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Zhou X, Shen X, Johnson JS, Spakowicz DJ, Agnello M, Zhou W, Avina M, Honkala A, Chleilat F, Chen SJ, Cha K, Leopold S, Zhu C, Chen L, Lyu L, Hornburg D, Wu S, Zhang X, Jiang C, Jiang L, Jiang L, Jian R, Brooks AW, Wang M, Contrepois K, Gao P, Rose SMSF, Tran TDB, Nguyen H, Celli A, Hong BY, Bautista EJ, Dorsett Y, Kavathas PB, Zhou Y, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Snyder MP. Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:506-526.e9. [PMID: 38479397 PMCID: PMC11022754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To understand the dynamic interplay between the human microbiome and host during health and disease, we analyzed the microbial composition, temporal dynamics, and associations with host multi-omics, immune, and clinical markers of microbiomes from four body sites in 86 participants over 6 years. We found that microbiome stability and individuality are body-site specific and heavily influenced by the host. The stool and oral microbiome are more stable than the skin and nasal microbiomes, possibly due to their interaction with the host and environment. We identify individual-specific and commonly shared bacterial taxa, with individualized taxa showing greater stability. Interestingly, microbiome dynamics correlate across body sites, suggesting systemic dynamics influenced by host-microbial-environment interactions. Notably, insulin-resistant individuals show altered microbial stability and associations among microbiome, molecular markers, and clinical features, suggesting their disrupted interaction in metabolic disease. Our study offers comprehensive views of multi-site microbial dynamics and their relationship with host health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Xiaotao Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jethro S Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monica Avina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Honkala
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Healthcare Innovation Labs, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shirley Jingyi Chen
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Labs, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kexin Cha
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Labs, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shana Leopold
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PRC
| | - Lin Lyu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PRC
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PRC
| | - Liuyiqi Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PRC
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Jian
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew W Brooks
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Hoan Nguyen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Alessandra Celli
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Woody L Hunt School of Dental Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Eddy J Bautista
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Headquarters-Mosquera, Cundinamarca 250047, Colombia
| | - Yair Dorsett
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Paula B Kavathas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Healthcare Innovation Labs, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Nshanian M, Geller BS, Gruber JJ, Chleilat F, Camarillo JM, Kelleher NL, Zhao Y, Snyder MP. Short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate control growth and differentiation linked to cellular metabolism. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3935562. [PMID: 38410440 PMCID: PMC10896393 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3935562/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) propionate and butyrate are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. In order to better understand the function of these modifications we used ChIP-seq to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks H3K18pr/bu and H4K12pr/bu in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells, as well as in mouse intestines in vivo. We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions along with gene expression to access the function of the target regions. Our data demonstrate that propionate and butyrate act as promoters of growth, differentiation as well as ion transport. We propose a mechanism involving direct modification of specific genomic regions, resulting in increased chromatin accessibility, and in case of butyrate, opposing effects on the proliferation of normal versus CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nshanian
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Benjamin S Geller
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joshua J Gruber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeannie Marie Camarillo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Zhou X, Shen X, Johnson JS, Spakowicz DJ, Agnello M, Zhou W, Avina M, Honkala A, Chleilat F, Chen SJ, Cha K, Leopold S, Zhu C, Chen L, Lyu L, Hornburg D, Wu S, Zhang X, Jiang C, Jiang L, Jiang L, Jian R, Brooks AW, Wang M, Contrepois K, Gao P, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Binh Tran TD, Nguyen H, Celli A, Hong BY, Bautista EJ, Dorsett Y, Kavathas P, Zhou Y, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Snyder MP. Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.01.577565. [PMID: 38352363 PMCID: PMC10862915 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.577565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To understand dynamic interplay between the human microbiome and host during health and disease, we analyzed the microbial composition, temporal dynamics, and associations with host multi-omics, immune and clinical markers of microbiomes from four body sites in 86 participants over six years. We found that microbiome stability and individuality are body-site-specific and heavily influenced by the host. The stool and oral microbiome were more stable than the skin and nasal microbiomes, possibly due to their interaction with the host and environment. Also, we identified individual-specific and commonly shared bacterial taxa, with individualized taxa showing greater stability. Interestingly, microbiome dynamics correlated across body sites, suggesting systemic coordination influenced by host-microbial-environment interactions. Notably, insulin-resistant individuals showed altered microbial stability and associations between microbiome, molecular markers, and clinical features, suggesting their disrupted interaction in metabolic disease. Our study offers comprehensive views of multi-site microbial dynamics and their relationship with host health and disease. Study Highlights The stability of the human microbiome varies among individuals and body sites.Highly individualized microbial genera are more stable over time.At each of the four body sites, systematic interactions between the environment, the host and bacteria can be detected.Individuals with insulin resistance have lower microbiome stability, a more diversified skin microbiome, and significantly altered host-microbiome interactions.
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Nshanian M, Geller BS, Gruber JJ, Chleilat F, Camarillo JM, Kelleher NL, Zhao Y, Snyder MP. Short-chain fatty acids propionate and butyrate control growth and differentiation linked to cellular metabolism. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.11.575111. [PMID: 38293216 PMCID: PMC10827076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) propionate and butyrate are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. In order to better understand the function of these modifications we used ChIP-seq to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks H3K18pr/bu and H4K12pr/bu in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells, as well as in mouse intestines in vivo . We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions along with gene expression to access the function of the target regions. Our data demonstrate that propionate and butyrate act as promoters of growth, differentiation as well as ion transport. We propose a mechanism involving direct modification of specific genomic regions, resulting in increased chromatin accessibility, and in case of butyrate, opposing effects on the proliferation of normal versus CRC cells.
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Deleemans JM, Chleilat F, Reimer RA, Lawal OA, Baydoun M, Piedalue KA, Lowry DE, Carlson LE. Associations Between Health Behaviors, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis from the Chemo-Gut Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241240141. [PMID: 38517129 PMCID: PMC10960346 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241240141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, are actions individuals take that can potentially impact gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the gut microbiota. Little is known about how health behaviors impact GI symptoms and the gut microbiota after anti-cancer therapies. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study that investigated relationships between GI symptoms, gut microbiota, and patient-reported outcomes in adult cancer survivors. Gut microbiota was assessed from stool samples using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. GI symptoms and health behaviors were measured via self-report. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and correlation analyses are reported. RESULTS A total of 334 cancer survivors participated, and a subsample of 17 provided stool samples. Most survivors rated their diet as moderately healthy (55.7%) and reported engaging in low intensity exercise (53.9%) for ≤5 h/week (69.1%). Antibiotic use was associated with more belly pain, constipation, and diarrhea (P < .05). Survivors consuming a healthier diet had fewer symptoms of belly pain (P = .03), gas/bloating (P = .01), while higher protein consumption was associated with less belly pain (P = .03). Better diet health was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae abundance, and negatively with Bacteroides abundance (P < .05). Greater exercise frequency positively correlated with abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Anaerostipes, Alistipes, and Subdoligranulum (P < .05). CONCLUSION Results provide evidence for associations between antibiotic use, probiotic use, dietary health behaviors, and GI symptoms. Diet and exercise behaviors are related to certain types of bacteria, but the direction of causality is unknown. Dietary-based interventions may be optimally suited to address survivors' GI symptoms by influencing the gut microbiota. Larger trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Gutierrez MW, van Tilburg Bernardes E, Kalbfleisch K, Chleilat F, Arrieta MC. A20 EARLY-LIFE FUNGAL COLONIZATION MEDIATES HOST METABOLISM AND WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION IN MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991208 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome has been linked to metabolic diseases including obesity, however the role of fungi (mycobiome) remains understudied. Recently, fungal taxa have been correlated with obesity in humans, though their causal contribution to obesity development, especially in the context of early life, is unknown. Obesity has been associated with metabolic inflammation, including alterations to the white adipose tissue (WAT) immune landscape, which has been shown to be influenced by the microbiome. Given the potent modulation of host immunity by the mycobiome, it is plausible that it also influences WAT inflammation. Purpose This research aimed to explore the role of early-life colonization by specific fungal taxa in obesity development and WAT inflammation. Method Gnotobiotic mice were colonized from birth with 12 mouse-derived bacteria (Oligo-MM12) alone or in combination with Candida albicans or Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Mice were weaned onto a control or high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) and evaluated at 12 weeks for metabolic and associated inflammatory outcomes. Result(s) C. albicans colonization reduced body weight in mice fed control diet, and induced resistance to weight and adiposity gain in mice fed HFHS. In contrast, R. mucilaginosa colonization was associated with increased adiposity in mice fed control diet, and elevated glycemia and LDL-cholesterol in mice fed HFHS. Fungal colonization had a broad impact on immune cells in white adipose tissue. C. albicans colonization was associated with increased adipose tissue inflammation with elevated Th1, Th17, ɣδT cells, ILC1, NK cells, cDC1 and neutrophils independently of diet. Additionally, vascular associated macrophages (VAM), CX3CR1+ macrophages and DCs, and ILC3 were elevated in mice fed control diet, while mice fed HFHS displayed elevated Th2, CD8+ T cells and eosinophils. In contrast, R. mucilaginosa colonized mice displayed decreased adipose tissue B cells and increased VAMs when fed control diet, and increased CX3CR1+ DCs when fed HFHS. Interestingly, C. albicans colonization was associated with increased relative expression of mPgc1⍺ in white adipose tissue of HFHS fed mice, indicative of enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion(s) Elevated adipose tissue inflammation with C. albicans colonization suggests dysfunction of energy storage and may explain the decreased body weight and resistance to diet-induced obesity, while the immune changes in R. mucilaginosa colonized mice may exacerbate obesity development. This work revealed that two common fungal colonizers have distinct and striking influences on obesity and metabolic inflammation and prompts for the inclusion of fungi in microbiome studies on host metabolism. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR, Other Please indicate your source of funding Cumming School of Medicine Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Gutierrez
- Physiology & Pharmacology,Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - K Kalbfleisch
- Physiology & Pharmacology,Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - F Chleilat
- Physiology & Pharmacology,Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M -C Arrieta
- Physiology & Pharmacology,Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Noye Tuplin EW, Alukic E, Lowry DE, Chleilat F, Wang W, Cho NA, Sampsell K, Sales KM, Mayengbam S, McCoy KD, Reimer RA. Dietary fiber combinations to mitigate the metabolic, microbial, and cognitive imbalances resulting from diet-induced obesity in rats. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22269. [PMID: 35344215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber promotes a healthy gut microbiome and shows promise in attenuating the unfavorable microbial changes resulting from a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet. High-fiber diets consisting of oligofructose alone (HFS/O) or in combination with β-glucan (HFS/OB), resistant starch (HFS/OR), or β-glucan and resistant starch (HFS/OBR) were fed to diet-induced obese rats for 8 weeks to determine if these fibers could attenuate the obese phenotype. Only the HFS/O group displayed a decrease in body weight and body fat, but all fiber interventions improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive function. The HFS/O diet was the least effective at improving cognitive function and only the HFS/OB group showed improvements in glucose tolerance, thus highlighting the differential effects of fiber types. Hippocampal cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) were more pronounced in the HFS/OB group which coincided with the most time spend in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. All fiber groups showed an increase in beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance while the HFS group showed higher abundance of Clostridium. Fecal microbiota transplant from fiber-treated rats into germ-free mice did not alter body composition in the mice but did result in a higher abundance of Bacteroides in the HFS/O and HFS/OB groups compared to HFS. The HFS/OB recipient mice also had higher insulin sensitivity compared to the other groups. This study highlights the influence of dietary fiber type on metabolic and cognitive outcomes suggesting that the type of supplementation (single or combined fibers) could be tailored to specific targeted outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dana E Lowry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weilan Wang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate M Sales
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Chleilat F, Schick A, Deleemans JM, Ma K, Alukic E, Wong J, Noye Tuplin EW, Nettleton JE, Reimer RA. Paternal high protein diet modulates body composition, insulin sensitivity, epigenetics, and gut microbiota intergenerationally in rats. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21847. [PMID: 34405464 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100198rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that paternal diet programs offspring metabolism. However, the contribution of a pre-conception paternal high protein (HP) diet to offspring metabolism, gut microbiota, and epigenetic changes remains unclear. Here we show that paternal HP intake in Sprague Dawley rats programs protective metabolic outcomes in offspring. Compared to paternal high fat/sucrose (HF/S), HP diet improved body composition and insulin sensitivity and improved circulating satiety hormones and cecal short-chain fatty acids compared to HF/S and control diet (P < .05). Further, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess gut microbial composition, we observed increased alpha diversity, distinct bacterial clustering, and increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Marvinbryantia in HP fathers and/or male and female adult offspring. At the epigenetic level, DNMT1and 3b expression was altered intergenerationally. Our study identifies paternal HP diet as a modulator of gut microbial composition, epigenetic markers, and metabolic function intergenerationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julie M Deleemans
- Division of Medical Science and Psychosocial Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kyle Ma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jolene Wong
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Chleilat F, Schick A, Reimer RA. Microbiota Changes in Fathers Consuming a High Prebiotic Fiber Diet Have Minimal Effects on Male and Female Offspring in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:820. [PMID: 33801321 PMCID: PMC8001975 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming a diet high in prebiotic fiber has been associated with improved metabolic and gut microbial parameters intergenerationally, although studies have been limited to maternal intake with no studies examining this effect in a paternal model. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to either (1) control or (2) oligofructose-supplemented diet for nine weeks and then mated. Offspring consumed control diet until 16 weeks of age. Bodyweight, body composition, glycemia, hepatic triglycerides, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiota composition were measured in fathers and offspring. RESULTS Paternal energy intake was reduced, while satiety inducing peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) gut hormone was increased in prebiotic versus control fathers. Increased serum PYY persisted in female prebiotic adult offspring. Hepatic triglycerides were decreased in prebiotic fathers with a similar trend (p = 0.07) seen in female offspring. Gut microbial composition showed significantly reduced alpha diversity in prebiotic fathers at 9 and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.001), as well as concurrent differences in beta diversity (p < 0.001), characterized by differences in Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and particularly Bifidobacterium animalis. Female prebiotic offspring had higher alpha diversity at 3 and 9 weeks of age (p < 0.002) and differences in beta diversity at 15 weeks of age (p = 0.04). Increases in Bacteroidetes in female offspring and Christensenellaceae in male offspring were seen at nine weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Although paternal prebiotic intake before conception improves metabolic and microbiota outcomes in fathers, effects on offspring were limited with increased serum satiety hormone levels and changes to only select gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Noye Tuplin EW, Chleilat F, Alukic E, Reimer RA. The Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation During Critical Periods of Development on the Mesolimbic Dopamine System. Neuroscience 2021; 459:166-178. [PMID: 33588004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)s are a key component in human milk and represent an important dietary modulator of infant gut microbiota composition and associated gut-brain axis development and homeostasis. The brain reward system, specifically the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in the motivation and preference for food. The objective of the present study was to determine if HMO fortified diets given during the critical period of reward system development (p21) could affect the structure of the reward system. At weaning (p21), Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to one of four fortified diet groups: Control, 3'sialyllactose (3'FL), 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), or a combination of 3'SL and 2'FL (3'SL + 2'FL). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was quantified for DA and appetite associated markers in the VTA and NAc and western blots measured the immediate early gene FosB and its isoform ΔFosB. Females fed the 3'SL + 2'FL fortified diet displayed a decrease in DAT expression in the VTA and an increase in leptin expression in the NAc. Females displayed an overall lower expression of NAc D2, VTA ghrelinR, and VTA leptin. In males, VTA DAT and FosB were negatively correlated with body weight and systemic leptin. Sex differences in the expression of DA markers underscore the need to investigate this phenomenon and understand the functional significance in preventing or treating obesity. This study highlights sex differences in response to HMO supplementation and the need for further investigations into the functional significance of nutritional interventions during DA system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Noye Tuplin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Klancic T, Laforest-Lapointe I, Wong J, Choo A, Nettleton JE, Chleilat F, Arrieta MC, Reimer RA. Concurrent Prebiotic Intake Reverses Insulin Resistance Induced by Early-Life Pulsed Antibiotic in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010066. [PMID: 33445530 PMCID: PMC7827688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) early in life increases risk of obesity. Prebiotics can reduce fat mass and improve metabolic health. We examined if co-administering prebiotic with PAT reduces obesity risk in rat pups weaned onto a high fat/sucrose diet. Pups were randomized to (1) control [CTR], (2) antibiotic [ABT] (azithromycin), (3) prebiotic [PRE] (10% oligofructose (OFS)), (4) antibiotic + prebiotic [ABT + PRE]. Pulses of antibiotics/prebiotics were administered at d19-21, d28-30 and d37-39. Male and female rats given antibiotics (ABT) had higher body weight than all other groups at 10 wk of age. The PAT phenotype was stronger in ABT males than females, where increased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were present and all reversible with prebiotics. Reduced hypothalamic and hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrates and ileal tight junction proteins was seen in males only, explaining their greater insulin resistance. In females, insulin resistance was improved with prebiotics and normalized to lean control. ABT reduced Lactobacillaceae and increased Bacteroidaceae in both sexes. Using a therapeutic dose of an antibiotic commonly used for acute infection in children, PAT increased body weight and impaired insulin production and insulin sensitivity. The effects were reversed with prebiotic co-administration in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (I.L.-L.); (M.-C.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jolene Wong
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Ashley Choo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Jodi E. Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (I.L.-L.); (M.-C.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-8218
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Mayengbam S, Chleilat F, Reimer RA. Dietary Vitamin B6 Deficiency Impairs Gut Microbiota and Host and Microbial Metabolites in Rats. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110469. [PMID: 33147768 PMCID: PMC7693528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions but bacteria-produced vitamin B6 is not sufficient to meet host requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of diet-derived vitamin B6 on gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 47) were fed a control, low B6 (LB6) or high B6 (HB6) diet for six weeks. Serum and cecal samples were collected for biochemical, metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. There was a significant sex effect for gut microbiota and several metabolic markers. Bodyweight and percent body fat were significantly reduced in LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. Microbial beta-diversity differed significantly between LB6 and the control and HB6 rats in both sexes. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides were the primary taxa driving the difference between LB6 and control. There was a significant separation of cecal and serum metabolites of LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. In the cecum, arginine biosynthesis was impaired, while vitamin B6 metabolism, lysine degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were impaired in serum metabolite profiles. Cecal propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced in LB6 rats irrespective of sex. Host vitamin B6 deficiency but not excess significantly alters gut microbial composition and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Nettleton JE, Cho NA, Klancic T, Nicolucci AC, Shearer J, Borgland SL, Johnston LA, Ramay HR, Noye Tuplin E, Chleilat F, Thomson C, Mayengbam S, McCoy KD, Reimer RA. Maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring. Gut 2020; 69:1807-1817. [PMID: 31996393 PMCID: PMC7497576 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of maternal low-dose aspartame and stevia consumption on adiposity, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota and mesolimbic pathway in obese dams and their offspring. DESIGN Following obesity induction, female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to: (1) high fat/sucrose diet (HFS) +water (obese-WTR); (2) HFS +aspartame (obese-APM; 5-7 mg/kg/day); (3) HFS +stevia (obese-STV; 2-3 mg/kg/day). Offspring were weaned onto control diet and water and followed until 18 weeks. Gut microbiota and metabolic outcomes were measured in dams and offspring. Cecal matter from offspring at weaning was used for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) mice. RESULTS Maternal APM and STV intake with a HFS diet increased body fat in offspring at weaning and body weight long-term with APM. Maternal APM/HFS consumption impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring at age 8 weeks and both APM and STV altered faecal microbiota in dams and offspring. Maternal obesity/HFS diet affected offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance more so than maternal LCS consumption at age 12 and 18 weeks. APM and STV altered expression of genes in the mesolimbic reward system that may promote consumption of a palatable diet. GF mice receiving an FMT from obese-APM and obese-STV offspring had greater weight gain and body fat and impaired glucose tolerance compared with obese-WTR. CONCLUSION Maternal low-calorie sweetener consumption alongside HFS may disrupt weight regulation, glucose control and gut microbiota in dams and their offspring most notably in early life despite no direct low-calorie sweetener consumption by offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Leah A Johnston
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hena R Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Noye Tuplin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Klancic T, Laforest-Lapointe I, Choo A, Nettleton JE, Chleilat F, Noye Tuplin EW, Alukic E, Cho NA, Nicolucci AC, Arrieta MC, Reimer RA. Prebiotic Oligofructose Prevents Antibiotic-Induced Obesity Risk and Improves Metabolic and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Rat Dams and Offspring. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000288. [PMID: 32610365 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Antibiotics in early life disrupt microbiota and increase obesity risk. Dietary agents such as prebiotics may reduce obesity risk. The authors examine how antibiotics administered with/without prebiotic oligofructose, alter metabolic and microbial outcomes in pregnant rats and their offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant rats are randomized to: 1) Control, 2) Antibiotic (ABT), 3) Prebiotic (PRE), 4) Antibiotic+Prebiotic (ABT+PRE) during the 3rd week of pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were fed a high fat/high sucrose (HFS) diet from 9-17 weeks of age to unmask obesity risk. ABT dams had higher body weight, body fat and leptin during lactation than all other groups. Prebiotics attenuate these outcomes and increase cecal Bifidobacterium. ABT offspring have higher body weight, fat mass, and liver triglycerides after HFS diet, with a stronger phenotype in males; prebiotics attenuate these. At weaning, male ABT offspring have lower Lactobacillus while PRE and ABT+PRE offspring had higher Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Fecal microbiota transfer of adult offspring cecal matter could not reliably transfer the obese ABT phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic use during pregnancy/lactation increases adiposity and impairs post-partum weight loss in dams. Co-administering prebiotics with antibiotics in rat dams prevented obesity risk in offspring and is associated with altered gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Ashley Choo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Erin W Noye Tuplin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alissa C Nicolucci
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Chleilat F, Klancic T, Ma K, Schick A, Nettleton JE, Reimer RA. Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation Affects Intestinal Barrier Function and Microbial Composition in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Young Sprague Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051532. [PMID: 32466125 PMCID: PMC7284880 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are chief maternal milk constituents that feed the intestinal microbiota and drive maturation of the infant gut. Our objective was to determine whether supplementing individual HMOs to a weanling diet alters growth and gut health in rats. Healthy three-week-old Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomized to control, 2'-O-fucosyllactose (2'FL)- and 3'sialyllactose (3'SL)-fortified diets alone or in combination at physiological doses for eight weeks. Body composition, intestinal permeability, serum cytokines, fecal microbiota composition, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the gastrointestinal tract were assessed. Males fed a control diet were 10% heavier and displayed elevated interleukin (IL-18) (p = 0.01) in serum compared to all HMO-fortified groups at week 11. No differences in body composition were detected between groups. In females, HMOs did not affect body weight but 2'FL + 3'SL significantly increased cecum weight. All female HMO-fortified groups displayed significant reductions in intestinal permeability compared to controls (p = 0.02). All HMO-fortified diets altered gut microbiota composition and mRNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract, albeit differently according to sex. Supplementation with a fraction of the HMOs found in breast milk has a complex sex-dependent risk/benefit profile. Further long-term investigation of gut microbial profiles and supplementation with other HMOs during early development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (F.C.); (T.K.); (K.M.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (F.C.); (T.K.); (K.M.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Kyle Ma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (F.C.); (T.K.); (K.M.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Jodi E. Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (F.C.); (T.K.); (K.M.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (F.C.); (T.K.); (K.M.); (J.E.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Deleemans JM, Chleilat F, Reimer RA, Henning JW, Baydoun M, Piedalue KA, McLennan A, Carlson LE. The chemo-gut study: investigating the long-term effects of chemotherapy on gut microbiota, metabolic, immune, psychological and cognitive parameters in young adult Cancer survivors; study protocol. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1243. [PMID: 31870331 PMCID: PMC6927187 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is an important modulator of immune, metabolic, psychological and cognitive mechanisms. Chemotherapy adversely affects the gut microbiota, inducing acute dysbiosis, and alters physiological and psychological function. Cancer among young adults has risen 38% in recent decades. Understanding chemotherapy's long-term effects on gut microbiota and psycho-physiological function is critical to improve survivors' physical and mental health, but remains unexamined. Restoration of the gut microbiota via targeted therapies (e.g. probiotics) could potentially prevent or reverse the psycho-physiological deficits often found in young survivors following chemotherapy, ultimately leading to reduced symptom burden and improved health. METHODS This longitudinal study investigates chemotherapy induced long-term gut dysbiosis, and associations between gut microbiota, and immune, metabolic, cognitive and psychological parameters using data collected at < 2 month (T1), 3-4 months (T2), and 5-6 months (T3) post-chemotherapy. Participants will be 18-39 year old blood or solid tumor cancer survivors (n = 50), and a healthy sibling, partner or friend as a control (n = 50). Gut microbiota composition will be measured from fecal samples using 16 s RNA sequencing. Psychological and cognitive patient reported outcome measures will include depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, pain, fatigue, and social and cognitive function. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) will be used to measure fat and lean mass, and bone mineral concentration. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serotonin, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be measured in serum, and long-term cortisol will be assayed from hair. Regression and linear mixed model (LMM) analyses will examine associations across time points (T1 - T3), between groups, and covariates with gut microbiota, cognitive, psychological, and physiological parameters. CONCLUSION Knowing what bacterial species are depleted after chemotherapy, how long these effects last, and the physiological mechanisms that may drive psychological and cognitive issues among survivors will allow for targeted, integrative interventions to be developed, helping to prevent or reverse some of the late-effects of treatment that many young cancer survivors face. This protocol has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta Cancer Committee (ID: HREBA.CC-19-0018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Deleemans
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Medical Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Mohamad Baydoun
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Katherine-Ann Piedalue
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andrew McLennan
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda E. Carlson
- Cumming School of Medicine, Division of Psychosocial Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Nettleton JE, Klancic T, Schick A, Choo AC, Shearer J, Borgland SL, Chleilat F, Mayengbam S, Reimer RA. Low-Dose Stevia (Rebaudioside A) Consumption Perturbs Gut Microbiota and the Mesolimbic Dopamine Reward System. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1248. [PMID: 31159256 PMCID: PMC6627124 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia is a natural low-calorie sweetener that is growing in popularity in food and beverage products. Despite its widespread use, little is understood of its impact on the gut microbiota, an important environmental factor that can mediate metabolism and subsequent obesity and disease risk. Furthermore, given previous reports of dysbiosis with some artificial low-calorie sweeteners, we wanted to understand whether prebiotic consumption could rescue potential stevia-mediated changes in gut microbiota. Three-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to consume: (1) Water (CTR); (2) Rebaudioside A (STV); (3) prebiotic (PRE); (4) Rebaudioside A + prebiotic (SP) (n = 8/group) for 9 weeks. Rebaudioside was added to drinking water and prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin added to control diet (10%). Body weight and feces were collected weekly and food and fluid intake biweekly. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, gut permeability tests, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and tissue harvest were performed at age 12 weeks. Rebaudioside A consumption alone did not alter weight gain or glucose tolerance compared to CTR. Rebaudioside A did, however, alter gut microbiota composition and reduce nucleus accumbens tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter mRNA levels compared to CTR. Prebiotic animals, alone or with Rebaudioside A, had reduced fat mass, food intake, and gut permeability and cecal SCFA concentration. Adding Rebaudioside A did not interfere with the benefits of the prebiotic except for a significant reduction in cecal weight. Long-term low-dose Rebaudioside A consumption had little effect on glucose metabolism and weight gain; however, its impact on gut microbial taxa should be further examined in populations exhibiting dysbiosis such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Ashley C Choo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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