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Karakurt I, Ozaltin K, Vargun E, Kucerova L, Suly P, Harea E, Minařík A, Štěpánková K, Lehocky M, Humpolícek P, Vesel A, Mozetic M. Controlled release of enrofloxacin by vanillin-crosslinked chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blends. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 126:112125. [PMID: 34082942 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In transdermal drug delivery applications uniform drug distribution and sustained release are of great importance to decrease the side effects. In this direction in the present research, vanillin crosslinked chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend based matrix-type transdermal system was prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions for local delivery of enrofloxacin (ENR) drug. Subsequently, the properties including the morphology, chemical structure, thermal behavior, tensile strength, crosslinking degree, weight uniformity, thickness, swelling and drug release of the CS-PVA blend films before and after crosslinking were characterized. In vitro drug release profiles showed the sustained release of ENR by the incorporation of vanillin as a crosslinker into the CS-PVA polymer matrix. Furthermore, the release kinetic profiles revealed that the followed mechanism for all samples was Higuchi and the increase of vanillin concentration in the blend films resulted in the change of diffusion mechanism from anomalous transport to Fickian diffusion. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the investigated vanillin crosslinked CS-PVA matrix-type films are potential candidates for transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Karakurt
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Elif Vargun
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, 48000 Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Liliana Kucerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Evghenii Harea
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Štěpánková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Marian Lehocky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Humpolícek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miran Mozetic
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Janků K, Kukleta M, Humpolícek P, Svoboda P, Sas I, Zámecník M. [Effects of mental stress on the health status of the accused during a criminal trial]. Cas Lek Cesk 2008; 147:278-283. [PMID: 18630185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A court-sworn medical expert is sometimes authorized to pass a medical judgement, whether an older, from serious diseases suffering accused is able to take part in the criminal trial proceedings. The court-sworn medical expert is required to consider the accused's fitness, his mental and physical ability to appear in court, to understand the trial, to answer the questions of the judge, to defend himself, to put questions and objections against the witness's testimony, etc. Such medical expert's opinion is usually a task for a psychiatrist. Judgement of the ability of the accused to take part in the main court trial is of another character, especially when the accused is suffering from a serious disease, e.g. cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, haematological, tumorous or other. In this case the medical judgement is usually required from a doctor of internal medicine. Nevertheless, this is not an easy task for him. As far as these problems are concerned, the expert gathers only little experience of his own during his juridical practice. Similar cases have been extremely sporadically published in medical or juridical literature and if, then in common sense only. It is evident that the expert must face any possible aggravation of the accused's difficulties. At the same time the expert ought to take care lest the court trial should be inadequately extended and even should prevent the accused's avoidance in the main court trial. This paper tries to determine the basic rules for the court-sworn experts in the branch of internal medicine and would like to facilitate them to judge under which circumstances a seriously ill accused may appear in trial proceedings without exposing him to a serious damage of his health or even endangerment of his life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Janků
- Traumatologická klinika LF MU, Brno.
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Abstract
Porcine myogenic differentiation genes (MYOD) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verner
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic.
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