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De Ravin E, Phan HAT, Harmsen S, Cho SS, Teng CW, Petersson EJ, White C, Galban EM, Hess R, Lee JYK. Somatostatin Receptor as a Molecular Imaging Target in Human and Canine Cushing Disease. World Neurosurg 2021; 149:94-102. [PMID: 33601082 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluorescence-guided surgery may improve completeness of resection in transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease (CD) by enabling visualization of residual tumor tissue at the margins. In this review we discuss somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) as targets for fluorescence-guided surgery and overview existing SSTR-specific imaging agents. We also compare SSTR expression in normal pituitary and corticotrophinoma tissues from human and canine CD patients to assess canines as a translational model for CD. METHODS A PubMed literature search was conducted for publications containing the terms canine, somatostatin receptor, Cushing's disease, and corticotroph adenoma. SSTR expression data from each study was documented as the presence or absence of expression or, when possible, the number of tumors expressing a given SSTR subtype within a group of tumors being studied. Studies that used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify SSTR expression were selected for additional comparative analysis. RESULTS SSTR5 is strongly expressed in human corticotroph adenomas and weakly expressed in surrounding pituitary parenchyma, a pattern not conclusively observed in canine patients. SSTR2 mRNA expression is similar in human normal pituitary and corticotrophinoma cells but may be significantly higher in canine normal pituitary tissue than in corticotroph tumoral tissue. Limited data were available on SSTR subtypes 1, 3, and 4. CONCLUSIONS Further studies must fill the knowledge gaps related to species-specific SSTR expression, so using canine CD as a translational model may be premature. We do conclude that the expression profile of SSTR5 (i.e., high local expression in pituitary adenomas relative to normal surrounding tissues) makes SSTR5 a promising molecular target for FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma De Ravin
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hoang Anh T Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Harmsen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steve S Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clare W Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caitlin White
- Department of Endocrinology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Evelyn M Galban
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecka Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Lawson BS, Galban EM, Mittelman NS, Benedicenti L, Petesch SC, Carroll AB, Punt JA, Luo J, Garden OA. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell and regulatory T cell frequencies in canine myasthenia gravis: A pilot study. Vet J 2020; 267:105581. [PMID: 33375962 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Little is known about its cellular pathogenesis in dogs. This study provides the first preliminary assessment of the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of dogs with seropositive generalized MG. No alteration in frequency of either MDSCs or Tregs in dogs with MG was observed when compared to those in either seronegative dogs with diagnoses other than MG, or healthy dogs. A longitudinal study in three dogs with MG revealed no correlation between the relative numbers of either population and the clinical course of disease. Neither the frequency of MDSCs nor of Tregs showed a correlation with anti-AChR antibody titer in dogs with MG. These findings suggest that aberrations in the frequency of either immunosuppressive population do not occur in MG, but they need to be validated in large-scale prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Brandon S Lawson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Evelyn M Galban
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Neil S Mittelman
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Leontine Benedicenti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Scott C Petesch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alicia B Carroll
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Punt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Corado CR, Pinkstaff J, Jiang X, Galban EM, Fisher SJ, Scholler O, Russell C, Bagel JH, ODonnell PA, Ory DS, Vite CH, Bradbury AM. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum glycosphingolipid biomarkers in canine globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe Disease). Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 102:103451. [PMID: 31794880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe disease, Krabbe's disease) is caused by genetic mutations in the gene encoding, galactosylceramidase (GALC). Deficiency of this enzyme results in central and peripheral nervous system pathology, and is characterized by loss of myelin and an infiltration of globoid cells. The canine model of GLD provides a translational model which faithfully recapitulates much of the human disease pathology. Targeted lipidomic analysis was conducted in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over the lifetime of GLD affected and normal canines, and in brain tissue at humane endpoint to better understand disease progression and identify potential biomarkers of disease. Psychosine, a substrate of GALC and primary contributor to the pathology in GLD, was observed to be significantly elevated in the serum and CSF by 2 or 4 weeks of age, respectively, and steadily increased over the lifetime of affected animals. Importantly, psychosine concentration strongly correlated with disease severity. Galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, and lactosylceramide were also found to be elevated in the CSF of affected animals and increased with age. Psychosine and galactosylceramide were found to be significantly increased in brain tissue at humane endpoint. This study identified several biomarkers which may be useful in the development of therapeutics for GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley R Corado
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, United States of America
| | - Jason Pinkstaff
- AnaptysBio, Inc., 10421 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, CA 92121, United States of America
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Evelyn M Galban
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Samantha J Fisher
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Oriane Scholler
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, United States of America
| | - Chris Russell
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, United States of America
| | - Jessica H Bagel
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Patricia A ODonnell
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Charles H Vite
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Allison M Bradbury
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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Tun AE, Benedicenti L, Galban EM. Pasteurella Multocida meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog secondary to severe periodontal disease. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1137-1141. [PMID: 29881583 PMCID: PMC5986014 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida can cause meningoencephalomyelitis in canine patients with severe periodontal disease. Fever and neutrophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid are likely, and blood culture and/or empiric antibiotic therapy are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Tun
- School of Veterinary MedicineMatthew J. Ryan Veterinary HospitalUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Leontine Benedicenti
- School of Veterinary MedicineMatthew J. Ryan Veterinary HospitalUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Evelyn M. Galban
- School of Veterinary MedicineMatthew J. Ryan Veterinary HospitalUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Benedicenti L, Gianotti G, Galban EM. Comparison between cerebrospinal fluid and serum lactate concentrations in neurologic dogs with and without structural intracranial disease. Can J Vet Res 2018; 82:97-101. [PMID: 29755188 PMCID: PMC5914086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid lactate and serum concentrations in dogs with clinical signs of central nervous system disease and to establish if cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSF) concentrations are higher in dogs with structural intracranial disease (Group Pos-MRI) compared to dogs that have clinical signs of intracranial disease but no structural brain disease (Group Neg-MRI) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Using a prospective study canine blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected in 24 dogs with neurological signs after undergoing brain MRI. Dogs were divided in 2 groups. No significant difference between serum lactate (1.57 ± 0.9 mmol/L) and CSF lactate concentration (1.34 ± 0.3 mmol/L) was detected. There was a direct correlation between CSF and serum lactate concentration (R = 0.731; P = 0.01). No significant difference was found in CSF lactate concentration between the 2 groups of dogs (P = 0.13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine Benedicenti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA
| | - Giacomo Gianotti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA
| | - Evelyn M Galban
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6009, USA
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Benedicenti L, Galban EM. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? Intracranial cyst. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 247:1241-3. [PMID: 26594807 DOI: 10.2460/javma.247.11.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kent M, Glass EN, Haley AC, March P, Rozanski EA, Galban EM, Bertalan A, Platt SR. Ischemic stroke in Greyhounds: 21 cases (2007-2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 245:113-7. [PMID: 24941395 DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of ischemic stroke in Greyhounds and determine whether affected dogs had coagulation abnormalities and hypertension. DESIGN Multi-institutional, retrospective study. ANIMALS 21 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records (including diagnostic testing results) and MRI images of the brain were reviewed for Greyhounds with ischemic stroke that had been evaluated at 4 institutions. The proportion of Greyhounds with ischemic stroke was compared with the proportion of non-Greyhound dogs with ischemic stroke. Demographic information for dogs evaluated at each institution was obtained to determine the proportion of Greyhounds in the hospital populations. RESULTS 21 Greyhounds with ischemic stroke were identified. Abnormalities in coagulation were not identified in the 14 Greyhounds that underwent such testing. Systemic hypertension was identified in 6 of 14 Greyhounds that underwent such testing. No other abnormalities were identified by means of other routine diagnostic tests for Greyhounds. For all institutions combined, the prevalence of ischemic stroke in Greyhounds was 0.66% (21/3,161 Greyhounds). Greyhounds were significantly more likely to be evaluated because of ischemic stroke, compared with all other dog breeds combined (OR, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.2 to 10.2). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study suggested that Greyhounds were predisposed to ischemic stroke, compared with all other breeds combined. Coagulation abnormalities did not seem to contribute to ischemic stroke. Hypertension may have contributed to the development of ischemic stroke. Greyhounds with ischemic stroke should undergo measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure. Antihypertensive treatments may be warranted for such dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kent
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of stabilization surgery in an adult dog with occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM). STUDY DESIGN Clinical report. ANIMAL A 19-month-old, 25.5 kg, male castrated, Shiba Inu. METHODS Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging were used to identify and characterize OAAM. Using a ventral approach to the cranial cervical region 2 cortical bone screws were inserted from the axis into the malformed atlas and occiput. RESULTS Ambulation was conserved postoperatively. Within 4 weeks, neurologic examination was mostly normal except for decreased proprioception in the right pelvic limb. At 9 months, the dog retained an extended neck posture, but had no neurologic abnormalities. CONCLUSION OAAM should be considered as a differential diagnosis in an adult dog with cervical myelopathy. Surgical fixation with cortical bone screws using a ventral approach can be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Galban
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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