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Elsaesser A, Burr DJ, Mabey P, Urso RG, Billi D, Cockell C, Cottin H, Kish A, Leys N, van Loon JJWA, Mateo-Marti E, Moissl-Eichinger C, Onofri S, Quinn RC, Rabbow E, Rettberg P, de la Torre Noetzel R, Slenzka K, Ricco AJ, de Vera JP, Westall F. Future space experiment platforms for astrobiology and astrochemistry research. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 37308480 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Space experiments are a technically challenging but a scientifically important part of astrobiology and astrochemistry research. The International Space Station (ISS) is an excellent example of a highly successful and long-lasting research platform for experiments in space, that has provided a wealth of scientific data over the last two decades. However, future space platforms present new opportunities to conduct experiments with the potential to address key topics in astrobiology and astrochemistry. In this perspective, the European Space Agency (ESA) Topical Team Astrobiology and Astrochemistry (with feedback from the wider scientific community) identifies a number of key topics and summarizes the 2021 "ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper" for astrobiology and astrochemistry. We highlight recommendations for the development and implementation of future experiments, discuss types of in situ measurements, experimental parameters, exposure scenarios and orbits, and identify knowledge gaps and how to advance scientific utilization of future space-exposure platforms that are either currently under development or in an advanced planning stage. In addition to the ISS, these platforms include CubeSats and SmallSats, as well as larger platforms such as the Lunar Orbital Gateway. We also provide an outlook for in situ experiments on the Moon and Mars, and welcome new possibilities to support the search for exoplanets and potential biosignatures within and beyond our solar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elsaesser
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David J Burr
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Mabey
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Billi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hervé Cottin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Adrienne Kish
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Leys
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jack J W A van Loon
- Dutch Experiment Support Center (DESC), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam Bone Center (ABC), Amsterdam UMC Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc) & Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Elke Rabbow
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Rettberg
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosa de la Torre Noetzel
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Slenzka
- KS-3D-3D-Printing and Laser Services, In der Heide 16, 27243, Gross Ippener, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Space Operations and Astronaut Training, Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frances Westall
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Orléans, France
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Cueto-Díaz EJ, Suárez-García F, Gálvez-Martínez S, Valles-González MP, Mateo-Marti E. CO2 adsorption capacities of amine-functionalized microporous silica nanoparticles. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Manrique JA, Lopez-Reyes G, Cousin A, Rull F, Maurice S, Wiens RC, Madsen MB, Madariaga JM, Gasnault O, Aramendia J, Arana G, Beck P, Bernard S, Bernardi P, Bernt MH, Berrocal A, Beyssac O, Caïs P, Castro C, Castro K, Clegg SM, Cloutis E, Dromart G, Drouet C, Dubois B, Escribano D, Fabre C, Fernandez A, Forni O, Garcia-Baonza V, Gontijo I, Johnson J, Laserna J, Lasue J, Madsen S, Mateo-Marti E, Medina J, Meslin PY, Montagnac G, Moral A, Moros J, Ollila AM, Ortega C, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Reess JM, Robinson S, Rodriguez J, Saiz J, Sanz-Arranz JA, Sard I, Sautter V, Sobron P, Toplis M, Veneranda M. SuperCam Calibration Targets: Design and Development. Space Sci Rev 2020; 216:138. [PMID: 33281235 PMCID: PMC7691312 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SuperCam is a highly integrated remote-sensing instrumental suite for NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It consists of a co-aligned combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (VISIR), together with sound recording (MIC) and high-magnification imaging techniques (RMI). They provide information on the mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral context around the Perseverance Rover. The calibration of this complex suite is a major challenge. Not only does each technique require its own standards or references, their combination also introduces new requirements to obtain optimal scientific output. Elemental composition, molecular vibrational features, fluorescence, morphology and texture provide a full picture of the sample with spectral information that needs to be co-aligned, correlated, and individually calibrated. The resulting hardware includes different kinds of targets, each one covering different needs of the instrument. Standards for imaging calibration, geological samples for mineral identification and chemometric calculations or spectral references to calibrate and evaluate the health of the instrument, are all included in the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT). The system also includes a specifically designed assembly in which the samples are mounted. This hardware allows the targets to survive the harsh environmental conditions of the launch, cruise, landing and operation on Mars during the whole mission. Here we summarize the design, development, integration, verification and functional testing of the SCCT. This work includes some key results obtained to verify the scientific outcome of the SuperCam system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Manrique
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - G. Lopez-Reyes
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - A. Cousin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F. Rull
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - S. Maurice
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. C. Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - O. Gasnault
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Aramendia
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - G. Arana
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - P. Beck
- CNRS, Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Universite Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin d’Heres, France
| | - S. Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Bernardi
- Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - M. H. Bernt
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Berrocal
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España S.A. (ISDEFE), Madrid, Spain
| | - O. Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Caïs
- Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Castro
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | - K. Castro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - S. M. Clegg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | | | - G. Dromart
- Univ Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - C. Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UT3/INP, Ensiacet, Toulouse, France
| | - B. Dubois
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Escribano
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - C. Fabre
- GeoRessources, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - O. Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - V. Garcia-Baonza
- Instituto de Geociencias CSIC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Gontijo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. Laserna
- University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - J. Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Madsen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - E. Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología-CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - J. Medina
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - P.-Y. Meslin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - G. Montagnac
- Univ Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - A. Moral
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - J. Moros
- University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - A. M. Ollila
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - C. Ortega
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | | | - J. M. Reess
- Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - S. Robinson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - J. Rodriguez
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España S.A. (ISDEFE), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Saiz
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - J. A. Sanz-Arranz
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - I. Sard
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | - V. Sautter
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Sobron
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA USA
| | - M. Toplis
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Veneranda
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
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Galvez-Martinez S, Escamilla-Roa E, Zorzano MP, Mateo-Marti E. Defects on a pyrite(100) surface produce chemical evolution of glycine under inert conditions: experimental and theoretical approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24535-24542. [PMID: 31663552 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of non-stoichiometric sites on the pyrite(100) surface makes it a suitable substrate for driving the chemical evolution of the amino acid glycine over time, even under inert conditions. Spectroscopic molecular fingerprints prove a transition process from a zwitterionic species to an anionic species over time on the monosulfide enriched surface. By combining experimental and theoretical approaches, we propose a surface mechanism where the interaction between the amino acid species and the surface will be driven by the quenching of the surface states at Fe sites and favoured by sulfur vacancies. This study demonstrates the potential capability of pyrite to act as a surface catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Galvez-Martinez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
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Mateo-Marti E, Galvez-Martinez S, Gil-Lozano C, Zorzano MP. Pyrite-induced uv-photocatalytic abiotic nitrogen fixation: implications for early atmospheres and Life. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15311. [PMID: 31653928 PMCID: PMC6814809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular form of nitrogen, N2, is universally available but is biochemically inaccessible for life due to the strength of its triple bond. Prior to the emergence of life, there must have been an abiotic process that could fix nitrogen in a biochemically usable form. The UV photo-catalytic effects of minerals such as pyrite on nitrogen fixation have to date been overlooked. Here we show experimentally, using X-ray photoemission and infrared spectroscopies that, under a standard earth atmosphere containing nitrogen and water vapour at Earth or Martian pressures, nitrogen is fixed to pyrite as ammonium iron sulfate after merely two hours of exposure to 2,3 W/m 2 of ultraviolet irradiance in the 200-400 nm range. Our experiments show that this process exists also in the absence of UV, although about 50 times slower. The experiments also show that carbonates species are fixed on pyrite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Galvez-Martinez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gil-Lozano
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Paz Zorzano
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå Universit of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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Mateo-Marti E, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Muñoz Caro G, González-Díaz C, Muñoz-Iglesias V, Gálvez-Martínez S. Characterizing Interstellar Medium, Planetary Surface and Deep Environments by Spectroscopic Techniques Using Unique Simulation Chambers at Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB). Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9030072. [PMID: 31510002 PMCID: PMC6789534 DOI: 10.3390/life9030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the study of diverse habitable environments of astrobiological interest has become a major challenge. Due to the obvious technical and economical limitations on in situ exploration, laboratory simulations are one of the most feasible research options to make advances both in several astrobiologically interesting environments and in developing a consistent description of the origin of life. With this objective in mind, we applied vacuum and high pressure technology to the design of versatile simulation chambers devoted to the simulation of the interstellar medium, planetary atmospheres conditions and high-pressure environments. These simulation facilities are especially appropriate for studying the physical, chemical and biological changes induced in a particular sample by in situ irradiation or physical parameters in a controlled environment. Furthermore, the implementation of several spectroscopies, such as infrared, Raman, ultraviolet, etc., to study solids, and mass spectrometry to monitor the gas phase, in our simulation chambers, provide specific tools for the in situ physico-chemical characterization of analogues of astrobiological interest. Simulation chamber facilities are a promising and potential tool for planetary exploration of habitable environments. A review of many wide-ranging applications in astrobiology are detailed herein to provide an understanding of the potential and flexibility of these unique experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
| | | | - Guillermo Muñoz Caro
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
| | | | | | - Santos Gálvez-Martínez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.
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Sanchez-Arenillas M, Mateo-Marti E. Pyrite surface environment drives molecular adsorption: cystine on pyrite(100) investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:27219-27225. [PMID: 27711447 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03760g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the annealing process for cleaning pyrite surfaces is a critical parameter in promoting ordering on the surface and driving surface reactivity. Furthermore, we describe a spectroscopic surface characterization of the presence or absence of the surface ordering, as indicated by the Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) pattern, as a function of the surface annealing process. Complementary X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results provide evidence that longer annealing processes of over 3 hours repair the sulfur vacancies in the pyrite, making FeS species partially disappear in favor of FeS2 species. These features play an important role in molecular adsorption. We show that in the case of the cystine amino acid on the (100) pyrite surface, the substrate structure is responsible for the chemical adsorption form. The presence of an ordered structure on the surface, as indicated by the LEED pattern, favors the cystine NH3+ chemical form, whereas the absence of the surface ordering promotes cystine NH2 adsorption due to the sulfur-deficient surface. The cystine molecule could then act by changing its chemical functionalities to compensate for the iron surface coordination. The chemical molecular adsorption form can be selected by the surface annealing conditions, implying that environmental conditions could drive molecular adsorption on mineral surfaces. These findings are relevant in several surface processes, and they could play a possible role in prebiotic chemistry surface reactions and iron-sulfur scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanchez-Arenillas
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain.
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Mateo-Marti E, Pradier CM. UV irradiation study of a tripeptide isolated in an argon matrix: a tautomerism process evidenced by infrared and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 109:247-252. [PMID: 23542515 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix isolation is a powerful tool for studying photochemical processes occurring in isolated molecules. In this way, we characterized the chemical modifications occurring within a tri peptide molecule, IGF, when exposed to the influence of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This paper first describes the successful formation of the tripeptide (IGF) argon matrix under vacuum conditions, followed by the in situ UV irradiation and characterization of the molecular matrix reactivity after UV-irradiation. These studies have been performed by combining two complementary spectroscopic techniques, Fourier-Transform Reflexion Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The IR spectra of the isolated peptide-matrix, before and after UV irradiation, revealed significant differences that could be associated either to a partial deprotonation of the molecule or to a tautomeric conversion of some amide bonds to imide ones on some peptide molecules. XPS analyses undoubtedly confirmed the second hypothesis; the combination of IRRAS and XPS results provide evidence that UV irradiation of peptides induces a chemical reaction, namely a shift of the double bond, meaning partial conversion from amide tautomer into an imidic acid tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
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Trelka M, Urban C, Rogero C, de Mendoza P, Mateo-Marti E, Wang Y, Silanes I, Écija D, Alcamí M, Yndurain F, Arnau A, Martín F, Echavarren AM, Martín-Gago J, Gallego JM, Otero R, Miranda R. Surface assembly of porphyrin nanorods with one-dimensional zinc–oxygen spinal cords. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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López V, Pérez GR, Arregui A, Mateo-Marti E, Bañares L, Martín-Gago JA, Soler JM, Gómez-Herrero J, Zamora F. Azafullerene-like nanosized clusters. ACS Nano 2009; 3:3352-3357. [PMID: 19860386 DOI: 10.1021/nn900496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride materials have extraordinary potential in various applications, including catalysts, filled-particles, and superhard materials. Carbon nitride nanoclusters have been prepared under mild solvothermal conditions by a reaction between 1,3,5-trichlotriazine and sodium azide in toluene. The bulk material formed has a C(3)N(4) composition and consists of spheres with diameters ranging from approximately 1 nm to 4 mum. Nanometer-sized clusters of C(3)N(4) stoichiometry have been isolated on surfaces by sublimation or simple physicochemical methods. The clusters have then been characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The laser desorption ionization mass spectra show peaks assignable to the C(12)N(16), C(21)N(28), and C(33)N(44) molecules which could correspond to cage structures with 4, 7, and 11 units of the C(3)N(4) subunit, respectively. The structure and stability of these new nitrogen-rich carbon nitride nanocages has been investigated using density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Briones C, Mateo-Marti E, Gómez-Navarro C, Parro V, Román E, Martín-Gago JA. Ordered self-assembled monolayers of Peptide nucleic acids with DNA recognition capability. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:208103. [PMID: 15600975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.208103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of ordered self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of single-stranded peptide nucleic acids (ssPNA). In spite of their remarkable length (7 nm) thiolated PNAs assemble standing up on gold surfaces similarly to the SAMs of short alkanethiols. SAMs of ssPNA recognize complementary nucleic acids, acting as specific biosensors that discriminate even a point mutation in target ssDNA. These results are obtained by surface characterization techniques that avoid labeling of the target molecule: x-ray photoemission, x-ray absorption and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Briones
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), C. Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
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