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Coudereau R, Bodinier M, Lukaszewicz AC, Py BF, Argaud L, Cour M, Bidar F, Cerrato E, Garnier L, Gossez M, Venet F, Monneret G. Persistent NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with delayed immunosuppression in septic patients. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:706-713. [PMID: 38146798 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis triggers a complex response marked by the simultaneous presence of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive elements, disrupting the mechanisms intended to maintain homeostasis. While the NLRP3 inflammasome has been demonstrated to contribute to the inflammatory side, its connection with delayed sepsis-induced immunosuppression remains unexplored. The present objective was to concomitantly and prospectively assess NLRP3 activation (IL-1β, IL-18, and soluble receptors) and features of immune failure (IL-10, mHLA-DR, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in septic patients. To validate our findings, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of mRNA of NLRP3-related genes (IL-18R1, IL-1R2) on an additional cohort of 107 patients. Two distinct endotypes were identified. One cluster displayed moderate inflammation rapidly returning to normal values, while the other exhibited a higher inflammatory response persisting until day 28, which was associated with persistent marked immunosuppression and higher 28-d mortality. Identifying endotypes with different pro/anti-inflammatory trajectories could hold important clinical implications for the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Bodinier
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Frank Bidar
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Cerrato
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Lorna Garnier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, CH Lyon-Sud, Immunology Laboratory, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France
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Coudereau R, Haem Rahimi M, Lukaszewicz AC, Cour M, Bidar F, Argaud L, Venet F, Monneret G. Immature neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in sepsis: differences in occurrence kinetics. Crit Care 2024; 28:7. [PMID: 38169413 PMCID: PMC10759592 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Coudereau
- Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Muzhda Haem Rahimi
- Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Medical Intensive Care Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frank Bidar
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Medical Intensive Care Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France.
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.
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Coudereau R, Monneret G, Lukaszewicz AC, Py BF, Argaud L, Cour M, Bidar F, Gossez M, Venet F. Altered Ex Vivo NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Associated with 28-Day Mortality in Septic Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:2419. [PMID: 38140660 PMCID: PMC10748301 DOI: 10.3390/v15122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection. In this context, the aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been documented mostly through the measurement of increased plasmatic concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18. At the cellular level, contradictory results have been published. However, no study has comprehensively monitored NLRP3 inflammasome activation at the basal level and after ex vivo reactivation of whole blood monocytes and neutrophils focusing on ICU patients with bacterial and viral sepsis, including a longitudinal analysis. Thus, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study, examining NLRP3 inflammasome functionality in COVID-19 ICU patients (n = 15) and bacterial septic shock patients (n = 17) during the first week of ICU hospitalization, compared with healthy donors. Using two whole-blood flow cytometry assays, we detected ASC speck-positive monocytes (i.e., monocytes presenting the polymerization of ASC proteins) and activated caspase-1 in polymorphonuclear cells as read-outs, both at baseline and following nigericin stimulation, a drug that forms pores and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our findings showed that, at baseline and regardless of the type of infection, patients exhibited reduced ASC speck-positive monocytes and decreased activated caspase-1 in PMN compared to healthy volunteers. This decrease was prominent at day 0. Following nigericin stimulation, this reduction was also observed and persisted throughout the first week of hospitalization, irrespective of the cellular population or parameter being considered. Notably, at day 0, this diminished activation and response to stimulation of NLRP3 was associated with a higher 28-day mortality rate. Consequently, our observations highlighted a concurrent decline in both basal expression and ex vivo activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in circulating myeloid cells from patients with bacterial and viral sepsis in association with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, 69437 Lyon, France; (R.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
- EA 7426 “Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression” (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-Biomérieux, 69437 Lyon, France; (A.-C.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, 69437 Lyon, France; (R.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
- EA 7426 “Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression” (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-Biomérieux, 69437 Lyon, France; (A.-C.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 “Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression” (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-Biomérieux, 69437 Lyon, France; (A.-C.L.); (F.B.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F. Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, 69002 Lyon, France; (L.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, 69002 Lyon, France; (L.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Frank Bidar
- EA 7426 “Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression” (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-Biomérieux, 69437 Lyon, France; (A.-C.L.); (F.B.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, 69437 Lyon, France; (R.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, 69437 Lyon, France; (R.C.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
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Riff A, Haem Rahimi M, Delignette MC, Gossez M, Coudereau R, Pantel S, Antonini T, Villeret F, Zoulim F, Mabrut JY, Dumortier J, Venet F, Lebossé F, Monneret G. Assessment of neutrophil subsets and immune checkpoint inhibitor expressions on T lymphocytes in liver transplantation: A preliminary study beyond the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1095723. [PMID: 37064910 PMCID: PMC10097891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1095723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced stages of cirrhosis are characterized by the occurrence of progressive immune alterations known as CAID (Cirrhosis Associated Immune Dysfunction). In advanced cirrhosis, liver transplantation (LT) remains the only curative treatment. Sepsis, shares many similarities with decompensated cirrhosis in terms of immuno-inflammatory response. In both conditions, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor outcomes. Based on alterations in sepsis, we hypothesized that we could observe in cirrhotic and LT patients more detailed neutrophil and lymphocyte phenotypes. To this end, along with leukocyte count, we assessed immature neutrophils, LOX-1+ MDSC and PD-1 and TIM-3 lymphocyte expressions in cirrhotic patients before transplantation in association with liver disease severity and during the first month after transplantation. Methods: We conducted a prospective monocentric study including cirrhotic patients registered on LT waiting-list. Blood samples were collected at enrolment before LT and for 1 month post-LT. In addition to NLR, we assessed by whole blood flow cytometry the absolute count of immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC as well as the expressions of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 on T lymphocytes. Results: We included 15 healthy volunteers (HV) and 28 patients. LT was performed for 13 patients. Pre-LT patients presented with a higher NLR compared to HV and NLR was associated with cirrhosis severity. Increased immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC counts were observed in the most severe patients. These alterations were mainly associated with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. PD-1 and TIM-3 expressions on T lymphocytes were not different between patients and HV. Post-LT immune alterations were dominated by a transitory but tremendous increase of NLR and immature neutrophils during the first days post-LT. Then, immune checkpoint receptors and LOX-1+ MDSC tended to be overexpressed by the second week after surgery. Conclusion: The present study showed that NLR, immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC counts along with T lymphocyte count and checkpoint inhibitor expression were altered in cirrhotic patients before and after LT. These data illustrate the potential interest of immune monitoring of cirrhotic patients in the context of LT in order to better define risk of sepsis. For this purpose, larger cohorts of patients are now necessary in order to move forward a more personalised care of LT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Riff
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Riff,
| | - Muzhda Haem Rahimi
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Delignette
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Pantel
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Teresa Antonini
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - François Villeret
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mabrut
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jérome Dumortier
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fanny Lebossé
- Hepatology Department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Medical School, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Chemarin M, Dufies O, Mazet A, Mellan E, Coudereau R, Py BF, Boyer L, Venet F. [Role of inflammasome NLRP3 in the pathophysiology of viral infections: A focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:545-552. [PMID: 35766852 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is one of the best characterized innate immune cytosolic sensor. As part of the innate immune response, the NLRP3 inflammasome detects a wide range of danger signals such as pathogens, tissue damages, cellular stress. The priming and activation of NLRP3 lead to the formation of an oligomeric intracellular complex and to the recruitment and activation of caspase-1. Once activated, not only this inflammasome complex controls the processing and release of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1β and IL-18, but also the inflammatory cell death pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin D pores. In this review, we describe the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in viral infections with a particular interest on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we present therapies evaluated or under evaluation targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway as COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Chemarin
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anastassia Mazet
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Mellan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot - Hospices civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France - EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices civils de Lyon - BioMérieux, Unité Mixte de Recherche HCLBioMérieux, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France - Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot - Hospices civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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Venet F, Gossez M, Bidar F, Bodinier M, Coudereau R, Lukaszewicz AC, Tardiveau C, Brengel-Pesce K, Cheynet V, Cazalis MA, Pescarmona R, Garnier L, Ortillon M, Buisson M, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Morfin-Sherpa F, Casalegno JS, Conti F, Rimmelé T, Argaud L, Cour M, Saadatian-Elahi M, Henaff L, Vanhems P, Monneret G. T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 persists after one year in patients surviving severe COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103967. [PMID: 35349827 PMCID: PMC8957405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In critically ill COVID-19 patients, the initial response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by major immune dysfunctions. The capacity of these severe patients to mount a robust and persistent SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response despite the presence of severe immune alterations during the ICU stay is unknown. METHODS Critically ill COVID-19 patients were sampled five times during the ICU stay and 9 and 13 months afterwards. Immune monitoring included counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, HLA-DR expression on monocytes, plasma IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and T cell proliferation in response to three SARS-CoV-2 antigens. FINDINGS Despite the presence of major lymphopenia and decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression during the ICU stay, convalescent critically ill COVID-19 patients consistently generated adaptive and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 maintained for more than one year after hospital discharge. Patients with long hospital stays presented with stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response but no difference in anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG levels. INTERPRETATION Convalescent critically ill COVID-19 patients consistently generated a memory immune response against SARS-CoV-2 maintained for more than one year after hospital discharge. In recovered individuals, the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response was dependent on length of hospital stay. FUNDING This observational study was supported by funds from the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fondation HCL, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University and Région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes and by partial funding by REACTing (Research and ACTion targeting emerging infectious diseases) INSERM, France and a donation from Fondation AnBer (http://fondationanber.fr/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69437 CEDEX 03, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69437 CEDEX 03, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frank Bidar
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France; Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Maxime Bodinier
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69437 CEDEX 03, France; EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France; Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Claire Tardiveau
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Karen Brengel-Pesce
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Valérie Cheynet
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Marie-Angélique Cazalis
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Rémi Pescarmona
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Immunology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud University Hospital - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Lorna Garnier
- Immunology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud University Hospital - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marine Ortillon
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69437 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Marielle Buisson
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lyon (CIC 1407 Inserm), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69677, France
| | - Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp
- Virology Laboratory, CNR des virus des infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Morfin-Sherpa
- Virology Laboratory, CNR des virus des infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Casalegno
- Virology Laboratory, CNR des virus des infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Filippo Conti
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France; Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Medical intensive Care Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Medical intensive Care Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service Hygiène, Epidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Laetitia Henaff
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service Hygiène, Epidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Service Hygiène, Epidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon 69437, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital E. Herriot - Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 place d'Arsonval, Lyon 69437 CEDEX 03, France; EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon 69003, France
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7
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Coudereau R, Waeckel L, Cour M, Rimmele T, Pescarmona R, Fabri A, Jallades L, Yonis H, Gossez M, Lukaszewicz AC, Argaud L, Venet F, Monneret G. Emergence of immunosuppressive LOX-1+ PMN-MDSC in septic shock and severe COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:489-496. [PMID: 33909917 PMCID: PMC8242532 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4covbcr0321-129r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties. In cancer patients, the expression of lectin‐type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX‐1) on granulocytic MDSC identifies a subset of MDSC that retains the most potent immunosuppressive properties. The main objective of the present work was to explore the presence of LOX‐1+ MDSC in bacterial and viral sepsis. To this end, whole blood LOX‐1+ cells were phenotypically, morphologically, and functionally characterized. They were monitored in 39 coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19, viral sepsis) and 48 septic shock (bacterial sepsis) patients longitudinally sampled five times over a 3 wk period in intensive care units (ICUs). The phenotype, morphology, and immunosuppressive functions of LOX‐1+ cells demonstrated that they were polymorphonuclear MDSC. In patients, we observed the significant emergence of LOX‐1+ MDSC in both groups. The peak of LOX‐1+ MDSC was 1 wk delayed with respect to ICU admission. In COVID‐19, their elevation was more pronounced in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The persistence of these cells may contribute to long lasting immunosuppression leaving the patient unable to efficiently resolve infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmele
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Pescarmona
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, PierreBénite, France
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Jallades
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Hematology Laboratory, PierreBénite, France
| | - Hodane Yonis
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Department
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,International Research Center on Infectiology (CIRI), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Team "NLRP3 inflammation and immune response to sepsis, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
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- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,International Research Center on Infectiology (CIRI), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Team "NLRP3 inflammation and immune response to sepsis, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Lyon, France
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Fabri A, Kandara K, Coudereau R, Gossez M, Abraham P, Monard C, Cour M, Rimmelé T, Argaud L, Monneret G, Venet F. Characterization of Circulating IL-10-Producing Cells in Septic Shock Patients: A Proof of Concept Study. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615009. [PMID: 33613540 PMCID: PMC7890231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a worldwide health priority characterized by the occurrence of severe immunosuppression associated with increased risk of death and secondary infections. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine which plasma concentration is increased in septic patients in association with deleterious outcomes. Despite studies evaluating IL-10 production in specific subpopulations of purified cells, the concomitant description of IL-10 production in monocytes and lymphocytes in septic patients' whole blood has never been performed. In this pilot study, we characterized IL-10 producing leukocytes in septic shock patients through whole blood intracellular staining by flow cytometry. Twelve adult septic shock patients and 9 healthy volunteers were included. Intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and IL-10 productions after lipopolysaccharide stimulation by monocytes and IL-10 production after PMA/Ionomycine stimulation by lymphocytes were evaluated. Standard immunomonitoring (HLA-DR expression on monocytes, CD4+ T lymphocyte count) of patients was also performed. TNFα expression by stimulated monocytes was reduced in patients compared with controls while IL-10 production was increased. This was correlated with a reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression. B cells, CD4+, and CD4- T lymphocytes were the three circulating IL-10 producing lymphocyte subsets in both patients and controls. No difference in IL-10 production between patients and controls was observed for B and CD4- T cells. However, IL-10 production by CD4+ T lymphocytes significantly increased in patients in parallel with reduced CD4+ T cells number. Parameters reflecting altered monocyte (increased IL-10 production, decreased HLA-DR expression and decreased TNFα synthesis) and CD4+ T lymphocyte (increased IL-10 production, decreased circulating number) responses were correlated. Using a novel technique for intracellular cytokine measurement in whole blood, our results identify monocytes and CD4+ T cells as the main IL-10 producers in septic patients' whole blood and illustrate the development of a global immunosuppressive profile in septic shock. Overall, these preliminary results add to our understanding of the global increase in IL-10 production induced by septic shock. Further research is mandatory to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to such increased IL-10 production in monocytes and CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Fabri
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Khalil Kandara
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paul Abraham
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Monard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Cour
- Medical Intensive Care Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Medical Intensive Care Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression", Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Benlyamani I, Venet F, Coudereau R, Gossez M, Monneret G. Monocyte HLA-DR Measurement by Flow Cytometry in COVID-19 Patients: An Interim Review. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1217-1221. [PMID: 33125816 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several months after the sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, the understanding of the appropriate host immune response to a virus totally unknown of human immune surveillance is still of major importance. By international definition, COVID-19 falls in the scope of septic syndromes (organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to an infection) in which immunosuppression is a significant driver of mortality. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is mostly defined and monitored by the measurement of decreased expression of HLA-DR molecules on circulating monocytes (mHLA-DR). In this interim review, we summarize the first mHLA-DR results in COVID-19 patients. In critically ill patients, results homogenously indicate a decreased mHLA-DR expression, which, along with profound lymphopenia and other functional alterations, is indicative of a status of immunosuppression. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsane Benlyamani
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA7426, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA7426, Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA7426, Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA7426, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital E. Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA7426, Lyon, France
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Monneret G, de Marignan D, Coudereau R, Bernet C, Ader F, Frobert E, Gossez M, Viel S, Venet F, Wallet F. Immune monitoring of interleukin-7 compassionate use in a critically ill COVID-19 patient. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1001-1003. [PMID: 32728202 PMCID: PMC7387803 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Monneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
| | - Donatien de Marignan
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Coudereau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Bernet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of infectious Diseases, North University Hospital, Lyon, France.,International Center of Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Frobert
- International Center of Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Virology, Infective Agents Institute, North University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- International Center of Research in Infectiology (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS-UMR 5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, 69495, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Wallet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lyon, France
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