Paudel M, Yap FF. Analyzing the impact of bicycle geometry and cargo loading on the rideability and safety of cargo bikes: An investigative study.
Heliyon 2024;
10:e29524. [PMID:
38644891 PMCID:
PMC11033132 DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29524]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Electric cargo bikes have become popular for transporting goods and people due to their small size and strong carrying capacity. However, the way they perform, handle, and operate safely can be affected by the weight of the cargo, where it is placed on the bike, and the bike's design.
Method
This paper analyzes the rideability and safety of eight different cargo bikes representing three different design categories, Retrofitted, Long-john, and Long-tail bikes, also considering three different cargo loading locations. We quantitatively examined the rideability by computing the minimum speed for self-stability, the maximum possible acceleration and deceleration without losing wheel-ground contact, the handlebar torque for steady-state turning, and the force required to overcome obstacles. The effect of using powerful motorized wheels has also been discussed.
Results
Long-john cargo bikes are unstable for lightweight cargo loads, more sensitive to cargo loads, and therefore may not be suitable for riding in narrow, crowded spaces like footpaths. Moreover, retrofitted cargo bikes should only be used to carry lightweight cargo as a combination of heavy cargo load and a powerful rear wheel motor poses a potential risk of accidents. Long-tail cargo bikes are less affected by changes to the cargo load and are thus safer than retrofitted bikes. Their relatively compact length also makes for a smaller turning radius.
Conclusion
Rideability and safe handling of the cargo bikes strongly depend on the bike design and load and loading position. Retrofitted bikes are not suitable for carrying heavy loads and any load at the front has an adverse effect on the overall rideability and safety.
Practical application
The results highlight the benefits and limitations of different cargo bike designs and, therefore, could have implications for the cargo bike manufacturers, service providers, and policymakers.
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