1
|
De Marco M, Gauttier V, Pengam S, Mary C, Ranieri B, Basile A, Festa M, Falco A, Reppucci F, Cammarota AL, Acernese F, De Laurenzi V, Sala G, Brongo S, Miyasaka M, Shalapour S, Vanhove B, Poirier N, Iaccarino R, Karin M, Turco MC, Rosati A, Marzullo L. Concerted BAG3 and SIRPα blockade impairs pancreatic tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 35241649 PMCID: PMC8894496 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The BAG3- and SIRPα- mediated pathways trigger distinct cellular targets and signaling mechanisms in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. To explore their functional connection, we investigated the effects of their combined blockade on cancer growth in orthotopic allografts of pancreatic cancer mt4–2D cells in immunocompetent mice. The anti-BAG3 + anti-SIRPα mAbs treatment inhibited (p = 0.007) tumor growth by about the 70%; also the number of metastatic lesions was decreased, mostly by the effect of the anti-BAG3 mAb. Fibrosis and the expression of the CAF activation marker α-SMA were reduced by about the 30% in animals treated with anti-BAG3 mAb compared to untreated animals, and appeared unaffected by treatment with the anti-SIRPα mAb alone; however, the addition of anti-SIRPα to anti-BAG3 mAb in the combined treatment resulted in a > 60% (p < 0.0001) reduction of the fibrotic area and a 70% (p < 0.0001) inhibition of CAF α-SMA positivity. Dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ lymphocytes, hardly detectable in the tumors of untreated animals, were modestly increased by single treatments, while were much more clearly observable (p < 0.0001) in the tumors of the animals subjected to the combined treatment. The effects of BAG3 and SIRPα blockade do not simply reflect the sum of the effects of the single blockades, indicating that the two pathways are connected by regulatory interactions and suggesting, as a proof of principle, the potential therapeutic efficacy of a combined BAG3 and SIRPα blockade in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Ranieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Anna Basile
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Michela Festa
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Cammarota
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Fausto Acernese
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sergio Brongo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | | | | | - Roberta Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy. .,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., R&D Division, Baronissi, SA, 84081, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dufrusine B, Damiani V, Capone E, Pieragostino D, Dainese E, De Marco M, Reppucci F, Turco MC, Rosati A, Marzullo L, Sala G, Sallese M, De Laurenzi V. Cover Image, Volume 123, Number 1, January 2022. J Cell Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
- R&D Division BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l. Baronissi Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
| | - Maria C. Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
- R&D Division BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l. Baronissi Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
- R&D Division BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l. Baronissi Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
- R&D Division BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l. Baronissi Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) University of Chieti‐Pescara Chieti Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Marco M, Del Papa N, Reppucci F, Iorio V, Basile A, Falco A, Iaccarino R, Brongo S, De Caro F, Capunzo M, Turco MC, Rosati A, Marzullo L. BAG3 induces α-SMA expression in human fibroblasts and its over-expression correlates with poorer survival in fibrotic cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:91-101. [PMID: 34741483 PMCID: PMC9297854 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and angiogenesis in solid tumors are often strictly linked to the development of fibrotic tissues, a detrimental event that compromises the antitumor immunity. As a consequence, tumor aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis relate to higher incidence of tissue fibrosis and stromal stiffness. The molecular pathways through which normal fibroblasts are converted in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a central role in the onset of fibrosis in tumor stroma, thus emerging as a strategic target of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer disease. Several studies addressed the role of BAG3 in sustaining growth and survival of cancer cell and also shed light on the different mechanisms in which the intracellular protein is involved. More recently, new pieces of evidence revealed a pivotal role of extracellular BAG3 in pro-tumor cell signaling in the tumor microenvironment, as well as its involvement in the development of fibrosis in tumor tissues. Here we report further data showing the presence of the BAG3 receptor (Interferon-induced transmembrane protein [IFITM]-2) on the plasma membrane of normal dermal fibroblasts and the activity of BAG3 as a factor able to induce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and the phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase, that sustain CAF functions in tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in agreement with these findings, bag3 gene expression has been analyzed by high throughput RNA sequencing databases from patients-derived xenografts. A strong correlation between bag3 gene expression and patients' survival was found in several types of fibrotic tumors. The results obtained provide encouraging data that identify BAG3 as a promising therapeutic target to counteract fibrosis in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- Rheumatology Department, Scleroderma Unit, G. Pini Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vittoria Iorio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Basile
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sergio Brongo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dufrusine B, Damiani V, Capone E, Pieragostino D, Dainese E, De Marco M, Reppucci F, Turco MC, Rosati A, Marzullo L, Sala G, Sallese M, De Laurenzi V. BAG3 induces fibroblasts to release key cytokines involved in pancreatic cell migration. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:65-76. [PMID: 34741485 PMCID: PMC9297949 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenoma carcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the deadliest solid cancers as it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages and has a poor response to treatment. The enormous effort made in the last 2 decades in the oncology field has not led to significant progress in improving early diagnosis or therapy for PDAC. The stroma of PDAC plays an active role in tumour initiation and progression and includes immune cells and stromal cells. We previously reported that Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG3) secreted by PDAC cells activates tumour-associated macrophages to promote tumour growth. The disruption of this tumour-stroma axis by the anti-BAG3 H2L4 therapeutic antibody is sufficient to delay tumour growth and limit metastatic spreading in different PDAC preclinical models. In the present study, we examined the role of BAG3 to activate human fibroblasts (HF) in releasing cytokines capable of supporting tumour progression. Treatment of fibroblasts with recombinant BAG3 induced important changes in the organisation of the cytoskeleton of these cells and stimulated the production of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and hepatocyte growth factor. Specifically, we observed that BAG3 triggered a depolymerisation of microtubules at the periphery of the cell while they were conserved in the perinuclear area. Conversely, the vimentin-based intermediate filaments increased and spread to the edges of the cells. Finally, the conditioned medium (CM) collected from BAG3-treated HF promoted the survival, proliferation, and migration of the PDAC cells. Blocking of the PDAC-fibroblast axis by the H2L4 therapeutic anti-BAG3 antibody, resulted in inhibition of cytokine release and, consequently, the inhibition of the migratory phenotype conferred by the CM to PDAC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria C Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,R&D Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eletto D, Reppucci F, Ronga A, Altieri V, Brongo S, Martinelli R, De Marco M, Marzullo L. Modulation of BAG3 expression in human normal urothelial cells by Diuron. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2616-2619. [PMID: 32810284 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic for the rat urinary bladder. It has been hypothesized that Diuron cytotoxicity, resulting in regenerative proliferation, leads to urothelial hyperplasia and, finally, to bladder tumors, but molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis have not still fully investigated. Here, we report the results of a study aimed at verifying the involvement of BAG3, an intracellular protein expressed in several tumors, in the Diuron-induced carcinogenesis. For this purpose, we analyzed the effect of Diuron on human primary urothelial cells and on human dermal fibroblasts. We found that while high concentrations of Diuron have a cytotoxic effect in human primary urothelial cells, in the same cells, noncytotoxic concentrations of the herbicide induce BAG3 expression. These findings show that BAG3 is a molecular target of Diuron and unravel the possible involvement of BAG3 protein in bladder carcinogenesis induced by the herbicide. In addition, these results suggest that BAG3 might be a potential early biomarker of damage induced by chronic exposure to Diuron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Eletto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Agostino Ronga
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Altieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Sergio Brongo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Montoro Inf., AV, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Montoro Inf., AV, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Marco M, Falco A, Festa M, Raffone A, Sandullo L, Rosati A, Reppucci F, Cammarota AL, Esposito F, Matassa DS, Pascale M, Salzano F, Martinelli R, Remondelli P, Capunzo M, Mollo A, Zullo F, Travaglino A, Guida M, Marzullo L. Different mechanisms underlie IL-6 release in chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2596-2602. [PMID: 32905525 PMCID: PMC7471370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 has been detected in serum and ascites from patients affected by epithelial ovarian cancers, and also in some human ovarian cancer cell lines. To investigate the role of IL-6 in ovarian lesions, we first measured its levels in serum samples of 24 healthy donors and in 17 and 9 patients affected by ovarian carcinomas and ovarian benign cysts respectively. IL-6 levels were significantly higher than healthy donors in serum samples from ovarian cancer patients, but not in benign ovarian cysts. We then investigated the mechanism of IL-6 production in two cell lines obtained from the same patient with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma before (PEA1) and after (PEA2) development of cisplatinum resistance. The levels of intracellular IL-6, analysed by western blotting, did not relevantly differ in the two cell lines, and they did not change after the cell treatment with an AKT inhibitor. Although the interleukin was present in supernatants from both cell lines, its concentration in the supernatant of chemoresistant cells was significantly higher than chemosensitive cells. Interestingly, exposure to the AKT inhibitor resulted in a reduced IL-6 release in PEA1, but not in PEA2 cells. These results let infer different mechanisms of IL-6 release in chemoresistant and chemosensitive cell lines, and contribute new insights in ovarian cancer biology that suggest more in depth studies about the role of AKT in IL-6 release and in development of chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonia Falco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Michela Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Sandullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Reppucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Cammarota
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Swann Matassa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pascale
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Salzano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno84081 Baronissi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|