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Bignard J, Atassi F, Claude O, Ghigna MR, Mougenot N, Soilih Abdoulkarim B, Deknuydt F, Gestin A, Monceau V, Montani D, Nadaud S, Soubrier F, Perros F. T-cell dysregulation and inflammatory process in Gcn2 (Eif2ak4 -/-) deficient rats in basal and stress conditions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L609-L624. [PMID: 36852942 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00460.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (hPVOD) is a severe form of autosomal recessive pulmonary hypertension due to biallelic loss-of-function of the EIF2AK4 gene (alias GCN2) coding for GCN2. GCN2 is a stress kinase that belongs to the integrated stress response pathway (ISR). Three rat lines carrying biallelic Gcn2 mutation were generated and found phenotypically normal and did not spontaneously develop a PVOD-related disease. We submitted these rats to amino acid deprivation to document the molecular and cellular response of the lungs and to identify phenotypic changes that could be involved in PVOD pathophysiology. Gcn2-/- rat lungs were analyzed under basal conditions and three days after a single administration of PEG-asparaginase (ASNase). Lung mRNAS were analyzed by RNASeq and single cell RNASeq (scRNA-seq), flow-cytometry, tissue imaging, and western-blots. The ISR was not activated after ASNase treatment in Gcn2-/- rat lungs, and apoptosis was increased. Several proinflammatory and innate immunity genes were overexpressed, and inflammatory cells infiltration was also observed in the perivascular area. Under basal conditions, scRNA-seq analysis of Gcn2-/- rat lungs revealed increases in two T cell populations, a LAG3+ T cell population and a proliferative T cell population. Following ASNase administration, we observed an increase in calprotectin expression involved in TLR pathway activation and neutrophil infiltration. In conclusion, under basal and asparagine and glutamine deprivation induced by asparaginase administration, Gcn2-/- rats display molecular and cellular signatures in the lungs that may indicate a role for Gcn2 in immune homeostasis and provide further clues to the mechanisms of hPVOD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrice Atassi
- UMR_S1166 ICAN INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Claude
- UMR_S1166 ICAN INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France), Villejuif, France.,UMR_S 999 INSERM, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- UMS28, Plateforme d'Expérimentation Coeur, Muscles, Vaisseaux (PECMV), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Deknuydt
- Flow cytometry core Cyto-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Gestin
- Flow cytometry core Cyto-ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - David Montani
- UMR_S 999 INSERM, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- UMR_S1166 ICAN INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Perros
- UMR_S 999 INSERM, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310 Pierre-Bénite and F-69500 Bron, France
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Alvarez-Rueda N, Albassier M, Allain S, Deknuydt F, Altare F, Le Pape P. Premier modèle humain de granulome à Candida albicans pour l’étude in vitro des interactions hôte–agent fongique. J Mycol Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alvarez-Rueda N, Albassier M, Allain S, Deknuydt F, Altare F, Le Pape P. First human model of in vitro Candida albicans persistence within granuloma for the reliable study of host-fungi interactions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40185. [PMID: 22768252 PMCID: PMC3387014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgound The balance between human innate immune system and Candida albicans virulence signaling mechanisms ultimately dictates the outcome of fungal invasiveness and its pathology. To better understand the pathophysiology and to identify fungal virulence-associated factors in the context of persistence in humans, complex models are indispensable. Although fungal virulence factors have been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo using different immune cell subsets and cell lines, it is unclear how C. albicans survives inside complex tissue granulomas. Methodology/Principal Finding We developed an original model of in vitro human granuloma, reproducing the natural granulomatous response to C. albicans. Persistent granulomas were obtained when the ratio of phagocytes to fungi was high. This in vitro fungal granuloma mimics natural granulomas, with infected macrophages surrounded by helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A small proportion of granulomas exhibited C. albicans hyphae. Histological and time-lapse analysis showed that C. albicans blastoconidia were located within the granulomas before hyphae formation. Using staining techniques, fungal load calculations, as well as confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we describe the kinetics of fungal granuloma formation. We provide the first direct evidence that C. albicans are not eliminated by immunocompetent cells inside in vitro human granulomas. In fact, after an initial candicidal period, the remaining yeast proliferate and persist under very complex immune responses. Conclusions/Significance Using an original in vitro model of human fungal granuloma, we herein present the evidence that C. albicans persist and grow into immunocompetent granulomatous structures. These results will guide us towards a better understanding of fungal invasiveness and, henceforth, will also help in the development of better strategies for its control in human physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Alvarez-Rueda
- Département de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155– IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie de Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (PLP); (NAR)
| | - Marjorie Albassier
- Département de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155– IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie de Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Allain
- CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Frédéric Altare
- CRCNA, Inserm U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Département de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155– IICiMed, Faculté de Pharmacie de Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail: (PLP); (NAR)
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Deknuydt F, Scotet E, Bonneville M. Modulation of inflammation through IL-17 production by gammadelta T cells: mandatory in the mouse, dispensable in humans? Immunol Lett 2009; 127:8-12. [PMID: 19682496 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that gammadelta T cells are innate IL-17 producers owing to unique features of their developmental program. A key contribution of this subset to T helper 17 responses has been also suggested by numerous physiopathological studies mainly performed in mouse models. In the present review, we will summarize the main features of IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells and highlight the similarities and differences between murine gammadelta T cells and their human counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Deknuydt
- INSERM, U892, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, 44007 Nantes, France
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Ayyoub M, Deknuydt F, Raimbaud I, Dousset C, Leveque L, Bioley G, Valmori D. Human memory FOXP3+ Tregs secrete IL-17 ex vivo and constitutively express the T(H)17 lineage-specific transcription factor RORgamma t. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8635-40. [PMID: 19439651 PMCID: PMC2688993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900621106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a close relationship between CD4(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and proinflammatory IL-17-producing T helper cells (T(H)17) expressing the lineage-specific transcription factor RORgamma t. We report here the unexpected finding that human memory Tregs secrete IL-17 ex vivo and constitutively express RORgamma t. IL-17-secreting Tregs share some phenotypic and functional features with conventional T(H)17 cells, expressing high levels of CCR4 and CCR6 and low levels of CXCR3. However, unlike conventional T(H)17 cells, they express low levels of CD161 and mostly fail to cosecrete IL-22 and TNF-alpha ex vivo. Ex vivo secretion of IL-17 and constitutive expression of RORgamma t by human memory Tregs suggest that, in addition to their well-known suppressive functions, these cells likely play additional, as yet undescribed, proinflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ayyoub
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Centre René Gauducheau, 44800 Saint Herblain, France.
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Ayyoub M, Deknuydt F, Raimbaud I, Dousset C, Leveque L, Bioley G, Valmori D. Human memory FOXP3+ Treg secrete IL-17 ex-vivo and constitutively express the TH17 lineage specific transcription factor RORγt (33.14). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.33.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a close relationship between CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and pro-inflammatory IL-17-producing T helper cells (TH17) expressing the lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt. We report here the unexpected finding that human memory Treg secrete IL-17 ex-vivo and constitutively express RORγt. IL-17 secreting Treg share some phenotypic and functional features with conventional TH17 cells, expressing high levels of CCR4 and CCR6 and low levels of CXCR3. However, at variance with conventional TH17 cells, they express low levels of CD161 and mostly fail to co-secrete IL-22 and TNF-α ex-vivo. Ex-vivo secretion of IL-17 and constitutive expression of RORγt by human memory Treg suggest that, beside their well known suppressive functions, these cells likely play additional yet un-described pro-inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danila Valmori
- 1U892, INSERM, Saint Herblain, France
- 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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