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Chouin‐Carneiro T, Ant TH, Herd C, Louis F, Failloux AB, Sinkins SP. Wolbachia strain wAlbA blocks Zika virus transmission in Aedes aegypti. Med Vet Entomol 2020; 34:116-119. [PMID: 31120156 PMCID: PMC7027442 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transinfections of the maternally transmitted endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis can reduce RNA virus replication and prevent transmission by Aedes aegypti, and also have the capacity to invade wild-type populations, potentially reaching and maintaining high infection frequencies. Levels of virus transmission blocking are positively correlated with Wolbachia intracellular density. Despite reaching high densities in Ae. aegypti, transinfections of wAlbA, a strain native to Aedes albopictus, showed no blocking of Semliki Forest Virus in previous intrathoracic injection challenges. To further characterize wAlbA blocking in Ae. aegypti, adult females were intrathoracically challenged with Zika (ZIKV) and dengue viruses, and then fed a ZIKV-containing bloodmeal. No blocking was observed with either virus when challenged by intrathoracic injection. However, when ZIKV was delivered orally, wAlbA-infected females showed a significant reduction in viral replication and dissemination compared with uninfected controls, as well as a complete absence of virus in saliva. Although other Wolbachia strains have been shown to cause more robust viral blocking in Ae. aegypti, these findings demonstrate that, in principle, wAlbA could be used to reduce virus transmission in this species. Moreover, the results highlight the potential for underestimation of the strength of virus-blocking when based on intrathoracic injection compared with more natural oral challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Chouin‐Carneiro
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - T. H. Ant
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowU.K.
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterU.K.
| | - C. Herd
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowU.K.
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterU.K.
| | - F. Louis
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - A. B. Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - S. P. Sinkins
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowU.K.
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterU.K.
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Ant TH, Herd C, Louis F, Failloux AB, Sinkins SP. Wolbachia transinfections in Culex quinquefasciatus generate cytoplasmic incompatibility. Insect Mol Biol 2020; 29:1-8. [PMID: 31194893 PMCID: PMC7027843 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is an important mosquito vector of a number of viral and protozoan pathogens of humans and animals, and naturally carries the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, strain wPip. Wolbachia are used in two distinct vector control strategies: firstly, population suppression caused by mating incompatibilities between mass-released transinfected males and wild females; and secondly, the spread of pathogen transmission-blocking strains through populations. Using embryonic microinjection, two novel Wolbachia transinfections were generated in C. quinquefasciatus using strains native to the mosquito Aedes albopictus: a wAlbB single infection, and a wPip plus wAlbA superinfection. The wAlbB infection showed full bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) with wild-type C. quinquefasciatus in reciprocal crosses. The wPipwAlbA superinfection showed complete unidirectional CI, and therefore population invasion potential. Whereas the wAlbB strain showed comparatively low overall densities, similar to the native wPip, the wPipwAlbA superinfection reached over 400-fold higher densities in the salivary glands compared to the native wPip, suggesting it may be a candidate for pathogen transmission blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Ant
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - C. Herd
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - F. Louis
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - A. B. Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - S. P. Sinkins
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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Bock P, Nel K, Fatti G, Sloot R, Ford N, Voget J, Gunst C, Grobbelaar N, Louis F, Floyd S, Hayes R, Ayles H, Beyers N, Fidler S. Renal dysfunction by baseline CD4 cell count in a cohort of adults starting antiretroviral treatment regardless of CD4 count in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 071 [HPTN 071; Population Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART)] study in South Africa. HIV Med 2019; 20:392-403. [PMID: 30963667 PMCID: PMC6767782 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal dysfunction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive individuals. This study evaluated renal dysfunction in a cohort of adults who started antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count at three Department of Health (DOH) clinics included in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 071 (HPTN 071) Population Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy to Reduce HIV Transmission (PopART) trial. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of routine data for HIV-positive individuals starting ART between January 2014 and November 2015 was completed. Incident renal dysfunction was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eEGFR) < 60 mL/min after ART initiation among individuals with a baseline (pre-ART) eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min. RESULTS Overall, 2423 individuals, with a median baseline CD4 count of 328 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 195-468 cells/μL], were included in the analysis. Forty-seven individuals had a baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min. Among 1634 nonpregnant individuals started on a tenofovir-containing ART regimen and with a baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min, 27 developed an eGFR < 60 mL/min on ART. Regression analysis showed lower odds of baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min at baseline CD4 counts of > 500 cells/μL [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.80], 351-500 cells/μL (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08-0.59) and 201-350 (aOR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24-0.97) compared with baseline CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL. CONCLUSIONS This study showed low rates of renal dysfunction at baseline and on ART, with lower rates of baseline renal dysfunction among individuals with baseline CD4 counts > 200 cells/μL. Strategies that use baseline characteristics, such as age, to identify individuals at high risk of renal dysfunction on ART for enhanced eGFR monitoring may be effective and should be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bock
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDesmond Tutu TB CentreStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - K Nel
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDesmond Tutu TB CentreStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- City of Cape Town Health ServicesCape TownSouth Africa
| | - G Fatti
- Kheth’ Impilo, AIDS Free LivingCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsDepartment of Global HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - R Sloot
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDesmond Tutu TB CentreStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - N Ford
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - J Voget
- Western Cape Department of HealthHIV/AIDS, STI & TB DirectorateCape TownSouth Africa
| | - C Gunst
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch University Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health CareStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- Western Cape Department of HealthCape Winelands DistrictBrewelskloof HospitalWorcesterSouth Africa
| | | | - F Louis
- Independent ConsultantCape TownSouth Africa
| | - S Floyd
- Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - R Hayes
- Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - H Ayles
- Department of Clinical ResearchLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - N Beyers
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDesmond Tutu TB CentreStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - S Fidler
- Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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David R, Billot M, Delaire L, Roulaud M, Lorgeoux B, Foucault P, Louis F, Duprey E, Lapoulvereyrie R, Meklat H, Visentin C, Cognon L, Germaneau A, Vendeuvre T, Rigoard P. Use of FeetMe monitor® connected soles for real-time measurement of spatial and temporal walking parameters: an illustrative case from the REWALK pilot study highlighting the objectivity of a spastic hemiparetic patient assessment. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. David
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
| | - M. Billot
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
| | - L. Delaire
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
| | - M. Roulaud
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
| | - B. Lorgeoux
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
| | - P. Foucault
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Richelieu, La Rochelle cedex, France
| | - F. Louis
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Le Grand Feu, Niort, France
| | - E. Duprey
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Le Grand Feu, Niort, France
| | - R. Lapoulvereyrie
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Le Grand Feu, Niort, France
| | - H. Meklat
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Richelieu, La Rochelle cedex, France
| | - C. Visentin
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Richelieu, La Rochelle cedex, France
| | - L. Cognon
- Centre de médecine physique et de réadaptation Richelieu, La Rochelle cedex, France
| | - A. Germaneau
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - T. Vendeuvre
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - P. Rigoard
- Spine & Neuromodulation Functional Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Poitiers, PRISMATICS Lab, Poitiers, France
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS - Université de Poitiers - ISAE-ENSMA, France
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Daskevich C, Pifko M, Louis F, Nguyen D, Gibson A, Napier-Earle T, Mizwa M. Creating indigenous non-government organizations for program management,
support and operations. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Couroussé T, Bacq A, Belzung C, Guiard B, Balasse L, Louis F, Le Guisquet AM, Gardier AM, Schinkel AH, Giros B, Gautron S. Brain organic cation transporter 2 controls response and vulnerability to stress and GSK3β signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:889-900. [PMID: 25092247 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between genetic and environmental factors, like exposure to stress, have an important role in the pathogenesis of mood-related psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder. The polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs) were shown previously to be sensitive to the stress hormone corticosterone in vitro, suggesting that these transporters might have a physiologic role in the response to stress. Here, we report that OCT2 is expressed in several stress-related circuits in the brain and along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Genetic deletion of OCT2 in mice enhanced hormonal response to acute stress and impaired HPA function without altering adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). As a consequence, OCT2(-/-) mice were potently more sensitive to the action of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on depression-related behaviors involving self-care, spatial memory, social interaction and stress-sensitive spontaneous behavior. The functional state of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway, highly responsive to acute stress, was altered in the hippocampus of OCT2(-/-) mice. In vivo pharmacology and western blot experiments argue for increased serotonin tonus as a main mechanism for impaired GSK3β signaling in OCT2(-/-) mice brain during acute response to stress. Our findings identify OCT2 as an important determinant of the response to stress in the brain, suggesting that in humans OCT2 mutations or blockade by certain therapeutic drugs could interfere with HPA axis function and enhance vulnerability to repeated adverse events leading to stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Couroussé
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France [4] Université Paris Descartes, Ecole Doctorale Médicament Toxicologie Chimie Environnement, Paris, France
| | - A Bacq
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | - B Guiard
- Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA3544, Université Paris-Sud XI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - L Balasse
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - F Louis
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | | | - A M Gardier
- Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie EA3544, Université Paris-Sud XI, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - A H Schinkel
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Giros
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France [4] Douglas Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Gautron
- 1] INSERM U1130, Paris, France [2] CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, France [3] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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Dupuy C, Periquet G, Serbielle C, Bézier A, Louis F, Drezen JM. Transfer of a chromosomal Maverick to endogenous bracovirus in a parasitoid wasp. Genetica 2011; 139:489-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-011-9569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Louis F, Tongue LK. Neglected Tropical Diseases: An Example of Encouraging Control in Central Africa. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Tongue LK, Louis F, Dologuele N. Relapse After Treatment with First Stage Drug in Human African Trypanosomiasis: Contribution of Molecular Biology. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Louis F, Veselinovic T, Himmerich H. [Behavioral therapy in primary care]. MMW Fortschr Med 2008; 150 Suppl 2:41-43. [PMID: 18678051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Louis
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums der RWTH Aachen
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Abstract
Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from thebaine. The transdermal formulation of buprenorphine has been available in Belgium for 3 years, during which time the Pain Clinic of the St Elisabeth of Verviers Hospital has gained experience in the use of transdermal buprenorphine for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. This paper presents four cases of chronic, non-malignant pain, and one case of chronic cancer pain. By starting patients on low doses and slowly titrating upwards, transdermal buprenorphine matrix patches provided effective analgesia and were well tolerated. Low doses of transdermal buprenorphine were created by cutting the smallest available matrix patch (35 mug/h) into halves or quarters. The initial dose was then gradually titrated upwards to the dose needed for optimum pain relief by the patients. No problems were encountered in switching patients from prior analgesic therapy with other opioids to transdermal buprenorphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Louis
- Pain Clinic of the St Elisabeth of Verviers Hospital, Heusy, Belgium.
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Boignard A, Fior-Gozlan M, Gressin R, Louis F, Brambilla C, Seigneurin D, Devouassoux G. [Bronchial obstruction and the ideopathic hyper-eosinophilic syndrome]. Rev Mal Respir 2002; 19:375-7. [PMID: 12161706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The idiopathic hyper-eosinophilic syndrome is defined as a peripheral blood eosinophilia greater than 1.5 x 10(9)/litre present for at least 6 months and associated with visceral involvement. It may only be accepted after carefully excluding the other common or rare causes of hyper-eosinophilia and should remain a diagnosis of exclusion. The associated visceral lesions are multiple and non-specific. Among these neurological, digestive, dermatological and cardiac manifestations are the most frequently described. Whereas pleuro-pulmonary involvement is also common, asthma is rarely reported. We report a case of ideopathic hyper-eosinophilic syndrome presenting as asthma. This was secondary to eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchial mucosa as demonstrated by cytological examination of induced sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boignard
- Unité de Pneumologie, Département de Médecine Aiguë Spécialisée, Hôpital A. Michallon, CHU de Grenoble, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble, France
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Richard I, Rome J, Lemené B, Louis F, Perrouin-Verbe B, Mathé JF. [Post-traumatic endocrine deficits : analysis of a series of 93 severe traumatic brain injuries]. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2001; 44:19-25. [PMID: 11587651 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6054(00)00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to measure the incidence in severe traumatic brain injury of endocrine deficits with special consideration for hypotestosteronemia in male patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of a series of 115 TBIs consecutively admitted to our brain injury unit. Endocrine screening is routinely performed at admission and includes radioimmunological assays for T3, T4, TSH, testosterone or oestradiol and progesterone, FSH, LH and cortisol. Twenty-two records were incomplete and excluded from further analysis. The analysis relies on 93 records among which those of 75 males. RESULTS One partial hypothyroidism of pituitary origin (low T3, T4 and TSH and no raise of TSH after stimulation by TRH) and one posthypophyseal deficit were found. The incidence of hypotestosteronemia is 28%. All are of central origin (low testosterone and low or normal LH). In one case the hypothalamic origin is demonstrated by the considerable increase of LH after injection of GnRH. We found no correlation between the occurrence of endocrine deficit and either the Glasgow Coma Scale or the existence of basal skull fracture. DISCUSSION - CONCLUSION These results show that endocrine deficits are not exceptional in TBIs and that isolated hypotestosteronemia is frequent. These deficits are not necessarily all of functional origin, but further studies including longitudinal follow up are required to conclude on this point. Further studies addressing the opportunity of substitution in some patients should also be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Richard
- Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, CHU Angers, centre régional de rééducation et réadaptation fonctionnelle, BP 2449, 49024 cedex, Angers, France.
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Steger K, Rey R, Louis F, Kliesch S, Behre HM, Nieschlag E, Hoepffner W, Bailey D, Marks A, Bergmann M. Reversion of the differentiated phenotype and maturation block in Sertoli cells in pathological human testis. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:136-43. [PMID: 10374110 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the relationship between abnormal Sertoli cell differentiation and spermatogenic impairment, we examined the expression of Sertoli cell markers normally lost at puberty, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and M2A antigen, in three children (aged 1-2 years), 50 adults (aged 19-45 years) with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia, and six patients (aged 1-18 years) with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. There was CK18 and/or AMH expression, but never M2A antigen expression, associated with spermatogonial arrest or Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome in infertile men. Loss of M2A antigen suggests the transition of Sertoli cells to an adult phenotype, while CK18 and/or AMH expression may be a manifestation of de-differentiation of Sertoli cells. In 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, there was a sequential loss of CK18, M2A antigen and AMH around puberty, associated with partial spermatogenesis. The persistence of immature Sertoli cells expressing M2A antigen was associated with prepubertal seminiferous cords and SCO syndrome. Therefore, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency may prevent the maturation of Sertoli cells, resulting in impairment of spermatogenesis, and loss of M2A antigen expression coincides with a critical step in the Sertoli cell maturation. High follicle stimulating hormone concentrations due to failure of normal Sertoli cell differentiation indicate a normal development pattern of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Halle, Saale, Germany
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Racine C, Rey R, Forest MG, Louis F, Ferré A, Huhtaniemi I, Josso N, di Clemente N. Receptors for anti-müllerian hormone on Leydig cells are responsible for its effects on steroidogenesis and cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:594-9. [PMID: 9435237 PMCID: PMC18465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.2.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong overexpression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in transgenic mice leads to incomplete fetal virilization and decreased serum testosterone in the adult. Conversely, AMH-deficient mice exhibit Leydig cell hyperplasia. To probe the mechanism of action of AMH on Leydig cell steroidogenesis, we have studied the expression of mRNA for steroidogenic proteins in vivo and in vitro and performed a morphometric analysis of testicular tissue in mice overexpressing the hormone. We show that overexpression of AMH in male transgenic mice blocks the differentiation of Leydig cell precursors. Expression of steroidogenic protein mRNAs, mainly cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P450c17), is decreased in transgenic mice overexpressing AMH and in AMH-treated purified Leydig cells. In contrast, transgenic mice in whom the AMH locus has been disrupted show increase expression of P450c17. In vitro, but not in vivo, AMH also decreases the expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor. The effect of AMH is explained by the presence of its receptor on Leydig cells. Our results provide insight into the action of AMH as a negative modulator of Leydig cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Racine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, Montrouge, France
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Richard I, François C, Louis F, de la Grève IM, Perrouin-Verbe B, Mathé JF. Épilepsie post-traumatique: analyse rétrospective d'une série de 90 traumatismes crâniens graves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6054(98)80262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vial H, Ancelin ML, Calas M, Giral L, Thomas A, Janse C, Peters W, Slomianny C, Herrera S, Louis F, Ringwald P, Bourguignon J. Plasmodium phospholipid metabolism: a target for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1997.11813244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Talhaoui A, Louis F, Devolder P, Meriaux B, Sawerysyn JP, Rayez MT, Rayez JC. Rate Coefficients of the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms with Haloethanes of Type CH3CCl3-xFx (x = 0, 1, and 2): Experimental and ab Initio Theoretical Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9603243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Rey R, al-Attar L, Louis F, Jaubert F, Barbet P, Nihoul-Fékété C, Chaussain JL, Josso N. Testicular dysgenesis does not affect expression of anti-müllerian hormone by Sertoli cells in premeiotic seminiferous tubules. Am J Pathol 1996; 148:1689-98. [PMID: 8623936 PMCID: PMC1861550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) immunoreactivity was studied on paraffin sections obtained from archival testicular biopsies of 29 children with intersex disorders and of 22 controls. Strong AMH immunoreactivity was observed in Sertoli cell cytoplasm from 8 fetal weeks until puberty. During pubertal maturation, in both normal and intersex patients, AMH expression was present in premeiotic seminiferous tubules, but was no longer detected in neighboring tubules with meiotic development. AMH immunostaining was abolished in the testis of one patient with persistent Müllerian ducts due to a mutation of the AMH gene, but was conserved in the testes of two patients with mutations of the AMH receptor gene. Testicular dysgenesis usually results in sexual ambiguity, with low testosterone and AMH serum levels and persistence of Müllerian derivatives. AMH immunoreactivity was conserved in premeiotic seminiferous tubules of dysgenetic testes, and also in sex-cord cells of a gonadoblastoma. In patients with asymmetric gonadal differentiation, the streak gonad was AMH-negative. In conclusion, secretion of AMH is a constitutive feature of the immature Sertoli cell and its expression is altered only by mutations of the AMH gene, but not by gonadal dysgenesis. The degree of regression of Müllerian ducts and serum AMH levels reflect the number, not the functional value, of Sertoli cells present in the immature testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rey
- Unité de Recherches sur l'Endocrinologie du Développement (INSERM), Montrouge, France
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21
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Steger K, Rey R, Kliesch S, Louis F, Schleicher G, Bergmann M. Immunohistochemical detection of immature Sertoli cell markers in testicular tissue of infertile adult men: a preliminary study. Int J Androl 1996; 19:122-8. [PMID: 8737044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Testicular biopsy specimens from oligozoospermic infertile patients are characterized by different types of spermatogenic impairment in adjacent seminiferous tubules, a phenomenon called mixed atrophy. In order to evaluate possible involvement of the state of Sertoli cell differentiation, the distribution pattern of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), vimentin and cytokeratin intermediate filament proteins was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry. AMH immunoactivity occurs in Sertoli cells of the normal postnatal prepubertal testis, but it is absent in the adult testis with normal spermatogenesis. In the case of mixed atrophy, AMH immunoactivity was found in Sertoli cells of tubules showing spermatogenic arrest at the level of spermatogonia and in tubules showing Sertoli-cell-only (SCO) syndrome. Vimentin was expressed regularly in Sertoli cells independent of spermatogenic impairment or the state of Sertoli cell differentiation. Cytokeratin immunoactivity occurs in Sertoli cells of the normal postnatal prepubertal testis. Furthermore, cytokeratin expression was found in Sertoli cells of tubules showing spermatogenic arrest at the level of spermatogonia and in some SCO tubules. Co-expression of AMH and cytokeratin suggests that spermatogenic impairment such as spermatogenic arrest and SCO syndrome in human seminiferous tubules is associated with a population of Sertoli cells showing a prepubertal stage of development. The different pattern of AMH and cytokeratin expression in SCO tubules indicates that Sertoli cells in SCO syndrome show a mosaic pattern of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steger
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie der Universität, Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Talhaoui A, Louis F, Meriaux B, Devolder P, Sawerysyn JP. Temperature Dependence of Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms with Halomethanes of Type CHCl3-xFx (x = 0, 1, and 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951814i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Talhaoui
- Laboratoire de Cinétique et Chimie de la Combustion URA-CNRS 876, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F. Louis
- Laboratoire de Cinétique et Chimie de la Combustion URA-CNRS 876, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - B. Meriaux
- Laboratoire de Cinétique et Chimie de la Combustion URA-CNRS 876, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - P. Devolder
- Laboratoire de Cinétique et Chimie de la Combustion URA-CNRS 876, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - J.-P. Sawerysyn
- Laboratoire de Cinétique et Chimie de la Combustion URA-CNRS 876, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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23
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Feldhege M, Louis F, Schmutterer H. Untersuchungen über Falterabundanzen des Bekreuzten TraubenwicklersLobesia botrana Schiff. im Weinbau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01908430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Lyet L, Louis F, Forest MG, Josso N, Behringer RR, Vigier B. Ontogeny of reproductive abnormalities induced by deregulation of anti-müllerian hormone expression in transgenic mice. Biol Reprod 1995; 52:444-54. [PMID: 7711213 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod52.2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-müllerian hormone, normally responsible for the regression of müllerian ducts in male fetuses, induces stunting, germ cell loss, and seminiferous tubule formation in ovaries of bovine freemartin fetuses and of transgenic mice, which express the human anti müllerian hormone gene under the control of the metallothionein promoter. Because the latter have been studied only after birth, we undertook a detailed chronological study of their reproductive organs. Müllerian ducts of transgenic female fetuses regressed at the same time as those of normal or transgenic males. Maximal reduction of germ cell number occurred between 16 days postcoitus and birth, when most transgenic oocytes were still in the leptotene stage of the meiotic prophase, whereas normal oocytes had already reached the pachytene phase. Interference with progression of the meiotic prophase and germ cell loss in the fetal ovary are probably responsible for subsequent ovarian regression and retardation of follicle growth. Seminiferous tubule formation was not detectable prior to birth and occurred only rarely in postnatal ovaries. Aromatase activity of fetal transgenic ovaries was decreased, as well as serum concentration of testosterone in adult transgenic males, suggesting that high levels of anti-müllerian hormone may impair Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lyet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Unité de Recherches sur l'Endocrinologie du Développement (INSERM U293), Montrouge, France
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Morin L, Crombleholme TM, Louis F, D'Alton ME. Bronchopulmonary sequestration: prenatal diagnosis with clinicopathologic correlation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1994; 6:479-81. [PMID: 7827281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A patient was referred at 21 weeks' gestation for evaluation of an echogenic mass in the fetal right chest. Color-doppler sonography facilitated the diagnosis of a bronchopulmonary sequestration. Clinicopathologic correlation was possible after termination at 2.3 weeks' gestation. Pathologic examination confirmed the prenatal diagnosis and demonstrated the systemic vascular supply seen on color-doppler sonography. Color doppler is a useful adjunct in the sonographic evaluation of the fetus with an echogenic chest mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mulder B, Ringwald P, Arens T, Louis F. Stabilization of chloroquine resistance in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum in Edea, south Cameroon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88:445. [PMID: 7570840 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Mulder
- Department of Biology, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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27
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Baraka A, Muallem M, Sibai AN, Louis F. Bullard laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation of patients with cervical spine pathology. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39:513-4. [PMID: 1596979 DOI: 10.1007/bf03008721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ketamine was used as the sole anaesthetic during the induction-to-delivery interval in 20 full-term patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. The intravenous administration of ketamine 1.5 mg.kg-1 was followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg.kg-1 and tracheal intubation. The mother's lungs were then ventilated using 100 per cent oxygen until the baby was delivered. Intraoperative maternal awareness was assessed by the isolated forearm technique. The Apgar scores of the newborn at one and five minutes, as well as their umbilical vein blood gases were also evaluated and correlated with the induction-to-delivery (I-D) and the uterine incision-to-delivery (U-D) intervals. In 13 patients (Group A) the I-D interval was less than 10 min and U-D interval less than 90 sec, while in seven (Group B) the I-D interval was greater than or equal to 10 min and the U-D interval greater than or equal to 90 sec. The isolated arm test was negative in all patients having an I-D interval less than 10 min, and was positive in three patients when the I-D interval exceeded ten minutes. The newborns of group A showed higher Apgar scores at one minute, as well as higher umbilical vein PO2 than was achieved in Group B. It was concluded that the technique used was not associated with maternal awareness or neonatal depression, provided that the I-D interval was less than 10 min and the U-D interval was less than 90 sec.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baraka
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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29
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Baraka A, Louis F, Noueihid R, Diab M, Dabbous A, Sibai A. Awareness following different techniques of general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1989; 62:645-8. [PMID: 2502168 DOI: 10.1093/bja/62.6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the isolated arm technique, the frequency of awareness was evaluated in 50 full-term patients undergoing elective Caesarean section under general anaesthesia. In 20 patients, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 4 mg kg-1, and in the other 30 patients, induction was with ketamine 1.5 mg kg-1. Following suxamethonium 1.5 mg kg-1 and tracheal intubation, anaesthesia was supplemented during the induction-delivery period in the thiopentone group with 50% nitrous oxide and 0.5% halothane in oxygen in 10 patients, and with 1% halothane in 100% oxygen in the other 10 patients. In the ketamine group, the patients underwent ventilation with 50% nitrous oxide and 0.5% halothane in oxygen in 10 patients, with 1% halothane in 100% in 10 patients, and with 100% oxygen only in the last 10 patients. Awareness was significantly greater after induction with thiopentone (14/20) than after ketamine (4/30). There were no significant differences in Apgar scores or umbilical vein blood-gas values in the newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baraka
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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30
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Shapiro JR, Burn VE, Chipman SD, Jacobs JB, Schloo B, Reid L, Larsen N, Louis F. Pulmonary hypoplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta type II with defective synthesis of alpha I(1) procollagen. Bone 1989; 10:165-71. [PMID: 2803853 DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(89)90049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI type II), a heritable disorder of connective tissue occurs approximately once in 60,000 live births. Phenotypic characteristics include defective cranial ossification and severe skeletal deformity due to intrauterine rib and long bone fractures. Lethal OI may be associated with intracranial hemorrhage or severe respiratory insufficiency. Pulmonary hypoplasia has been previously observed in OI type II, but has not been defined clinically. The infant described herein was born with OI type II and pulmonary hypoplasia. Pathological examination of airway branching patterns indicated that lung development had progressed to only the 10 week stage with immature acinar development. Investigation type I collagen synthesis by cultured dermal fibroblasts revealed the presence of electrophoretically abnormal alpha 1(I) polypeptides. These findings suggest that biochemically regulated processes, as well as mechanical factors, may impeded pulmonary development in similar cases of OI type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Shapiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01604
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31
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Louis F, Diab M. Prolonged unilateral mydriasis after nasotracheal intubation. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 1988; 9:471. [PMID: 3193932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Louis
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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32
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Furetta C, Tuyn JW, Louis F, Azorin-Nieto J, Gutiérrez A, Driscoll CM. A method for determining simultaneously the dose and the elapsed time since irradiation using TLDs. Int J Rad Appl Instrum A 1988; 39:59-69. [PMID: 2828280 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(88)90093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Information about the time that has elapsed since an external radiation exposure is useful in order to determine the time of occurrence of an abnormal exposure in personal and accidental dosimetry is presented. This information can be obtained from certain irradiated thermoluminescent dosimeters. A computational method based on decay rates of thermoluminescence glow peaks has been used to estimate a range of suitable values of trap lifetimes of low temperature glow peaks. This provides a basis for the selection of an appropriate thermoluminescent material to assess not only the absorbed dose from a radiation exposure, but also the elapsed time. Experimental studies have been used to obtain additional information on decay rates as a function of energy, temperature and absorbed dose.
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Baraka A, Akel S, Muallem M, Haroun S, Baroody M, Sibai AN, Louis F. Bronchial intubation in children: does the tube bevel determine the side of intubation? Anesthesiology 1987; 67:869-70. [PMID: 3674510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Louis F. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage for intraoperative control of intracranial pressure. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 1987; 9:299-305. [PMID: 3431531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Louis
- Anesthesiology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Lebanon
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35
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Louis F. Myocardial ischemia following induced hypotension. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 1987; 9:293-7. [PMID: 3431530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Louis
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Lebanon
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Abstract
A multidisciplinary team composed of obstetricians, pediatricians, and pathologists examined the causes of 453 consecutive perinatal deaths, which occurred between 1978 to 1982. A clear distinction between obstetric diagnosis and infant cause of death was made, and a prinicpal obstetric and infant diagnosis was assigned to each death. Perinatal death rates by obstetric category were calculated. The rates varied from 6.1 per 1000 births in uncomplicated cases to 217.4 per 1000 births in isolated intrauterine growth retardation. The causes of perinatal death within obstetric categories were tabulated. Nonviability or the complications of prematurity (65%) were the leading causes of death when there was third-trimester bleeding, premature labor, or premature rupture of membranes. Anoxia (59%) was the most frequent cause of death when there was hypertension/pre-eclampsia or other uteroplacental insufficiency states. Death from congenital abnormality accounted for 17.7% of all perinatal deaths. A focus on the causes of perinatal death with obstetric diagnostic categories helps weigh the risk of prematurity versus the risk of anoxia in the management of high-risk gravidas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Newton
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Tufts University Affiliated Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts
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37
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Favre H, Siegenthaler G, Martin B, Roth D, Granges G, Louis F. Receptor-assay for endogenous inhibitors of Na-K ATPase. Klin Wochenschr 1987; 65 Suppl 8:49-52. [PMID: 3599802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now accepted that there is an endogenous digitalis-like substance (EDLS), previously called natriuretic factor, present in different mammalian species which participates to the regulation of the sodium balance and at least in some situations, to the genesis of hypertension. The physiological and pathophysiological role of this substance is well recognized. However, its chemical nature remains elusive. Our purpose was to define a receptor assay for this EDLS in order to be able to measure its concentration in urine and blood. To do so, we first prepared a pool of lyophylised urine from salt loaded men. The active material was isolated by Sephadex G25 chromatography. Using the same active fraction, we investigated its biological effects. Series of experiments have demonstrated the various properties of the EDLS: inducing natriuresis when injected into a rat, diminishing short circuit current in toad's bladder and colonic mucosa of rat in in vitro preparations, inhibiting Na-K ATPase activity in isolated toad's bladder cells, binding to ouabain receptors and cross-reacting with different antibodies directed against digoxin. Among these properties, the binding to ouabain receptors offers the unique opportunity to progress in our knowledges of the substance, making possible the calculation of its constant of affinity and the estimation of the molality of the active material contained in a gram of crude extract. Knowing the constant of affinity of the EDLS for its receptor would provide the best identification of the substance as long as we do not know its exact chemical nature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Nordmann JJ, Cazalis M, Dayanithi G, Castanas E, Giraud P, Legros JJ, Louis F. Are opioid peptides co-localized with vasopressin or oxytocin in the neural lobe of the rat? Cell Tissue Res 1986; 246:177-82. [PMID: 2877738 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The content of vasopressin, oxytocin, neurophysin, leucine-enkephalin, methionine-enkephalin, dynorphin-(1-13), and alpha-neoendorphin in the rat neurohypophysis was measured after different periods of dehydration and after depolarisation of isolated neural lobes and of neurosecretory nerve endings. The rates at which the amount of neurohypophysial hormone and opioid peptides decreased, and the changes in the ratios between the amount of vasopressin or oxytocin and opioid peptide in the neurohypophysis after dehydration and in the incubation medium after depolarization in vitro cast some doubt on, and can be explained by mechanisms other than co-localisation of the different peptides.
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Baraka A, Muallem M, Haroun S, Sibai AN, Louis F, Samara M, Zaytoun G, Feghali J, Usta N. Transtracheal jet ventilation for the difficult airway. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 1986; 8:387-91. [PMID: 3528795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Granai CO, Jelen I, Louis F, Kawada CY, Curry SL. The value of endocervical curettage as part of the standard colposcopic evaluation. J Reprod Med 1985; 30:373-5. [PMID: 4009557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether to perform endocervical curettage (ECC) as part of a routine colposcopic examination in patients with an abnormal Papanicolaou smear remains controversial. Some studies consider ECC an essential part of a colposcopic examination regardless of the level of the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ); others consider it superfluous in cases where the SCJ can be visualized. Between January 1980 and December 1982, 278 new patients with abnormal Papanicolaou smears underwent colposcopy. Directed biopsies established the degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and ruled out invasive disease. ECC was done on every patient. A total of 51 patients (18%) had a positive ECC. Seven patients could not be evaluated because their records were incomplete. Of the 44 evaluable patients, 32 (73%) had satisfactory colposcopy. In the remaining 12 (27%) the upper limit of the transformation zone could not be seen clearly; in that group the degrees of CIN on colposcopic biopsy and ECC were in agreement in two cases; ECC revealed the degree to be less severe in four cases and more severe in six (50%). In the group with satisfactory examinations, 15 had the same degree of CIN on colposcopic biopsy and ECC; ten had less severe and seven (22%), more severe degrees of CIN on ECC. Of greatest clinical importance was that, overall, 11.5% had a positive ECC despite a satisfactory colposcopic examination. This study indicated that ECC provides unique and important information, justifying its inclusion as part of the standard evaluation of every patient undergoing colposcopy for abnormal cervical cytology.
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Newton ER, Louis F, Dalton ME, Feingold M. Fetal neuroblastoma and catecholamine-induced maternal hypertension. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 65:49S-52S. [PMID: 3883272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A case of congenital neuroblastoma is presented. The interesting features are maternal symptomatology consistent with fetal production of catecholamines and the dilemmas of differential diagnosis. Observations are made on the frequency and diagnosis of fetal neoplasia. Antepartum detection of catecholamine metabolites may be the basis for the diagnosis of fetal neuroblastoma.
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42
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Baraka A, Haroun S, Slim M, Louis F, Yamut F, Saba L. Pulmonary artery clamping during Blalock-Taussig shunt--dead space effect. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 1985; 8:71-4. [PMID: 3925297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Chiodera P, Louis F, Legros JJ. Simultaneous radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin using DEAE Sephadex A 25 extraction. J Endocrinol Invest 1984; 7:287-93. [PMID: 6501802 DOI: 10.1007/bf03351004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay method for simultaneous measurement of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) has been developed utilizing an extraction technique on DEAE Sephadex A25. This procedure resulted in mean recoveries of 70.7% (AVP) and 65.4% (OT) in the peptide range of 5 to 100 pg/4 ml. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.5 pg/tube for AVP and 2 pg/tube for OT. The lower limit of detection for plasma extracts was 1.2 pg AVP/ml and 5 pg OT/ml plasma. Employing this method in normal human non smokers and ad libitum fluid the basal levels (mean +/- SE) of plasma AVP are 3.5 +/- 0.2 pg/ml in males and 4.6 +/- 0.4 pg/ml in females and the basal concentrations of plasma OT are 5.1 +/- 0.3 pg/ml in males and 5.4 +/- 0.3 pg/ml in females. Dehydration and water loading produced significant changes in plasma AVP and OT concentrations and a significant correlation exists between plasma AVP and plasma (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001) and urinary (r = 0.84, p less than 0.01) osmolality, but not between plasma OT concentrations and plasma (r = 0.11, NS) and urinary (r = 0.27, NS) osmolality. These results suggest that a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological changes in plasma AVP and OT can be simultaneously measured by the extraction procedure and the radioimmunoassay described.
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Abstract
An in vitro experimental model has been developed which allows the study of amnion lysosomal enzyme release under controlled conditions. Briefly, a layer of human amnion membrane mounted on a specially designed reaction vessel serves as the reaction surface. We have noted that the addition of particulate material to these membranes incubating in pseudoamniotic fluid results in an increased release of the lysosomal marker enzyme N-acetylglucosaminidase when compared to the release in the absence of particles. This release is completely inhibited by iodoacetate and slightly by azide. A similar increased release is also noted with the use of term amniotic fluid as incubation medium when compared to centrifuged (30,000 g/20 min) amniotic fluid. Lecithin and lysolecithin were effective in releasing increasing amounts of enzyme. This increased release was noted only from membranes of placentas collected from subjects who had undergone cesarean section prior to labor. Membranes collected from vaginal deliveries after labor showed a baseline increased release but no further stimulation upon the addition of any of the substances. These results suggest that the release of lysosomal enzymes from amnion membranes is brought about by substance(s) present in amniotic fluid. Very probably, these are surfactants. The interaction of these substances with amnion cells would eventually result in an exponential burst of prostaglandin synthesis, which would result in labor.
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Gauquelin G, Geelen G, Louis F, Allevard AM, Meunier C, Cuisinaud G, Benjanet S, Seidah NG, Chretien M, Legros JJ. Presence of vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysin in the retina of mammals, effect of light and darkness, comparison with the neuropeptide content of the neurohypophysis and the pineal gland. Peptides 1983; 4:509-15. [PMID: 6647119 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(83)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) as well as their CNS carrier neurophysins (Np) have been found in the pineal gland. In view of the analogy between the pineal gland and the retina, the contents of these neuropeptides in rat, human and bovine retinae were determined. AVP, OT and Np were detected by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) and their presence confirmed by RIA measurements (1) in rat and human retinae on HPLC fractions and (2) by the detection of the C-terminal portion of the precursor to AVP and its associated Np = propressophysin (CPP). The AVP and OT content in the retina of the rat was modified by light: AVP and OT content was smaller at 2 a.m. than at 2 p.m., but was increased by a 7 day constant exposure to darkness. In contrast, pituitary content was decreased after 7 days of constant darkness. If one optic nerve was cut we observed a decrease in retinal AVP content compared to the contralateral side and a decrease in pituitary AVP content. Our data clearly demonstrated the presence of AVP, OT and Np in the retina and their variation induced by light. It is probable that these peptides are of central origin.
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Crine AF, Louis F, Sulon J, Legros JJ. Changes in total serum immunoreactive neurophysins and corticosterone levels after restraint stress in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1983; 8:447-50. [PMID: 6675037 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(83)90025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study indicates that total immunoreactive circulating neurophysins (IRN) increased in male rats submitted to acute restraint stress. Total immunoreactive serum corticosterone levels also were elevated, confirming the stressful character of the restraint situation. It is speculatively suggested that IRN elevations due to stress are the reflection of a corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-IRN product.
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Andersen AN, Lund-Andersen C, Larsen JF, Christensen NJ, Legros JJ, Louis F, Angelo H, Molin J. Suppressed prolactin but normal neurophysin levels in cigarette smoking breast-feeding women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1982; 17:363-8. [PMID: 7139967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal responses to breast-feeding were studied during the first 3 post-partum weeks in ten women smoking more than fifteen cigarettes/day and in a control group. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower in smokers compared with non-smokers, but suckling induced acute increments in serum PRL and oxytocin-linked neurophysin, which were not influenced by smoking. The lactational pattern was normal, but smokers weaned their babies significantly earlier compared with non-smokers. Heavy cigarette smoking women have lower basal PRL levels and this may shorten the period of lactation.
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Gauquelin G, Geelen G, Allevard-Burguburu AM, Cellier M, Sempore B, Louis F, Legros JJ, Gharib C. Presence of neurophysins I and II in the human pineal gland: comparison with the content of neurohypophyseal hormones. Peptides 1982; 3:805-9. [PMID: 7177924 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have previously measured the individual content of immunoreactive vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT) and vasotocin (AVT) in 155 human pineal glands, and report here identification and measurement of the neurophysin (Np) content of the same glands, using specific homologous human neurophysin I (HNp I) and neurophysin II (HNp II) radioimmunoassays. Median values for HNp I were for men 47 ng/gland (range, 5 to 1360) and for women 24 ng/gland (range, 5 to 1000); median values for HNp II were respectively 7 ng/gland (range, 2 to 191) and 15 ng/gland (range, 2 to 356) with no significant difference between men and women for HNp I and HNp II but a significant difference (p less than 0.001) between HNp I and HNp II for both sexes. Gel filtration showed that pineal neurophysins were eluted at the same volume as both standard Np and Np from human posthypophyses used as controls. HNp I correlated both with AVP (rs = 0.54 for men and 0.55 for women) and OT (rs = 0.86 for men and 0.57 for women) but not with AVT, while HNp II correlated with AVP (rs = 0.52 for men and 0.53 for women) and OT (rs = 0.92 for men and 0.50 for women) but not with AVT. This study thus confirms the presence of two neurophysins in the human pineal gland and further indicates that they are related to AVP and OT concentrations in the same gland. The results also imply, however, that the presence of immunoreactive AVT (more probably a closely related peptide) is independent of the neurophysins.
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Abstract
Total immunoreactive neurophysins levels increased significantly in rats after they had been trained in a situation based on the innate light-dark avoidance principle. These levels varied according to the amount of 'familiarisation cues' which characterised the situation. The results are discussed in terms of arousal/stress-neurophysins relationships.
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