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Commowick O, Combès B, Cervenansky F, Dojat M. Editorial: Automatic methods for multiple sclerosis new lesions detection and segmentation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1176625. [PMID: 36998735 PMCID: PMC10043498 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1176625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Commowick
- Empenn INSERM U1228, CNRS UMR6074, Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Benoît Combès
- Empenn INSERM U1228, CNRS UMR6074, Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Cervenansky
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Dojat
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Michel Dojat
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2
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Glatard T, Kiar G, Aumentado-Armstrong T, Beck N, Bellec P, Bernard R, Bonnet A, Brown ST, Camarasu-Pop S, Cervenansky F, Das S, Ferreira da Silva R, Flandin G, Girard P, Gorgolewski KJ, Guttmann CRG, Hayot-Sasson V, Quirion PO, Rioux P, Rousseau MÉ, Evans AC. Boutiques: a flexible framework to integrate command-line applications in computing platforms. Gigascience 2018; 7:4951979. [PMID: 29718199 PMCID: PMC6007562 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present Boutiques, a system to automatically publish, integrate, and execute command-line applications across computational platforms. Boutiques applications are installed through software containers described in a rich and flexible JSON language. A set of core tools facilitates the construction, validation, import, execution, and publishing of applications. Boutiques is currently supported by several distinct virtual research platforms, and it has been used to describe dozens of applications in the neuroinformatics domain. We expect Boutiques to improve the quality of application integration in computational platforms, to reduce redundancy of effort, to contribute to computational reproducibility, and to foster Open Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Glatard
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregory Kiar
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Natacha Beck
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Gériatrie de Montréal CRIUGM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Bernard
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Axel Bonnet
- University of Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shawn T Brown
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Samir Das
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Pascal Girard
- University of Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Charles R G Guttmann
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valérie Hayot-Sasson
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Rioux
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alan C Evans
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Commowick O, Istace A, Kain M, Laurent B, Leray F, Simon M, Pop SC, Girard P, Améli R, Ferré JC, Kerbrat A, Tourdias T, Cervenansky F, Glatard T, Beaumont J, Doyle S, Forbes F, Knight J, Khademi A, Mahbod A, Wang C, McKinley R, Wagner F, Muschelli J, Sweeney E, Roura E, Lladó X, Santos MM, Santos WP, Silva-Filho AG, Tomas-Fernandez X, Urien H, Bloch I, Valverde S, Cabezas M, Vera-Olmos FJ, Malpica N, Guttmann C, Vukusic S, Edan G, Dojat M, Styner M, Warfield SK, Cotton F, Barillot C. Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13650. [PMID: 30209345 PMCID: PMC6135867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning, …), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Commowick
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France.
| | - Audrey Istace
- Department of Radiology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michaël Kain
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Baptiste Laurent
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, University of Brest, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Florent Leray
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Simon
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Sorina Camarasu Pop
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Girard
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Roxana Améli
- Department of Radiology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Ferré
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Department of Neuroradiology, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Kerbrat
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Department of Neurology, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Neuro-Imagerie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Cervenansky
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Glatard
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jérémy Beaumont
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | - Florence Forbes
- Pixyl Medical, Grenoble, France.,Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jesse Knight
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - April Khademi
- Image Analysis in Medicine Lab (IAMLAB), Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amirreza Mahbod
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunliang Wang
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard McKinley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franca Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Muschelli
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eloy Roura
- Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics (VICOROB), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Lladó
- Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics (VICOROB), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Michel M Santos
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wellington P Santos
- Depto. de Eng. Biomédica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Abel G Silva-Filho
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Xavier Tomas-Fernandez
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hélène Urien
- LTCI, Télécom ParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bloch
- LTCI, Télécom ParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sergi Valverde
- Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics (VICOROB), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mariano Cabezas
- Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics (VICOROB), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Norberto Malpica
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles Guttmann
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Department of Radiology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Edan
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Department of Neurology, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Dojat
- Inserm U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - François Cotton
- Department of Radiology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Barillot
- VISAGES: INSERM U1228 - CNRS UMR6074 - Inria, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
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4
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Giacalone M, Frindel C, Robini M, Cervenansky F, Grenier E, Rousseau D. Robustness of spatio-temporal regularization in perfusion MRI deconvolution: An application to acute ischemic stroke. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1981-1990. [PMID: 28019027 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The robustness of a recently introduced globally convergent deconvolution algorithm with temporal and edge-preserving spatial regularization for the deconvolution of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance imaging is assessed in the context of ischemic stroke. THEORY AND METHODS Ischemic tissues are not randomly distributed in the brain but form a spatially organized entity. The addition of a spatial regularization term allows to take into account this spatial organization contrarily to the sole temporal regularization approach which processes each voxel independently. The robustness of the spatial regularization in relation to shape variability, hemodynamic variability in tissues, noise in the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, and uncertainty on the arterial input function selected for the deconvolution is addressed via an original in silico validation approach. RESULTS The deconvolution algorithm proved robust to the different sources of variability, outperforming temporal Tikhonov regularization in most realistic conditions considered. The limiting factor is the proper estimation of the arterial input function. CONCLUSION This study quantified the robustness of a spatio-temporal approach for dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging deconvolution via a new simulator. This simulator, now accessible online, is of wide applicability for the validation of any deconvolution algorithm. Magn Reson Med 78:1981-1990, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Giacalone
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, LYON, F69006, France
| | - Carole Frindel
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, LYON, F69006, France
| | - Marc Robini
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, LYON, F69006, France
| | - Frédéric Cervenansky
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, LYON, F69006, France
| | - Emmanuel Grenier
- ENS-Lyon, UCB Lyon, Inria, NUMED, CNRS, UMPA UMR 5669, LYON, F69007, France
| | - David Rousseau
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, LYON, F69006, France
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Gibaud B, Forestier G, Benoit-Cattin H, Cervenansky F, Clarysse P, Friboulet D, Gaignard A, Hugonnard P, Lartizien C, Liebgott H, Montagnat J, Tabary J, Glatard T. OntoVIP: an ontology for the annotation of object models used for medical image simulation. J Biomed Inform 2014; 52:279-92. [PMID: 25038553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the creation of a comprehensive conceptualization of object models used in medical image simulation, suitable for major imaging modalities and simulators. The goal is to create an application ontology that can be used to annotate the models in a repository integrated in the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP), to facilitate their sharing and reuse. Annotations make the anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological content of the object models explicit. In such an interdisciplinary context we chose to rely on a common integration framework provided by a foundational ontology, that facilitates the consistent integration of the various modules extracted from several existing ontologies, i.e. FMA, PATO, MPATH, RadLex and ChEBI. Emphasis is put on methodology for achieving this extraction and integration. The most salient aspects of the ontology are presented, especially the organization in model layers, as well as its use to browse and query the model repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gibaud
- LTSI - Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, INSERM U1099 - Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de médecine, 2 av. Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Germain Forestier
- MIPS - Modélisation, Intelligence, Processus et Systèmes - MIPS EA2332 - Université de Haute-Alsace, 12, Rue des frères Lumière, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Hugues Benoit-Cattin
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Cervenansky
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Clarysse
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Denis Friboulet
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alban Gaignard
- I3S - Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 7271/Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2000, Route des Lucioles, Les Algorithmes - bât. Algorithm B, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Hugonnard
- CEA-LETI-MINATEC, Recherche technologique, 17, Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Carole Lartizien
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Liebgott
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Johan Montagnat
- I3S - Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 7271/Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2000, Route des Lucioles, Les Algorithmes - bât. Algorithm B, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Joachim Tabary
- CEA-LETI-MINATEC, Recherche technologique, 17, Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Tristan Glatard
- CREATIS - Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal, CNRS UMR 5220 - Inserm U1044 - INSA-Lyon - Univ. Lyon 1, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, 7 av. Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Glatard T, Lartizien C, Gibaud B, da Silva RF, Forestier G, Cervenansky F, Alessandrini M, Benoit-Cattin H, Bernard O, Camarasu-Pop S, Cerezo N, Clarysse P, Gaignard A, Hugonnard P, Liebgott H, Marache S, Marion A, Montagnat J, Tabary J, Friboulet D. A virtual imaging platform for multi-modality medical image simulation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2013; 32:110-118. [PMID: 23014715 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2012.2220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP), a platform accessible at http://vip.creatis.insa-lyon.fr to facilitate the sharing of object models and medical image simulators, and to provide access to distributed computing and storage resources. A complete overview is presented, describing the ontologies designed to share models in a common repository, the workflow template used to integrate simulators, and the tools and strategies used to exploit computing and storage resources. Simulation results obtained in four image modalities and with different models show that VIP is versatile and robust enough to support large simulations. The platform currently has 200 registered users who consumed 33 years of CPU time in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Glatard
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1044, Villeurbanne, France
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Nicolet J, Gillard T, Gindre G, Cervenansky F, Duale C, Bazin JE, De Riberolles C, Schoeffler P, Lemaire JJ. Modifications of spontaneous cerebral blood flow oscillations during cardiopulmonary bypass. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2005; 95:337-9. [PMID: 16463877 DOI: 10.1007/3-211-32318-x_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spontaneous slow waves are present in the systemic circulation including the intracranial compartment. They are supposed to reflect the cerebral autoregulation. We hypothesised that in the absence of cardio respiratory variability, during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we should reveal extreme physiologic controls. MATERIAL/METHODS Ten patients were included. Arterial blood pressure (ABP, radial invasive), extracorporeal circuitry pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, middle cerebral artery) were recorded. We analysed the slow waves in the B (8 to 50) and the UB (>50 to 200) bands (in milli-Hz). The analysis, before and during CPB, was performed in the tine domain (correlation coefficient, entropy, mean quantity of mutual information, relative entropy) and in the frequency domain (spectrogram, frequency spectrum, coherence). RESULTS CPB dramatically changed monitored signals decreasing their entropy and revealing a dominant CBFV 70 mHz-frequency and a dominant ABP 9 mHz-frequency. There was no association between the signals (p < 0.05). Before CPB we found complex patterns where B and UB waves were present. CONCLUSION We hypothesised that CPB provoked a highly protective mechanism, reducing the fluctuations of CBF, by a deactivation of B waves, revealing monotonous UB waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicolet
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University Hospital and Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
Slowly varying pressure oscillations in the cranial enclosure are well known, especially intracranial pressure waves as best described by the pioneering works of Janny and Lundberg. Nevertheless, in spite of over twenty five years research on intracranial pressure waves, their origin and regulation remain unclear but are often considered only as pathological. Our aim was to review data on these phenomena to clarify their biological status and the role that they could play in the management of patients suffering from such intracranial neurosurgical diseases as intracranial hypertension, severe head injury, and hydrocephalus. It appears that these pressure waves reveal important information on the function of the cerebral vasculature and as such have significance for influencing intracranial compliance. Pressure waves are also closely associated with autoregulation, in particular dynamic autoregulation. It seems evident that they are not only pathophysiological but also physiological, linked with other biological parameters such as the neurovegetative cardiovascular system, breathing, and sleeping. This study shows that it is not only important to continue to explore these slow waves, but also the methods of analysis in order to more fully clarify their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lemaire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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