1
|
Datta S, Stoček R, Harea E. Parametrical Function Describing Influences of the Redistribution of Incorporated Oil for Rupture Process Reconstruction in Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061363. [PMID: 36987145 PMCID: PMC10055740 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is focused on finding (i) the tearing energy at rupture and (ii) the redistribution of incorporated paraffin oil on the ruptured surfaces as functions of (a) the initial oil concentration and (b) the speed of deformation to the total rupture in a uniaxially induced deformation to rupture on an initially homogeneously oil incorporated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. The aim is to understand the deforming speed of the rupture by calculating the concentration of the redistributed oil after rupture using infrared (IR) spectroscopy in an advanced continuation of a previously published work. The redistribution of the oil after tensile rupture for samples that have three different initial oil concentrations with a control sample that has no initial oil has been studied at three defined deformation speeds of rupture along with a cryo-ruptured sample. Single-edge notched tensile (SENT) specimens were used in the study. Parametric fittings of data at different deformation speeds were used to relate the concentration of the initial oil against the concentration of the redistributed oil. The novelty of this work is in the use of a simple IR spectroscopic method to reconstruct a fractographic process to rupture in relation to the speed of the deformation to rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Datta
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Stoček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Evghenii Harea
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harea E, Datta S, Stěnička M, Maloch J, Stoček R. The Influence of Local Strain Distribution on the Effective Electrical Resistance of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152411. [PMID: 34372015 PMCID: PMC8347155 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A monotonous relation between strain and measured electric resistance is highly appreciated in stretchable elastomer sensors. In real-life application the voids or technological holes of strained samples often induce non-homogeneous local strain. The present article focused on studying the effect of non-homogeneous local strain on measured direct current (DC) effective electric resistance (EER) on samples of natural rubber (NR), reinforced with 50, 60 and 70 phr of carbon black (CB). Samples were imparted geometrical inhomogeneities to obtain varied local strains. The resulting strain distribution was analyzed using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). EER exhibited a well-detectable influence of locations of inhomogeneities. Expectedly, the EER globally decreased with an increase in CB loading, but showed a steady increase as a function of strain for 50 and 60 phr over the complete testing protocol. Interestingly, for 70 phr of CB, under the same testing conditions, an alternating trend in EER was encountered. This newly observed behavior was explained through a novel hypothesis—“current propagation mode switching phenomenon”. Finally, experimentally measured EERs were compared with the calculated ones, obtained by summing the global current flow through a diversity of strain dependent resistive domains.
Collapse
|
3
|
Karakurt I, Ozaltin K, Vargun E, Kucerova L, Suly P, Harea E, Minařík A, Štěpánková K, Lehocky M, Humpolícek P, Vesel A, Mozetic M. Controlled release of enrofloxacin by vanillin-crosslinked chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blends. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 126:112125. [PMID: 34082942 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In transdermal drug delivery applications uniform drug distribution and sustained release are of great importance to decrease the side effects. In this direction in the present research, vanillin crosslinked chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend based matrix-type transdermal system was prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions for local delivery of enrofloxacin (ENR) drug. Subsequently, the properties including the morphology, chemical structure, thermal behavior, tensile strength, crosslinking degree, weight uniformity, thickness, swelling and drug release of the CS-PVA blend films before and after crosslinking were characterized. In vitro drug release profiles showed the sustained release of ENR by the incorporation of vanillin as a crosslinker into the CS-PVA polymer matrix. Furthermore, the release kinetic profiles revealed that the followed mechanism for all samples was Higuchi and the increase of vanillin concentration in the blend films resulted in the change of diffusion mechanism from anomalous transport to Fickian diffusion. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the investigated vanillin crosslinked CS-PVA matrix-type films are potential candidates for transdermal drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Karakurt
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Elif Vargun
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, 48000 Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Liliana Kucerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Evghenii Harea
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Štěpánková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Marian Lehocky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Humpolícek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miran Mozetic
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Datta S, Stoček R, Harea E, Kratina O, Stěnička M. Configuration of Novel Experimental Fractographic Reverse Engineering Approach Based on Relationship between Spectroscopy of Ruptured Surface and Fracture Behaviour of Rubber Sample. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13194445. [PMID: 33036408 PMCID: PMC7579395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel fractographic approach based on a combination of (i) mechanical behavior of cured rubber in uniaxial tensile loading and (ii) spectroscopy of fracture on a ruptured surface was experimentally validated. This approach related the migration of paraffin oil from a matrix to the ruptured rubber surface, to the tearing energy related to the deformation speed responsible for total rubber sample rupture, and the approach itself was configured experimentally. It was evaluated on cured natural rubber (NR) for two different paraffin oil concentrations. Single edge notched tensile (SENT) samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile loadings at two different deformation speeds. First, the tearing energy as a function of deformation speed was determined for each defined oil concentration. Secondly, at specific locations on the ruptured surfaces, infrared (IR) spectroscopy was performed to quantify a characteristic absorbance peak height of migrated paraffin oil during the rupture process. The results of the IR analyses were related to the deformation speed to understand the relation between the amount of migrated paraffin oil during the fracture process and the deformation speed which brought about such a fracture. This novel approach enhanced the reverse engineering process of rubber fracture related to the cause of tearing energies during critical failure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vargun E, Ozaltin K, Fei H, Harea E, Vilčáková J, Kazantseva N, Saha P. Biodegradable porous polylactic acid film as a separator for supercapacitors. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Vargun
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
- Department of ChemistryMugla Sitki Kocman University Mugla Turkey
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Haojie Fei
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Evghenii Harea
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vilčáková
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kazantseva
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Petr Saha
- Centre of Polymer SystemsTomas Bata University in Zlín Zlín Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|