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Chemarin M, Dufies O, Mazet A, Mellan E, Coudereau R, Py BF, Boyer L, Venet F. [Role of inflammasome NLRP3 in the pathophysiology of viral infections: A focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:545-552. [PMID: 35766852 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is one of the best characterized innate immune cytosolic sensor. As part of the innate immune response, the NLRP3 inflammasome detects a wide range of danger signals such as pathogens, tissue damages, cellular stress. The priming and activation of NLRP3 lead to the formation of an oligomeric intracellular complex and to the recruitment and activation of caspase-1. Once activated, not only this inflammasome complex controls the processing and release of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18, but also the inflammatory cell death pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin D pores. In this review, we describe the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in viral infections with a particular interest on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we present therapies evaluated or under evaluation targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway as COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Chemarin
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anastassia Mazet
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Mellan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot - Hospices civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France - EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices civils de Lyon - BioMérieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche HCLBioMérieux, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France - Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot - Hospices civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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