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Roy K, Kajgrova L, Capkova L, Zabransky L, Petraskova E, Dvorak P, Nahlik V, Kuebutornye FKA, Blabolil P, Blaha M, Vrba J, Mraz J. Synergistic digestibility effect by planktonic natural food and habitat renders high digestion efficiency in agastric aquatic consumers. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172105. [PMID: 38556011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A digestibility enhancing effect of natural food on stomachless fish model (Cyprinus carpio) was verified by fluorogenic substrate assays of enzymatic activities in experimental pond carp gut flush and planktonic food over a full vegetative season. Then compared with size-matched conspecific grown artificially (tank carp) and an advanced omnivore species possessing true stomach (tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). Results suggested activities of digestive enzymes (except amylolytic) were significantly higher in pond carp (p ≤ 0.05) than in the size-matched tank carp. Even compared to tilapia, pond carp appeared superior (p < 0.05; proteolytic or chitinolytic activities) or comparable (p > 0.05; phosphatase or cellulolytic activities). Amylolytic, chitinolytic, and phosphatases activities in pond carp gut significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01) over season. Several orders-of-magnitude higher enzymatic activities were detected in planktonic natural food than expressed in carp gut. Amino acid markers in planktonic food revealed a higher share of zooplankton (microcrustaceans), but not phytoplankton, synchronized with higher activities of complex polysaccharide-splitting enzymes (cellulolytic and chitinolytic) in fish gut. Periods of clear water phase low in chlorophyll-a and nutrients, but high in certain zooplankton (preferably cladocerans), may create a synergistic digestibility effect in pond carp. We conclude aquatic ecosystem components (natural food, water, microbiota) enhance fishes' hydrolyzing capabilities of C/N/P macromolecules and even their complex polymers such as cellulose, chitin, and maybe phytate (to be validated), to the extent that being stomachless is not an issue. Aquatic nutritional ecologists may consider that laboratory-based understandings of digestibility may underestimate digestion efficiency of free-ranging fish in ponds or lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Kajgrova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Capkova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Zabransky
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Petraskova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Nahlik
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Kofi Agbeko Kuebutornye
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Blabolil
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Blaha
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vrba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mraz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Roy K, Das K, Petraskova E, Kouba A. Protein from whole-body crayfish homogenate may be a high supplier of leucine or branched-chain amino acids - A call for validation on genus Procambarus sp. Food Chem 2023; 427:136728. [PMID: 37393634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), particularly leucine (Leu) have been investigated for their role in enhancing human myofibrillar protein synthesis and biomedical research on tumor models. However, only a few protein sources in our current food system have high enough BCAA or Leu coefficients (% of total amino acids) to be considered as supplements for food, sport, or biomedical research. Mostly dairy-sourced proteins such as casein and whey or rarely plant source such as maize gluten are typically regarded as the gold standards. This study hypothesized that protein isolates derived from the whole-body homogenate (including the chitinous exoskeleton) of procambarid crayfish might exhibit unusually high BCAA and Leu content. The study provides open-access data on the amino acid compositions of two procambarid crayfish (Procambarus virginalis and P. clarkii), as well as a comparison with casein. The mentioned crayfish species could offer 6.36-7.39 g Leu 100 g-1 dry matter (at 43-48% protein only). Crayfish whole-body protein isolates exhibit a Leu coefficient (18.41±2.51% of total amino acids) and a BCAA coefficient (28.76±2.39% of total amino acids), which is comparable to or higher than of casein (Leu coefficient 8.65±0.08%; BCAA coefficient 20.03±0.73%). However, it is important to interpret these results with caution, due to the challenges associated with leucine and isoleucine separation, as well as potential interactions within the sample matrices. Hence, international validation of these findings is recommended. NOVELTY STATEMENT: Protein isolates from whole-body homogenate (including chitinous exoskeleton) of P. virginalis and/or P. clarkii are hypothesized to be dense in BCAA and Leu. For potential use in biomedical research or as additives in supplements for BCAA and Leu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic.
| | - Koushik Das
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Petraskova
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kouba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany 389 25, Czech Republic.
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