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Cadmus S, Olagunju T, Makolo A, Akinseye V, Falodun T, Lawal O, Babalola O, Akingbesote S, Akinwumi A, Sokoya O, Moronfolu A, Kunle-Ope C, Osman E. NTBP: A Geo-Genomic Repository of TB Data in Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Noordin R, Osman E, Kalantari N, Anuar NS, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Sithithaworn P, Juri NM, Rahumatullah A. A point-of-care cassette test for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106251. [PMID: 34808116 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis worldwide. It may lead to a life-long infection in immunocompetent people and hyperinfection in immunosuppressed patients. A point-of-care (POC) rapid test is helpful for patient diagnosis in resource-limited settings and as a detection tool in elimination/control programs. Previously, we reported a rapid IgG4 dipstick test (Ss Rapid®) for Strongyloides suitable for a laboratory setting. A POC cassette format of the test, which is field-applicable, has since been developed. Here, we report on a laboratory-based evaluation of the Ss Rapid® cas sette test on 285 sera. We assessed the diagnostic sensitivity of the Ss Rapid® cas sette with 32 sera, comprising samples from larval and/or DNA positive individuals from three countries. Additionally, we also tested samples from 33 seropositive endemic areas residents. We evaluated the diagnostic specificity of the test using 220 samples, comprising sera from other infections (n = 101), allergy cases with high IgE antibodies (n = 4), and blood donors (n = 115). The test showed high diagnostic sensitivity (97%, 31/32), and all sera of the seropositive endemic residents were reactive. It also showed high diagnostic specificity (94.5%, 208/220), and all false-positive samples tested negative after sera adsorption using recombinant NIE-coated microsphere beads. Additionally, we showed that the test worked with spiked whole blood samples. The study results showed that the SsRapid® cas sette test merits further laboratory and field evaluations.
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Mohamed Yusoff PS, Osman E, Raja Sabudin RZA. Disseminated microsporidiosis: An underdiagnosed and emerging opportunistic disease. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:9-18. [PMID: 33903300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated microsporidiosis is a life-threatening disease resulting from the haematogenous spread of microsporidia species. The diagnosis is challenging owing to its subtle nonspecific clinical presentation, which usually reflects the underlying organ involved. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Besides, tools for confirmatory laboratory diagnosis are limited. Currently, there is no direct diagnostic method that can detect the infection without involving invasive procedures. Clinical confirmation of disseminated microsporidiosis is usually based on light and transmission electron microscopy of infected tissue specimens. These are then followed by species detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disseminated microsporidiosis shows the potential to be cleared up by albendazole or fumagillin if they are detected and treated early. Based on a series of case reports, this review aims to present a current update on disseminated microsporidiosis with emphasis on the clinical manifestations based on the organ system infected, diagnostic approach and treatment of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Mohamed Yusoff
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E Osman
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - R Z A Raja Sabudin
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hanson B, Kim J, Tiegs A, Osman E, Hong K, Scott R. The relationship between age and rates of abnormal fertilization following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Reprod Biomed Online 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Osman E. A model for the capacity building of Somalia midwifery educators through a blended, web-based Master Programme. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In most low-resource settings maternal and child mortality and morbidity are major public health concerns and closely related to sub-optimal care, and the most cost-effective response is to scale up women's access to quality midwifery care (Renfrew et al., 2014). It is further recognized that midwives educated per international standards, integrated in the health care system, and working in interdisciplinary teams in providing midwifery care could decrease maternal deaths (Renfrew et al., 2014). Somaliregion suffers from a shortage of qualified health care professionals, including midwives, the training of health care professionals is essential for the situation to improve. In this workshop, we will present the implementation of the Master Programme in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in three universities in Somaliland and Puntland as well as the impacts that a net-based program can have on individuals' professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Osman
- Department of Health Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zainudin NS, Nasarudin SNS, Periyasamy P, Moktar N, Noordin R, Osman E. Diagnosis of disseminated microsporidiosis: Detection of circulating Enterocytozoon bieneusi DNA in blood of HIV/AIDS patients. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:761-770. [PMID: 33579073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients is life-threatening. The incidence may be actually higher than what has been reported. This is due to non-specific presentations of the disseminated cases and also the insensitivity of routine diagnostic technique which contribute to delay in the treatment of the disease. In the present study, we report the use of blood specimens to detect circulating microsporidia DNA, which has not been reported for diagnosis of disseminated microsporidiosis. Blood samples from HIV/AIDSpositive patients were collected over a period of one year. These samples were subjected to PCR assay using species-specific primer EBIEF1/EBIER1. Out of 100 patients, seven were confirmed positive for E. bieneusi by PCR. A fragment of 607 bp was successfully amplified. Identification of circulating microsporidia DNA in blood samples may aid in early diagnosis, thereby allows timely administration of anti-parasitic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Zainudin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S N S Nasarudin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Periyasamy
- Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Moktar
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - E Osman
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hammad A, Osman E, Mosaad Y, Wahba M. Serum interleukin-17 in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus: is it related to pulmonary affection? Lupus 2016; 26:388-395. [PMID: 27587461 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316665709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective Pulmonary involvement in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is not an uncommon finding; however, subclinical affection occurs more frequently. Many studies have reported that cytokine dysregulation as interleukin-17 (IL-17) over-expression plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aim to assess serum levels of IL-17 A and their association with pulmonary involvement in children with SLE. Methods Serum IL-17A levels - determined by solid phase sandwich ELISA - were assessed in forty-two pSLE patients and compared to 45 age-matched healthy controls. All patients were subjected to pulmonary function tests to detect subclinical pulmonary affection. High-resolution CT (HRCT) chest scan was carried out in patients with abnormal pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and those with chronic respiratory symptoms. Results Abnormal PFTs were found in 73% of patients; of them, only 25% had abnormal findings in HRCT chest. Serum levels of IL-17 A were significantly elevated in pSLE patients as compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.001). The serum levels of IL-17 A had a highly significant positive correlation with SLEDAI ( r = 0.811 and p < 0.001) Strong negative correlation was found between serum levels of IL-17A with both FEV1 and FVC ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Serum IL-17A is elevated in pSLE patients, which correlates with disease activity. IL-17 seems to have a possible role in the pathogenesis of subclinical lung affection. Abnormal PFTS may be found in pSLE patients even with normal radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammad
- 1 Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - E Osman
- 2 Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Y Mosaad
- 3 Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - M Wahba
- 4 Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Adesokan HK, Cadmus EO, Adeyemi WB, Lawal O, Ogunlade C, Osman E, Olaleye OD, Cadmus SIB. Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2014; 43:45-50. [PMID: 26689165 PMCID: PMC4682880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- HK Adesokan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - EO Cadmus
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Primary Care, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
| | - WB Adeyemi
- Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Unit, Oyo State Ministry of Health, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O. Lawal
- Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Unit, Oyo State Ministry of Health, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - C.O. Ogunlade
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - E. Osman
- Damien Foundation Belgium in Nigeria
| | - OD Olaleye
- Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - SIB Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abdullah A, Ssefer V, Ertugrul U, Osman E, Esref A, Ugur CM, Adalet A, Yavuz Y, Faysal E, Nebahat T. Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with acute stroke. J PAK MED ASSOC 2013; 63:590-593. [PMID: 23757986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, and to locate any correlation between oxidant/antioxidant parameters and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at the Neurology Department of Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, from June 2010 to June 2011. Blood samples were obtained from 53 patients with ischaemic stroke and 40 healthy controls without any history of ischaemic stroke or systemic disease. Venous blood was obtained within 24 hour after stroke onset. Serum malondialdehyde, total anti-oxidant capacity, paraoxanase and superoxide dismutase were measured. SPSS 11.5 used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no difference between the cases and the controls regarding age [64.5 +/- 15.8 and 66.3 +/- 13.9 respectively], gender [27 (51%) / 26 (49%), and 19 (48%) / 21 (52%) respectively], obesity [15(28.3%) and 13(37.5%), respectively], and hypertension [30 (56.6%) and 23 (57.5%), respectively]. The cases had higher concentrations of malondialdehyde (147.3 +/- 59.3 vs. 112.4 +/- 28.5 nmol/gr protein, p < 0.001), and superoxide dismutase (4.40 +/- 0.79 vs. 3.35 +/- 0.51, p < 0.001) compared to the controls. However, the cases had lower concentrations of paraoxanase (23.2 +/- 23.7 vs 64.7 +/- 52.6, p < 0.001), total anti-oxidant capacity (0.77 +/- 0.38 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.30, p < 0.015), and nitric oxide (10.8 +/- 7.1 vs. 17.5 +/- 2.4 micromol/gr protein, p < 0.001), compared to the controls. In the stroke group, a significant negative correlation was found between the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and total anti-oxidant capacity activity (p < 0.021, r = -0.32). CONCLUSION The results support the hypothesis that sufficient anti-oxidant capacity has a beneficial effect on the clinical severity of acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acar Abdullah
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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Sambasivan K, Osman E. A young man becomes short of breath and yellow. BMJ 2011; 342:d2637. [PMID: 21593100 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Sambasivan
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex SS16 5NL, UK.
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Dahab M, Osman E, Koko W. PP-175 Transmission patterns of Trichomonas vaginalis among women population in Khartoum State. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(10)60243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Li W, Osman E, Forssell C, Yuan XM. Abstract: P287 THROMBIN RECEPTOR (PAR1), TISSUE FACTOR AND IRON BINDING PROTEINS IN HUMAN CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aref S, Osman E, Mansy S, Omer N, Azmy E, Goda T, El-Sherbiny M. Prognostic relevance of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Hematol Oncol 2007; 25:121-6. [PMID: 17497745 DOI: 10.1002/hon.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were postulated to have important implication in progression and invasiveness of many malignant disorders. On the other hand the biological role of MMP-2 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not fully clear. Serum samples from 37 adult patients with AML had been taken before chemotherapy was administered. In addition 20 out of the 37 patients were analysed again after achieving complete remission (CR). Ten samples from healthy volunteers were evaluated as the control. Total MMP-2 levels were measured using ELISA Kit obtained from R&D system. MMP-2 serum levels were significantly lower in pretreatment AML patients than that in the normal controls (p = 0.000) and in CR (p = 0.007). No significant correlations were detected between pretreatment sMMP-2 levels and FAB subtypes, peripheral blood blast cell counts, peripheral blood WBCs, bone marrow blast cell counts or blast cell distribution ratio. The prognostic value of MMP-2 was evaluated by dividing AML patients into high and low MMP-2 groups using the pretreatment median MMP-2 level of the AML group as the cut-off. The authors found that patients in the high group survived for a significantly shorter time than those patients in the lower MMP-2 group. High pretreatment levels of sMMP-2 among AML patients were associated with poor survival. Prospective studies are recommended to establish the clinical value of longitudinal sMMP-2 measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- Mansoura Cancer Institute; Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Abstract
We report a patient with epistaxis who used cotton wool to pack his nose before reaching the hospital, and underwent further packing in the accident and emergency department, which probably pushed the cottonwool further back. This led to the formation of foreign body granuloma inside the nasal cavity. It is difficult to examine the nose without proper equipment and experience, and the examination is more difficult in the presence of active bleeding to find a foreign body such as cotton wool. Hence, it is important to ask the patient about any temporary pack they have used in the nose and to look for and remove it before inserting a proper pack. It is also important for trainees to have a better understanding of the different levels of management of epistaxis. Hence, we propose the term "epistaxis management ladder" for easy understanding of the treatment of epistaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Aneeshkumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK.
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Clarke RW, Osman E. Paediatric otolaryngology in the UK - coming of age. Clin Otolaryngol 2005; 30:94-7. [PMID: 15839857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This prospective study was designed to identify important clinical features in patients with recurrent acute tonsillitis. A total of 195 consecutive children aged from 1 to 16 years were examined and a history of recurrent acute tonsillitis recorded. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea or recent acute tonsillitis were excluded. Tonsil size was measured on the Brodsky scale [Brodsky L. (1989) Paediatr Clin N Am 36, 1551], tonsil symmetry, cervical lymphadenopathy, and hyperaemia of the anterior pillars was recorded. Patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis had larger tonsils than those without tonsillitis (P < 0.001). Tonsil asymmetry and cervical lymphadenopathy were more common in patients with recurrent tonsillitis (P < 0.001). Anterior pillar hyperaemia was also more frequent in recurrent tonsillitis (P < 0.01). In addition to the frequency and severity of tonsillitis it is suggested that the size and symmetry of the tonsils, plus cervical lymphadenopathy and anterior pillar hyperaemia should be taken into account when deciding which patients would benefit from tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Webb
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Liverpool Childrens Hospital, Alder Hey Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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Aneeshkumar MK, Osman E, Ghosh S, Clarke RW. Endoscopy: a must in neonatal respiratory distress. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 262:437-9. [PMID: 15378318 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-004-0849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress in a newborn presents both diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Definitive treatment must be preceded by an accurate diagnosis other than in extremes. Complete tracheal rings are a very rare congenital cause of airway obstruction. Unlike other causes of upper airway obstruction, this cannot be relieved by tracheostomy, which may be counterproductive. We report the case of an 8-day-old female baby who presented with respiratory distress and was found to have complete tracheal rings and right pulmonary agenesis. The value of tracheo-bronchoscopy in this case cannot be overstressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Aneeshkumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aldey Hey Hospital, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK.
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Osman E, Pearce AR, Jüttner M, Rentschler I. Reconstructing mental object representations: a machine vision approach to human visual recognition. Spat Vis 2001; 13:277-86. [PMID: 11198238 DOI: 10.1163/156856800741090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach to assess visual representations underlying the recognition of objects. Human performance is modeled by CLARET, a machine learning and matching system, based on inductive logic programming and graph matching principles. The model is applied to data of a learning experiment addressing the role of prior experience in the ontogenesis of mental object representations. Prior experience was varied in terms of sensory modality, i.e. visual versus haptic versus visuohaptic. The analysis revealed distinct differences between the representational formats used by subjects with haptic versus those with no prior object experience. These differences suggest that prior haptic exploration stimulates the evolution of object representations which are characterized by an increased differentiation between attribute values and a pronounced structural encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Osman
- Istitute of Medical Psychology, University of Munich, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cirrhosis is commonly associated with haemostatic dysfunction. The similarities of laboratory tests of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) to those found in cirrhosis has led to the belief that DIC is a feature of the haemostatic failure of cirrhosis. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine whether DIC is part of the coagulopathy of cirrhosis by applying quantitative tests for prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, antithrombin III, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and specific fribrinogen degradation products levels (XDP), as well as the thrombelastograph for detecting the Clot Lysis Index. RESULTS Fifty-two stable cirrhotic patients (33 men, 19 women; mean age, 58.8 yr; range, 24-72 yr) with differing etiologies were studied. On tests of thrombin generation: thrombin-antithrombin complexes, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 were not found to be significantly different from an age- and gender-matched control group (p = 0.18, 0.3, and 0.67, respectively), whereas albumin, Factor V, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and alpha2-antiplasmin were all significantly low (p = 0.0004, 0.002, 0.06, 0.004, and 0.004, respectively), reflecting reduced synthetic function and correlation in ascitic and non-ascitic patients. There was no correlation between impaired synthesis (antithrombin III and alpha2-antiplasmin) and indices of DIC (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and XDP) (p = not significant). The percentage of patients with high prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and thrombin antithrombin levels in each Child grade group was similar. Thrombin time was significantly elevated in the cirrhotic group (a manifestation of low fibrinogen levels). The Clot Lysis Index as measured by thrombelastography was significantly abnormal, indicating mild hyperfibrinolysis. CONCLUSION We conclude that DIC is not part of the coagulopathy in stable liver cirrhosis without recent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ben-Ari
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Osborne J, Osman E, Hill PD, Lee BWV. Is your snoring palatal? Snore sound Crest Factor gives the answer. Clin Otolaryngol 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.1999.00254-3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
We have developed a portable device for patient use in logging snoring loudness in the home, for guiding treatment decisions and measuring the clinical effectiveness of treatment. The device uses a free field microphone and is positioned on a bedside table. The prototype devices contain no inherently expensive components and are simple to operate (producing only 5% patient error to date). They are portable, battery powered, rugged and produce digital data which are easily and automatically analysed, and these design parameters enable the devices to be used for first line patient assessment. Of the 75 recordings made so far from 30 patients, 85% were successful, yielding clinically useful data. Because it is sound levels which are recorded and not replayable sounds, patient privacy is maintained, resulting in excellent patient acceptance (to date no patient has refused). The device has a dynamic range of 45-90 dB sound pressure level and a frequency range of 30 Hz-5 kHz. Because snoring intensities often vary significantly throughout the night the device can measure continuously over 8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Lee
- North Wales Medical Physics, Glan Clwyd DGH NHS Trust, Denbighshire, UK
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Abstract
IPRS is a freely available software system which consists of about 250 library functions in C, and a set of application programs. It is designed to run under UNIX and comes with full source code, system manual pages, and a comprehensive user's and programmer's guide. It is intended for use by researchers in human vision, pattern recognition, image processing, machine vision and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Caelli
- Department of Computer Science, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
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Ben-Ari Z, Panagou M, Patch D, Bates S, Osman E, Pasi J, Burroughs A. Hypercoagulability in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis evaluated by thrombelastography. J Hepatol 1997; 26:554-9. [PMID: 9075662 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis survive variceal bleeding better than patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and have less bleeding at liver transplantation. Recently, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have been found to have a higher incidence of thrombosis in the portal venous tree. We hypothesized that primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis patients may be hypercoagulable. METHODS We used thrombelastography, which is a simple technique for evaluating whole blood clotting and fibrinolysis, to establish if hypercoagulability was present, defined by thrombelastography values greater than 2SD over controls: r<19 mm (this reflects plasma clotting factors), maximum amplitude (ma) >60 mm, and alpha angle >43 degrees (these reflect platelets and fibrinogen levels). We evaluated 47 primary biliary cirrhosis and 21 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, 40 with non-cholestatic cirrhosis and 40 healthy subjects as control groups with thrombelastography, full blood count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and, fibrinogen concentrations. In those with hypercoagulability we evaluated protein S, C, anti-thrombin III levels and activated protein C phenotype. RESULTS All three thrombelastography abnormalities present together defined hypercoagulability: these were found in 13 of 47 (28%) primary biliary cirrhosis and in nine of 21 (43%) primary sclerosing cholangitis patients independent of cirrhosis, and bilirubin concentration, but in only 2 of 40 (5%) patients with noncholestatic cirrhosis and in none of the healthy controls (p<0.03 and p<0.0002, respectively). There was no correlation between the fibrinogen concentration (which was normal in all patients) or platelet count and the thrombelastography parameters. Only six of the 22 hypercoagulable patients had lower than normal values of protein S, C or antithrombin III. Activated protein C phenotype was normal in all. CONCLUSIONS This diffference between biliary and parenchymal liver disease may have clinical implications, which need to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ben-Ari
- Liver Transplantation & Hepatobiliary Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
The established biochemical effects of exogenous S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) are diverse and are still being explored in liver disease. Putative therapeutic effects could be exerted via different mechanisms. The established deficiency of SAMe synthetase in cirrhosis could by bypassed by exogenous SAMe, leading to increased levels of sulphur-containing amino acids and glutathione which would protect against oxidant stress and drug-induced hepatotoxicity (for example, paracetamol). Furthermore SAMe could act by improving membrane fluidity, and thus potentially improve or restore the function of receptors, enzymes and transporters in the cell surface. Membrane fluidity is known to be affected by alterations in cell membrane lipid composition in chronic liver disease. Very few therapeutic agents are effective for the symptomatic or specific treatment of chronic liver disease. SAMe has established biochemical and biophysical effects which in pilot studies ameliorate symptoms and biochemical parameters of cholestasis. Moreover, abnormalities in liver function tests (including transaminase values) also improve. Before SAMe can be considered as an established therapy for patients with hepatic disease, long-term controlled clinical trials of SAMe are needed to assess the benefit for patients' symptoms, well being, histological changes and progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Osman
- University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK
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Rafique S, Guardascione M, Osman E, Burroughs AK, Owen JS. Reversal of extrahepatic membrane cholesterol deposition in patients with chronic liver diseases by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 83:353-6. [PMID: 1327655 DOI: 10.1042/cs0830353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is reported to improve serum liver function tests in chronic liver disease. Because liver disease is complicated by cholesterol deposition in hepatic and extrahepatic membranes, we have assessed whether oral administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to patients with hepatic disease can reverse the cholesterol enrichment of their erythrocytes. 2. The mean erythrocyte cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio in 13 jaundiced patients was reduced 2 weeks after oral administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (from 0.874 +/- 0.112 to 0.844 +/- 0.102, P < 0.05) with 10 of the patients (77%) showing a decrease. By contrast, only four of 11 untreated patients (36%) had a reduced erythrocyte cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio after 2 weeks and the mean values did not differ. 3. The plasma and erythrocyte cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratios remained closely correlated (r = 0.77, P < 0.01) before and after treatment, suggesting that S-adenosyl-L-methionine had not acted directly on the cells but rather had improved their lipoprotein milieu. Further support for this concept was provided by following one patient, who initially failed to respond, during an additional 3 weeks of S-adenosyl-L-methionine administration. The plasma cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio fell steadily from week 1 to week 5 and was accompanied by a progressive decrease in the erythrocyte cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio. Moreover, the initially suppressed acetylcholinesterase activity of the erythrocyte membranes returned towards normal during this period. 4. This preliminary study is the first evidence in jaundiced patients that a drug can help to reverse the deposition of cholesterol in an extrahepatic membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rafique
- University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, U.K
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Osman E, El-Kady A, Kandil S. Restorative resins: strength versus quantity of residual monomer as evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. Eur Polym J 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(89)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Osman E, Tzuo H, Tzuo PL. Binaural masking of tones by tones: effects of uncertainty regarding the phase angle of addition of signal to masker. Percept Psychophys 1982; 31:567-72. [PMID: 7122192 DOI: 10.3758/bf03204190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Osman E, Tzuo PF, Tzuo HY. On the detection of a brief signal in the temporal center of a noise masker of varying duration. Percept Psychophys 1981; 30:372-4. [PMID: 7322816 DOI: 10.3758/bf03206153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Naguib YA, Darwish NA, Osman E, Nagui AR, Thabet SM, El-halafawy AA. Genital tract bleeding in IUD users and its relation to the device state. J Egypt Soc Obstet Gynecol 1979; 5:43-9. [PMID: 12309832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Khashaba AA, El-Shobaki FA, El-Basousy MM, Fahmi HA, Osman E, El-Shafie MM. Assessment of parameters of physical growth of the newborn in relation to maternal supplementation with iron alone or with some biological additives. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc 1976; 24:59-68. [PMID: 1024857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth charts were used for the assessment of physical growth of newborn infants in relation to maternal supplementation. Iron alone or with other additives (Copper, folic acid, ascorbic acid) were given during different trimesters of pregnancy. The study revealed that iron supplementation with or without other additives has an effective role in improving the haematological pattern in the neonates who also achieved better physical growth particularly with early supplementation with iron and ascorbic acid. Therefore, such supplementation is recommended.
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Osman E, Foda MS, Darwish NA, Kahil SA, Wassef SA. Low dosage gestagens in fertility control. Egypt Popul Fam Plann Rev 1970; 3:95-106. [PMID: 12254512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Osman E, Galambos R. Activation of auditory cortex by clicks after bilateral lesions of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. J Acoust Soc Am 1967; 42:512-514. [PMID: 6075944 DOI: 10.1121/1.1910609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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