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Geric I, Tyurina YY, Krysko O, Krysko DV, De Schryver E, Kagan VE, Van Veldhoven PP, Baes M, Verheijden S. Lipid homeostasis and inflammatory activation are disturbed in classically activated macrophages with peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency. Immunology 2017; 153:342-356. [PMID: 28940384 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is characterized by pronounced metabolic adaptation. Classically activated macrophages show decreased rates of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and acquire a glycolytic state together with their pro-inflammatory phenotype. In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages require oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for their anti-inflammatory function. Although it is evident that mitochondrial metabolism is regulated during macrophage polarization and essential for macrophage function, little is known on the regulation and role of peroxisomal β-oxidation during macrophage activation. In this study, we show that peroxisomal β-oxidation is strongly decreased in classically activated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and mildly induced in alternatively activated BMDM. To examine the role of peroxisomal β-oxidation in macrophages, we used Mfp2-/- BMDM lacking the key enzyme of this pathway. Impairment of peroxisomal β-oxidation in Mfp2-/- BMDM did not cause lipid accumulation but rather an altered distribution of lipid species with very-long-chain fatty acids accumulating in the triglyceride and phospholipid fraction. These lipid alterations in Mfp2-/- macrophages led to decreased inflammatory activation of Mfp2-/- BMDM and peritoneal macrophages evidenced by impaired production of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but did not affect anti-inflammatory polarization. The disturbed inflammatory responses of Mfp2-/- macrophages did not affect immune cell infiltration, as mice with selective elimination of MFP2 from myeloid cells showed normal monocyte and neutrophil influx upon challenge with zymosan. Together, these data demonstrate that peroxisomal β-oxidation is involved in fine-tuning the phenotype of macrophages, probably by influencing the dynamic lipid profile during macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Geric
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olga Krysko
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, The Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Hospital, Ghent University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, VIB, Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyn De Schryver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, LIPIT, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, LIPIT, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Verheijden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mezzar S, De Schryver E, Asselberghs S, Meyhi E, Morvay PL, Baes M, Van Veldhoven PP. Phytol-induced pathology in 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) deficient mice. Evidence for a second non-HACL1-related lyase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017. [PMID: 28629946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase (HACL1) is a key enzyme of the peroxisomal α-oxidation of phytanic acid. To better understand its role in health and disease, a mouse model lacking HACL1 was investigated. Under normal conditions, these mice did not display a particular phenotype. However, upon dietary administration of phytol, phytanic acid accumulated in tissues, mainly in liver and serum of KO mice. As a consequence of phytanic acid (or a metabolite) toxicity, KO mice displayed a significant weight loss, absence of abdominal white adipose tissue, enlarged and mottled liver and reduced hepatic glycogen and triglycerides. In addition, hepatic PPARα was activated. The central nervous system of the phytol-treated mice was apparently not affected. In addition, 2OH-FA did not accumulate in the central nervous system of HACL1 deficient mice, likely due to the presence in the endoplasmic reticulum of an alternate HACL1-unrelated lyase. The latter may serve as a backup system in certain tissues and account for the formation of pristanic acid in the phytol-fed KO mice. As the degradation of pristanic acid is also impaired, both phytanoyl- and pristanoyl-CoA levels are increased in liver, and the ω-oxidized metabolites are excreted in urine. In conclusion, HACL1 deficiency is not associated with a severe phenotype, but in combination with phytanic acid intake, the normal situation in man, it might present with phytanic acid elevation and resemble a Refsum like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mezzar
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelyn De Schryver
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanny Asselberghs
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Meyhi
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petruta L Morvay
- LIPIT, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Van Veldhoven PP, Mezzar S, De Schryver E. RP-HPLC-fluorescence based assays of enzymes producing aliphatic aldehydes—application to SGPL1 and HACL1. Chem Phys Lipids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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