother-focused; beliefs about gender roles regarding parenting and help-seeking; mothers' role as 'gatekeeper'; lack of knowledge and awareness of parenting interventions; and lack of relevance of interventions. Fathers reported preferences for specific content and intervention features, facilitator characteristics, practical factors, and highlighted the need for father-targeted recruitment and advertising. Many of the barriers and preferences identified are consistent with previous research; however, fathers' beliefs and attitudes around gender roles and help-seeking, as well as the perception that interventions are predominantly mother-focused, may be key barriers for community fathers. Strategies to overcome these barriers and better meet the needs of fathers in promoting and delivering parenting interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Frick
- Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbane & Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge
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Ciucci E, Kimonis E, Frick PJ, Righi S, Baroncelli A, Tambasco G, Facci C. Attentional Orienting to Emotional Faces Moderates the Association Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Peer-Nominated Aggression in Young Adolescent School Children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2017; 46:1011-1019. [PMID: 29046999 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with aggressive behavior but preliminary research suggests this relationship is modified by patterns of emotional processing. This study examined whether attentional orienting to emotional faces moderated the association between CU traits and peer-nominated aggression in 251 middle school students (53% females, mean age = 13.24 years, SD = 0.73). Attentional orienting was assessed using an emotional faces (i.e., angry, fearful, happy, sad, and neutral) variant of the dot-probe task. Students also completed a self-report measure of CU traits and their classmates made peer nominations of aggression. Logistic regression analyses showed that peer-nominated aggression was positively related to CU traits at low levels of attentional orienting to angry faces, whereas aggression was unrelated to CU traits at high levels of attentional orienting to angry faces. That is, peer-nominated aggression was greatest for youth high on CU traits who were not engaged by angry faces. These findings support the importance of considering different patterns of emotional responding when studying the association between CU traits and aggressive behavior in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Ciucci
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
| | - Eva Kimonis
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Learning Sciences Institute of Australia, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stefania Righi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Baroncelli
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tambasco
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolina Facci
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
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Fanti KA, Kimonis E. Heterogeneity in externalizing problems at age 3: Association with age 15 biological and environmental outcomes. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:1230-1241. [DOI: 10.1037/dev0000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Piotrowska PJ, Tully LA, Lenroot R, Kimonis E, Hawes D, Moul C, Frick PJ, Anderson V, Dadds MR. Mothers, Fathers, and Parental Systems: A Conceptual Model of Parental Engagement in Programmes for Child Mental Health-Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact (CAPE). Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 20:146-161. [PMID: 27914017 PMCID: PMC5487721 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-016-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parenting programmes are one of the best researched and most effective interventions for reducing child mental health problems. The success of such programmes, however, is largely dependent on their reach and parental engagement. Rates of parental enrolment and attendance are highly variable, and in many cases very low; this is especially true of father involvement in parenting programmes. This paper proposes a conceptual model of parental engagement in parenting programmes-the CAPE model (Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact) that builds on recent models by elaborating on the interdependent stages of engagement, and its interparental or systemic context. That is, we argue that a comprehensive model of parental engagement will best entail a process from connection to enactment of learned strategies in the child's environment, and involve consideration of individual parents (both mothers and fathers) as well as the dynamics of the parenting team. The model provides a framework for considering parent engagement as well as associated facilitators and mechanisms of parenting change such as parenting skills, self-efficacy, attributions, and the implementation context. Empirical investigation of the CAPE model could be used to further our understanding of parental engagement, its importance for programme outcomes, and mechanisms of change. This will guide future intervention refinement and developments as well as change in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L A Tully
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - R Lenroot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - E Kimonis
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - C Moul
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - P J Frick
- Learning Sciences Institute of Australia, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - V Anderson
- Departments of Psychology and Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M R Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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7
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Cauffman E, Piquero AR, Kimonis E, Steinberg L, Chassin L, Fagan J. Legal, individual, and environmental predictors of court disposition in a sample of serious adolescent offenders. Law Hum Behav 2007; 31:519-35. [PMID: 17245634 PMCID: PMC2773616 DOI: 10.1007/s10979-006-9076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the juvenile court has been expected to consider each youth's distinct rehabilitative needs in the dispositional decision-making process, rather than focusing on legal factors alone. This study examines the extent to which demographic, psychological, contextual, and legal factors, independently predict dispositional outcomes (i.e., probation vs. confinement) within two juvenile court jurisdictions (Philadelphia, Phoenix). The sample consists of 1,355 14- to 18-year-old male and female juvenile offenders adjudicated of a serious criminal offense. Results suggest that legal factors have the strongest influence on disposition in both jurisdictions. For example, a higher number of prior court referrals is associated with an increased likelihood of secure confinement in both jurisdictions. Juveniles adjudicated of violent offenses are more likely to receive secure confinement in Phoenix, but are more likely to be placed on probation in Philadelphia. Race is unrelated to dispositional outcome, but, males are consistently more likely than females to be placed in secure confinement. Importantly, individual factors (e.g., developmental maturity) generally were not powerful independent predictors of disposition. Finally, an examination of the predictors of juvenile versus adult court transfer in Phoenix indicated that males, older juveniles, and those with a violent adjudicated charge were more likely to be transferred to adult court, while juveniles scoring high on responsibility as well as those juveniles with an alcohol dependence diagnosis were more likely to be retained in juvenile court.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cauffman
- Psychology & Social Behavior, 3355 Social Ecology II, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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