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Hofmaier J, Walter F, Hadi I, Rottler M, von Bestenbostel R, Dedes G, Parodi K, Niyazi M, Belka C, Kamp F. PH-0598 Variance-based sensitivity analysis of inter-observer, range and setup variability in proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dickmann J, Kamp F, Hillbrand M, Corradini S, Belka C, Schulte RW, Parodi K, Dedes G, Landry G. Fluence-modulated proton CT optimized with patient-specific dose and variance objectives for proton dose calculation. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:064001. [PMID: 33545701 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abe3d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Particle therapy treatment planning requires accurate volumetric maps of the relative stopping power, which can directly be acquired using proton computed tomography (pCT). With fluence-modulated pCT (FMpCT) imaging fluence is concentrated in a region-of-interest (ROI), which can be the vicinity of the treatment beam path, and imaging dose is reduced elsewhere. In this work we present a novel optimization algorithm for FMpCT which, for the first time, calculates modulated imaging fluences for joint imaging dose and image variance objectives. Thereby, image quality is maintained in the ROI to ensure accurate calculations of the treatment dose, and imaging dose is minimized outside the ROI with stronger minimization penalties given to imaging organs-at-risk. The optimization requires an initial scan at uniform fluence or a previous x-ray CT scan. We simulated and optimized FMpCT images for three pediatric patients with tumors in the head region. We verified that the target image variance inside the ROI was achieved and demonstrated imaging dose reductions outside of the ROI of 74% on average, reducing the imaging dose from 1.2 to 0.3 mGy. Such dose savings are expected to be relevant compared to the therapeutic dose outside of the treatment field. Treatment doses were re-calculated on the FMpCT images and compared to treatment doses re-recalculated on uniform fluence pCT scans using a 1% criterion. Passing rates were above 98.3% for all patients. Passing rates comparing FMpCT treatment doses to the ground truth treatment dose were above 88.5% for all patients. Evaluation of the proton range with a 1 mm criterion resulted in passing rates above 97.5% (FMpCT/pCT) and 95.3% (FMpCT/ground truth). Jointly optimized fluence-modulated pCT images can be used for proton dose calculation maintaining the full dosimetric accuracy of pCT but reducing the required imaging dose considerably by three quarters. This may allow for daily imaging during particle therapy ensuring a safe and accurate delivery of the therapeutic dose and avoiding excess dose from imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dickmann
- Department of Medical Physics, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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Kroll C, Dietrich O, Bortfeldt J, Kamp F, Neppl S, Belka C, Parodi K, Baroni G, Paganelli C, Riboldi M. Integration of spatial distortion effects in a 4D computational phantom for simulation studies in extra-cranial MRI-guided radiation therapy: Initial results. Med Phys 2020; 48:1646-1660. [PMID: 33220073 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spatial distortions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are mainly caused by inhomogeneities of the static magnetic field, nonlinearities in the applied gradients, and tissue-specific magnetic susceptibility variations. These factors may significantly alter the geometrical accuracy of the reconstructed MR image, thus questioning the reliability of MRI for guidance in image-guided radiation therapy. In this work, we quantified MRI spatial distortions and created a quantitative model where different sources of distortions can be separated. The generated model was then integrated into a four-dimensional (4D) computational phantom for simulation studies in MRI-guided radiation therapy at extra-cranial sites. METHODS A geometrical spatial distortion phantom was designed in four modules embedding laser-cut PMMA grids, providing 3520 landmarks in a field of view of (345 × 260 × 480) mm3 . The construction accuracy of the phantom was verified experimentally. Two fast MRI sequences for extra-cranial imaging at 1.5 T were investigated, considering axial slices acquired with online distortion correction, in order to mimic practical use in MRI-guided radiotherapy. Distortions were separated into their sources by acquisition of images with gradient polarity reversal and dedicated susceptibility calculations. Such a separation yielded a quantitative spatial distortion model to be used for MR imaging simulations. Finally, the obtained spatial distortion model was embedded into an anthropomorphic 4D computational phantom, providing registered virtual CT/MR images where spatial distortions in MRI acquisition can be simulated. RESULTS The manufacturing accuracy of the geometrical distortion phantom was quantified to be within 0.2 mm in the grid planes and 0.5 mm in depth, including thickness variations and bending effects of individual grids. Residual spatial distortions after MRI distortion correction were strongly influenced by the applied correction mode, with larger effects in the trans-axial direction. In the axial plane, gradient nonlinearities caused the main distortions, with values up to 3 mm in a 1.5 T magnet, whereas static field and susceptibility effects were below 1 mm. The integration in the 4D anthropomorphic computational phantom highlighted that deformations can be severe in the region of the thoracic diaphragm, especially when using axial imaging with 2D distortion correction. Adaptation of the phantom based on patient-specific measurements was also verified, aiming at increased realism in the simulation. CONCLUSIONS The implemented framework provides an integrated approach for MRI spatial distortion modeling, where different sources of distortion can be quantified in time-dependent geometries. The computational phantom represents a valuable platform to study motion management strategies in extra-cranial MRI-guided radiotherapy, where the effects of spatial distortions can be modeled on synthetic images in a virtual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kroll
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - O Dietrich
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - J Bortfeldt
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Garching, 85748, Germany.,European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva 23, 1211, Switzerland
| | - F Kamp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - S Neppl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - C Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - K Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - G Baroni
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy.,Bioengineering Unit, Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - C Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Riboldi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Garching, 85748, Germany
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Kamp F, Hager L, Proebstl L, Schreiber A, Riebschläger M, Neumann S, Straif M, Schacht-Jablonowsky M, Falkai P, Pogarell O, Manz K, Soyka M, Koller G. 12- and 18-month follow-up after residential treatment of methamphetamine dependence: Influence of treatment drop-out and different treatment concepts. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 129:103-110. [PMID: 32652338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of two different residential treatments and of treatment drop-out in a German methamphetamine (MA) dependent sample. 108 subjects from two addiction treatment concepts were recruited at treatment begin and followed-up at 12 (T2) and 18 (T3) months after treatment. Based on follow-up samples (n = 38 at T2, n = 25 at T3), 77.1% at T2 and 68.0% at T3 were MA abstinent. Classifying everyone, who did not participate at follow-ups as having had a relapse, showed MA-abstinence rates of 25.0% (at T2) and 15.7% (at T3). There was no difference in MA-use between treatment conditions nor between treatment completers and drop-outs. Having injected any substance predicted MA-use at T2 (p = .03). The median time of relapse was 1.5 days after hospital release. Depression scores at T2 predicted MA-use at T3 (p = .02). T2 participants that dropped out of treatment had higher craving scores at T2, than T2 subjects who completed treatment (p = .03). The results show positive effects of current inpatient treatment programs without differences between different concepts. More research is needed to clarify the impact of treatment drop-out. Attention should be paid to a successful transition from residential to outpatient services and to a reduction of study attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - L Hager
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - L Proebstl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schreiber
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 13, 96272, Hochstadt Am Main, Germany
| | - M Riebschläger
- MEDIAN Clinic Mecklenburg, Blumenstraße 3, 19217, Rehna OT Parber, Germany
| | - S Neumann
- MEDIAN Clinic Mecklenburg, Blumenstraße 3, 19217, Rehna OT Parber, Germany
| | - M Straif
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 13, 96272, Hochstadt Am Main, Germany
| | | | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - O Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - K Manz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - M Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - G Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Kroll C, Dietrich O, Bortfeldt J, Paganelli C, Baroni G, Kamp F, Neppl S, Belka C, Parodi K, Opel M, Riboldi M. Improving the modelling of susceptibility-induced spatial distortions in MRI-guided extra-cranial radiotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:205006. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kamp F, Proebstl L, Hager L, Schreiber A, Riebschläger M, Neumann S, Straif M, Schacht-Jablonowsky M, Manz K, Soyka M, Koller G. Effectiveness of methamphetamine abuse treatment: Predictors of treatment completion and comparison of two residential treatment programs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:8-15. [PMID: 31154239 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing demand of evidence-based treatment options for methamphetamine users, but research in this field is limited. This study therefore evaluates the efficacy of two residential treatment programs for methamphetamine users. METHOD A total of 108 patients with a history of methamphetamine abuse from two inpatient rehabilitation centers were studied for psychiatric symptoms, craving, psychosocial resources, and cognitive functioning at the start and end of therapy. Patients from one center ("amphetamine type stimulant group") received conventional group therapy plus an additional 10 h of group therapy focusing on stimulant use. Patients from the other center ("treatment as usual") received conventional group therapy only. Predictors of drop-out were estimated. RESULTS A drop-out rate of 40.7% was observed without a significant difference between both centers. Patients remained significantly longer in treatment as usual compared to amphetamine type stimulant treatment. Irrespective of treatment program, craving and psychiatric symptoms significantly decreased while psychosocial resources, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility improved over time. Other cognitive measures yielded mixed results. History of injection drug use was a significant predictor for treatment drop-out. CONCLUSIONS Existing treatments are effective in reducing craving and psychiatric symptoms. Additional stimulant specific groups do not appear to influence treatment completion and secondary outcome measures. Institutions should therefore offer treatment for methamphetamine users, even if they do not provide a therapy content focusing on methamphetamine. History of injection drug use should receive attention in treatment to prevent drop-out. Changes in cognitive functioning need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - L Proebstl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - L Hager
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schreiber
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 13, 96272, Hochstadt am Main, Germany
| | - M Riebschläger
- MEDIAN Clinic Mecklenburg, Blumenstraße 3, Rehna OT Parber, 19217, Germany
| | - S Neumann
- MEDIAN Clinic Mecklenburg, Blumenstraße 3, Rehna OT Parber, 19217, Germany
| | - M Straif
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 13, 96272, Hochstadt am Main, Germany
| | | | - K Manz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - M Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Medical Parc Chiemseeblick, Rathausstraße 8, 83233, Bernau am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - G Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Kamp F, Liu H, Ermoschkin L, Di Biase M, Kurz C, Landry G, Belka C, Li M. EP-2005 A novel method for rectal wall dose accumulation for prostate cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Landry G, Hansen D, Kamp F, Li M, Hoyle B, Weller J, Parodi K, Belka C, Kurz C. OC-0085 Correcting CBCT images for dose calculation using a U-shaped deep convolutional neural network. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kurz C, Maspero M, Savenije M, Landry G, Kamp F, Li M, Parodi K, Belka C, Van den Berg C. OC-0513 Cone-beam CT intensity correction using a generative adversarial network and unpaired training. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Freislederer P, Von Münchow A, Kamp F, Heinz C, Gerum S, Roeder F, Corradini S, Floca R, Alber M, Söhn M, Reiner M, Belka C, Parodi K. OC-0525 4D Monte Carlo dose calculations on different CT image sets for SBRT using patient breathing data. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hofmaier J, Dedes G, Carlson D, Parodi K, Belka C, Kamp F. OC-0569 A framework for variance-based sensitivity analysis of uncertainties in proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Niepel K, Kurz C, Kamp F, Hansen D, Rit S, Neppl S, Hofmaier J, Bondesson D, Thieke C, Dinkel J, Belka C, Parodi K, Landry G. PO-0940: Porcine-lung-phantom based evaluation of proton dose calculations on 4DCBCT. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kamp F, Carlson DJ, Wilkens JJ. Rapid implementation of the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model facilitating online adaption of radiosensitivity parameters in ion therapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:N285-N296. [PMID: 28561011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment planning for ion therapy must account for physical properties of the beam as well as differences in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions compared to photons. In this work, we present a fast RBE calculation approach, based on the decoupling of physical properties and the [Formula: see text] ratio commonly used to describe the radiosensitivity of irradiated cells or organs. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the framework of the mechanistic repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model, the biological modeling can be decoupled from the physical dose. This was implemented into a research treatment planning system for carbon ion therapy. RESULTS The presented implementation of the RMF model is very fast, allowing online changes of [Formula: see text]. For example, a change of [Formula: see text] including a complete biological modeling and a recalculation of RBE for [Formula: see text] voxel takes 4 ms on a 4 CPU, 3.2 GHz workstation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The derived decoupling within the RMF model allows fast changes in [Formula: see text], facilitating online adaption by the user. This provides new options for radiation oncologists, facilitating online variations of the radiobiological input parameters during the treatment plan evaluation process as well as uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany. Physik-Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Frank-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 München, Germany
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Neppl S, Reiner M, Peller M, Belka C, Parodi K, Kamp F. EP-1703: Rapid prototyping phantom using LEGO® for MRI distortion correction in MR guided radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heinz C, Gerum S, Kamp F, Reiner M, Roeder F. PO-0867: Magnitude and robustness of motion mitigation in stereotactic body radiation therapy of the liver. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Düsberg M, Neppl S, Gerum S, Roeder F, Reiner M, Nicolay N, Schlemmer H, Debus J, Thieke C, Dinkel J, Zink K, Belka C, Kamp F. OC-0072: 4D-MRI based evaluation of moving lung tumor target volumes. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Berndt B, Tessonnier T, Schwarz F, Bauer J, Wuerl M, Kamp F, Thieke C, Belka C, Verhaegen F, Reiser M, Sommer W, Dedes G, Landry G, Parodi K. TH-CD-202-05: DECT Based Tissue Segmentation as Input to Monte Carlo Simulations for Proton Treatment Verification Using PET Imaging. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kurz C, Park Y, Kamp F, Rit S, Winey B, Sharp G, Reiner M, Nijhuis R, Hansen D, Ganswindt U, Thieke C, Belka C, Parodi K, Landry G. SU-F-J-186: Enabling Adaptive IMPT with CBCT-Based Dose Recalculation for H&N and Prostate Cancer Patients. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Englbrecht F, Lindner F, Bin J, Wislsperger A, Reiner M, Kamp F, Belka C, Dedes G, Schreiber J, Parodi K. SU-F-T-84: Measurement and Monte-Carlo Simulation of Electron Phase Spaces Using a Wide Angle Magnetic Electron Spectrometer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mairani A, Dokic I, Magro G, Tessonnier T, Kamp F, Carlson DJ, Ciocca M, Cerutti F, Sala PR, Ferrari A, Böhlen TT, Jäkel O, Parodi K, Debus J, Abdollahi A, Haberer T. Biologically optimized helium ion plans: calculation approach and itsin vitrovalidation. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:4283-99. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/11/4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kamp F, Carlson D, Wilkens J. OC-0264: Fast biological RBE modeling for carbon ion therapy using the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kamp F, Cabal G, Mairani A, Parodi K, Wilkens J, Carlson D. Predicting the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy Beams Using the Mechanistic Repair-Misrepair-Fixation (RMF) Model and Nuclear Fragment Spectra. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kamp F, Brüningk S, Cabal G, Mairani A, Parodi K, Wilkens J. Variance-based sensitivity analysis of biological uncertainties in carbon ion therapy. Phys Med 2014; 30:583-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kamp F, Brueningk S, Wilkens J. WE-D-BRE-07: Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis to Quantify the Impact of Biological Uncertainties in Particle Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kamp F, Wilkens J. 101: Variance Based Sensitivity Analysis of Biological Uncertainties in Carbon Ion Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brüningk S, Kamp F, Wilkens J. 34: Equivalent uniform dose (EUD) based biological optimization for carbon ion therapy. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamp F, Walter P, Bücheler R. Kostenentwicklung, Regulierung und Wirtschaftlichkeitsprüfung im GKV-Arzneimittelbereich. Gesundheitswesen 2014; 76:7-18. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kamp
- Abteilung Verordnungscontrolling, Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung Baden-Württemberg
| | - P. Walter
- Abteilung Verordnungscontrolling, Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung Baden-Württemberg
| | - R. Bücheler
- Fachreferat Arzneimittel, MDK Baden-Württemberg
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Hamilton JA, Johnson RA, Corkey B, Kamp F. Fatty acid transport: the diffusion mechanism in model and biological membranes. J Mol Neurosci 2001; 16:99-108; discussion 151-7. [PMID: 11478390 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:16:2-3:99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2000] [Accepted: 11/01/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The transport of fatty acids (FA) across membranes can be described by three fundamental steps: adsorption, transmembrane movement, and desorption. In model membranes, these steps are all rapid and spontaneous for most fatty acids, suggesting that FA can enter cells by free diffusion rather than by protein-mediated mechanisms. Here we present new fluorescence approaches that measure adsorption and transmembrane movement of FA independently. We show that FA adsorb to the plasma membrane of adipocytes and diffuse through the membrane by the flip-flop mechanism within the time resolution of our measurements (approximately 5 s). Thus we show that passive diffusion is a viable mechanism, although we did not evaluate its exclusivity. Important implications of the diffusion mechanism for neural cells are that all types of FA could be available and that selectivity is controlled by metabolism. Studies of FA uptake into brain endothelial cells and other brain cell types need to be performed to determine mechanisms of uptake, and metabolism of FA must be separated in order to understand the role of membrane transport in the overall uptake process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hamilton
- Department of Biophysics, Boston Medical Center, MA 02118, USA.
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Sapers G, Miller R, Pilizota V, Kamp F. Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) By Application of Hydrogen Peroxide and Browning Inhibitors. J Food Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Although transport of long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) into cells is often analyzed in the same way as glucose transport, we argue that the transport of the lipid-soluble amphipathic FFA molecule must be viewed differently. The partitioning of FFAs into phospholipid bilayers and their interfacial ionization are particularly relevant to transport. We summarize new data supporting the diffusion hypothesis in simple lipid bilayers and in plasma membranes of cells. Along with previous supporting data, the new data indicate that transport of FFAs through membranes could occur rapidly by flip-flop of the un-ionized form of the FFA. It appears that, at least for the adipocyte, passive diffusion guarantees fast entry and exit of FFAs at both low and high concentrations. Although there are several candidate proteins for the membrane transport of FFAs, most of these proteins have other established functions. Thus, unlike the glucose transporters, these proteins would not be single-function proteins. Definitive proof of their function as FFA transporters awaits their reconstitution into simple model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hamilton
- Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Fast (milliseconds) Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum is an essential step in muscle contraction. To electrically compensate the charge deficit generated by calcium release, concomitant fluxes of other ions are required. In this study we investigated the possible participation of protons as counterions during calcium release. Triad-enriched sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, isolated from rabbit fast skeletal muscle, were passively loaded with 1 mM CaCl2 and release was induced at pCa = 5.0 and pH = 7.0 in a stopped-flow fluorimeter. Accompanying changes in vesicular lumen pH were measured with a trapped fluorescent pH indicator (pyranin). Significant acidification (approximately 0.2 pH units) of the lumen occurred within the same time scale (t(1/2) = 0.75 s) as calcium release. Enhancing calcium release with ATP or the ATP analog 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) produced >20-fold faster acidification rates. In contrast, when calcium release induced with calcium with or without AMPPNP was blocked by Mg2+, no acidification of the lumen was observed. In all cases, rate constants of luminal acidification corresponded with reported values of calcium release rate constants. We conclude that proton fluxes account for part (5-10%) of the necessary charge compensation during calcium release. The possible relevance of these findings to the physiology of muscle cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
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32
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Abstract
Dissociation of fatty acids (FA) from and transbilayer movement (flip-flop) in small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles (SUV) were monitored by measuring the pH inside the vesicle with an entrapped water-soluble fluorophore, pyranin. With a pH gradient imposed upon SUV preloaded with FA, the rate of flip-flop of saturated very long chain FA (C20:0, C:22:0, and C24:0) was shown to be fast (t1/2 < 1 s); previously, we showed by stopped flow measurements that flip-flop of long chain (14-18 carbons) FA is very fast [t1/2 < 10 ms; Kamp, F., et al. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11928-11937]. The rates of dissociation of FA from SUV were evaluated by incorporating FA into donor vesicles and measuring transfer to acceptor vesicles. The transfer was followed by changes in internal pH of either donor or acceptor vesicles with stopped flow (C14:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2) or on-line (C20:0, C22:0, and C24:0) fluorescence. All FA showed a single-exponential transfer process that was slower than the lower limits established for the rate of flip-flop, with t1/2 of dissociation ranging from 20 ms for C14:0 to 1900 s for C24:0. The pseudo-unimolecular rate constant (koff) for dissociation of C14:0 to C26:0 showed a 10-fold decrease for each addition of two CH2 groups to the acyl chain and a delta (delta G) of -740 cal/CH2. The dissociation rate constants for oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) were 5 and 10 times faster, respectively, than that of C18:0. The rates of dissociation for typical dietary FA are sufficiently rapid that complex mechanisms (e.g. protein-mediated) may not be required for their desorption from biological membranes. The very slow dissociation rates for C24:0 and C26:0 may accentuate their pathological effects in diseases in which they accumulate in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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33
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Abstract
The rate of movement of fatty acids (FA) across phospholipid bilayers is an important consideration for their mechanism of transport across cell membranes but has not yet been measured. When FA move undirectionally across phospholipid bilayers, the rapid movement of un-ionized FA compared to ionized FA results in transport of protons. We have previously used this property to show that FA move spontaneously ("flip-flop") across the bilayer of small unilamellar vesicles within approximately 1 s (Kamp & Hamilton, 1992, 1993). This work extends the time resolution of this assay into the millisecond time range by use of stopped flow fluorometry. In small unilamellar vesicles (diameter, approximately 25 nm) at neutral pH, flip-flop of all fatty acids studied (lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic) was > or = 80% complete within 5-10 ms. In large unilamellar vesicles (diameter, approximately 100 nm), the same fatty acids exhibited fast flip-flop but with a measureable rate (t 1/2 = 23 +/- 12 ms). The calculated pseudounimolecular rate constant of the un-ionized FA (kFAH) approximately 15 s-1. There was no dependence of the flip-flop rate on the fatty acid chain length or structure. We also monitored the rate of desorption and transbilayer movement of (anthroyloxy)stearic acid in small unilamellar vesicles. Whereas previous studies suggested slow flip-flop of this FA analogue, the present studies suggest that (anthroyloxy)stearic acid flip-flops rapidly and that earlier studies did not truly measure the transbilayer movement step. These findings further support the view that proteins are not required for translocation of FA across cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Hamilton JA, Civelek VN, Kamp F, Tornheim K, Corkey BE. Changes in internal pH caused by movement of fatty acids into and out of clonal pancreatic beta-cells (HIT). J Biol Chem 1994; 269:20852-6. [PMID: 8063701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells require a constant influx of free fatty acids for lipid resynthesis and metabolic energy. Fatty acids also act as second messengers and modulate channel activities. In the pancreatic beta-cell, fatty acids have both acute and chronic effects on insulin secretion. We show that the addition of fatty acid to pancreatic beta-cells in vitro produces a persistent decrease in intracellular pH, which begins immediately after the addition of fatty acid and has an exponential time course with t1/2 approximately 60 s. The pH drop can be largely reversed by the addition of albumin. The observed pH effect can be explained by passive diffusion ("flip-flop") of un-ionized fatty acid across the plasma membrane. Acidification by a fatty acid dimer and alkalinization by an alkylamine also favor the flip-flop mechanism of transport rather than a protein-mediated mechanism. Our method provides for the first time a real-time measurement of fatty acid import into cells. The significant pH change may be important in mediating some of the regulatory effects of fatty acid, such as inhibition of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hamilton
- Biophysics Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118
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Hamilton J, Civelek V, Kamp F, Tornheim K, Corkey B. Changes in internal pH caused by movement of fatty acids into and out of clonal pancreatic beta-cells (HIT). J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Juretić D, Hendler RW, Kamp F, Caughey WS, Zasloff M, Westerhoff HV. Magainin oligomers reversibly dissipate delta microH+ in cytochrome oxidase liposomes. Biochemistry 1994; 33:4562-70. [PMID: 8161511 DOI: 10.1021/bi00181a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Magainin peptides present in the skin of Xenopus laevis and identified as antimicrobial agents are shown to decrease the membrane potential in cytochrome oxidase liposomes. They also released respiratory control with a third or higher order concentration dependence. Respiratory control was restored by proteolytic digestion of the added magainin. The amount of magainin required for half-maximal stimulation of respiration was proportional to lipid concentration. At appreciably higher concentrations magainins inhibited uncoupled respiration. The results are discussed in terms of a model in which most of the added magainin adsorbs as a monomer to the membranes but equilibrates with a multimeric pore that causes rather general permeability of membranes. The ensuing ion permeation dissipates membrane potential and stimulates respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Juretić
- Section on Membrane Enzymology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Heath, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Kamp F, Hamilton JA, Kamp F, Westerhoff HV, Hamilton JA. Movement of fatty acids, fatty acid analogues, and bile acids across phospholipid bilayers. Biochemistry 1993; 32:11074-86. [PMID: 8218171 DOI: 10.1021/bi00092a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
How lipophilic acids move across membranes, either model or biological, is the subject of controversy. We describe experiments which better define the mechanism and rates in protein-free phospholipid bilayers. The transbilayer movement of lipophilic acids [fatty acids (FA), covalently-labeled FA, bile acids, and retinoic acid] was monitored by entrapping pyranin, a water-soluble, pH-sensitive fluorescent molecule to measure pH inside unilamellar vesicles [Kamp, F., & Hamilton, J.A. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 11367-11370]. Equations for the pseudo-unimolecular rate constants for transbilayer movement of un-ionized (kappa FAH) and ionized (kappa FA-) acids are derived. All FA studied (octanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, linolelaidic, and arachidonic) and retinoic acid exhibited rapid transbilayer movement (t 1/2 < 1 s) via the un-ionized form across small unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. FA produced by phospholipase A2 in the outer leaflet of PC vesicles equilibrated rapidly to the inner leaflet. Ionized FA showed enhanced transbilayer movement (kappa FA- = 0.029 s-1) in the presence of equimolar valinomycin. The three FA analogues [12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid, 5-doxylstearic acid, and 1-pyrenenonanoic acid] moved across PC bilayers via the un-ionized form; except for the anthroyloxy FA (kappa FAH = 4.8 x 10(-3) s-1), the rates were too fast to measure (t 1/2 < 1 s). The rate for cholic acid (CA) transbilayer movement was slow (kappa CAH = 0.056 s-1) compared to that of the more hydrophobic bile acids, deoxy- and chenodeoxycholic acid (t 1/2 < 1 s). The taurine conjugates of the three bile acids did not cross the bilayer (t 1/2 > 1 h). A further application of the pyranin method was to measure the partitioning of FA and bile acids among water, albumin, and PC vesicles. Our results show that the ability of lipophilic acids to permeate a PC bilayer rapidly is dependent on the presence of the un-ionized acid in the membrane interface. Considering the fast unfacilitated movement of FA across protein-free phospholipid bilayers, it is unlikely that there is a universal need for a transport protein to enhance movement of FA across membrane bilayers. Physiological implications of proton movement accompanying fast movement of un-ionized lipophilic acids (and the consequent generation of a pH gradient) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Biophysics Department, Housman Medical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118-2394
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Abstract
A central, unresolved question in cell physiology is how fatty acids move across cell membranes and whether protein(s) are required to facilitate transbilayer movement. We have developed a method for monitoring movement of fatty acids across protein-free model membranes (phospholipid bilayers). Pyranin, a water-soluble, pH-sensitive fluorescent molecule, was trapped inside well-sealed phosphatidylcholine vesicles (with or without cholesterol) in Hepes buffer (pH 7.4). Upon addition of a long-chain fatty acid (e.g., oleic acid) to the external buffer (also Hepes, pH 7.4), a decrease in fluorescence of pyranin was observed immediately (within 10 sec). This acidification of the internal volume was the result of the "flip" of un-ionized fatty acids to the inner leaflet, followed by a release of protons from approximately 50% of these fatty acid molecules (apparent pKa in the bilayer = 7.6). The proton gradient thus generated dissipated slowly because of slow cyclic proton transfer by fatty acids. Addition of bovine serum albumin to vesicles with fatty acids instantly removed the pH gradient, indicating complete removal of fatty acids, which requires rapid "flop" of fatty acids from the inner to the outer monolayer layer. Using a four-state kinetic diagram of fatty acids in membranes, we conclude that un-ionized fatty acid flip-flops rapidly (t1/2 < or = 2 sec) whereas ionized fatty acid flip-flops slowly (t1/2 of minutes). Since fatty acids move across phosphatidylcholine bilayers spontaneously and rapidly, complex mechanisms (e.g., transport proteins) may not be required for translocation of fatty acids in biological membranes. The proton movement accompanying fatty acid flip-flop is an important consideration for fatty acid metabolism in normal physiology and in disease states such as cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Biophysics, Housman Medical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118-2394
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Abstract
For a transmembrane redox enzyme and a (passive) protonophore, the complete set of rate equations is given. Turnover causes cyclic variation of their electric polarization. This is responsible not only for effects of the electric field on the rate constants but also for the generation of an electric field felt by neighboring molecules. It is calculated that, when the systems are close together at a fixed distance, cycling of the two systems becomes coupled enabling the protonophore to pump protons against their electrochemical gradient. If the electrochemical gradient for protons approaches the input force of the redox reaction, slip (incomplete coupling between the chemical and proton-transport reactions) results. By using different sets of parameters, both kinetically reversible and kinetically irreversible proton pumps can be simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
The electric field arising from proton pumping across a topologically closed biological membrane causes accumulation close to the membrane of ionic charges equivalent to the charge of the pumped protons, positive on the side towards which protons are pumped, negative on the other side. We shall call this the 'active surface charge'. We here use the Poisson-Boltzmann equation to evaluate the effects of zwitterionic buffer molecules and uncharged proteins in the aqueous phase bordering the membrane on the magnitude and ionic composition of the active surface charge. For the positive side of the membrane, the main results are: (1) If the membrane is freely accessible to bulk phase ions, pumped protons exchange with these ions, such that the active surface charge consists of salt cations. (2) If a significant fraction of the ions in bulk solution consists of buffer molecules, then some of the pumped protons will remain close to the membrane and constitute a major fraction of the active surface charge. (3) If a protein layer borders the membrane, a significant part of the transmembrane electric potential difference exists within that protein layer and protons inside this layer dominate the active surface charge. (4) On the negative side of the membrane the corresponding phenomena would occur. (5) All these effects are strictly dependent on the transmembrane electric potential difference arising from proton pumping and would come in addition to the well known effects of buffers and electrically charged proteins on the retention of scalar protons. (6) No additional proton diffusion barrier may be required to account for a deficit in number of protons observed in the aqueous bulk phase upon aeration-induced proton pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
The steady-state flux resulting from the coupling of two multistate systems is considered. The dynamics of these systems are described (a) as diffusion along a continuous one-dimensional free-energy profile specified by a conformational coordinate or (b) in terms of transitions between a discrete but arbitrary number of substates. If these multistate systems are connected in a simple way, it is shown that the steady-state flux can be obtained analytically. For both the continuous and discrete cases, the exact flux is shown to be identical to that calculated from a simple kinetic scheme involving only four states, if the effective rate constants of this reduced scheme are appropriately defined in terms of the mean first passage times for moving between various points along the multistate cycles. These results clarify and quantify the manner in which the internal conformational dynamics of two multistate systems influences the steady-state flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We review how Hill's work on enzyme catalysis has nurtured our understanding of the mechanism by which enzymes can couple downhill processes to uphill processes. More specifically, we discuss the following questions: (i) Does it make sense to distinguish the chemical potential of the bound ligand from that of the binding enzyme? (ii) To what extent can free-energy transduction be localized at some crucial step in the catalytic cycle? (iii) Need enzymes be optimized so as to even out the profile of basic free energy along the catalytic cycle? (iv) How do continuous models of conformational transitions relate to discrete state diagrams and their kinetic elaborations? We conclude that (1) only in very special cases is it useful to designate a portion of the free energy of the enzyme-ligand complex as the free energy of the bound ligand; (2) only for some mechanisms can free-energy transduction be localized within a part of the catalytic cycle; (3) only in special cases should one expect enzymes to be "optimized" so as to have smooth basic free-energy profiles; and (4) transition rate constants can often be related to conformational diffusion constants, although in certain situations the kinetic description of an enzyme as if jumping between discrete states is impracticable; a diffusion-type description may then be preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kamp F, Wase DAJ, McManamey WJ, Mendoza O, Thayanithy K. A comparison of some methods of estimating volumetric mass-transfer coefficients in an external-loop airlift fermenter. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987; 30:179-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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