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Starace M, Viviani F, Carpanese MA, Alessandrini A, Sechi A, Patrizi A, Bianchi T. Diagnosis and Management of Intravenous Drug Users' Chronic Wounds: A Case Series Collection of a Single Center. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221121465. [PMID: 36036366 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) represent a very small group of patients affected by chronic wounds (CWs). Objectives: To assess the risk factors for CWs in IVDUs, to improve their treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of 7 IVDUs with CWs was performed at the Dermatology of the University of Bologna. Results: A history of 10 years of the most frequent injection was heroin in the gaiter area. The most observed comorbidities were HIV, HCV and HBV. They were treated most with an alginate with silver dressing with an average follow-up of 2.8 years. Conclusions: We would like to highlight the importance of clinical history in this type of patients and that in our experience specialized skin wounds risk assessment and management could be useful, aside from traditional compression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Starace
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 18508University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Viviani
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 18508University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M A Carpanese
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 18508University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Alessandrini
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 18508University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sechi
- 198202UOC Dermatologia - Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - A Patrizi
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 18508University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Bianchi
- Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italia
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Viviani F, Ferrari T, Mussi M, Zengarini C, Orioni G. Dermatology residents and COVID-19: life behind the frontlines. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:169-170. [PMID: 32619280 PMCID: PMC7361559 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Viviani
- Unit of Dermatology, Head and Neck Department, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Ferrari
- Unit of Dermatology, Head and Neck Department, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mussi
- Unit of Dermatology, Head and Neck Department, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Zengarini
- Unit of Dermatology, Head and Neck Department, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Orioni
- Unit of Dermatology, Head and Neck Department, St. Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Sacchelli L, Viviani F, Orioni G, Rucci P, Rosa S, Lanzoni A, Patrizi A, Gaspari V. Sexually transmitted infections during the COVID-19 outbreak: comparison of patients referring to the service of sexually transmitted diseases during the sanitary emergency with those referring during the common practice. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e553-e556. [PMID: 32491214 PMCID: PMC7300597 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sacchelli
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Viviani
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Orioni
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Rucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lanzoni
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Patrizi
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Gaspari
- Department of Specialized, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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De Mario A, Peggion C, Massimino ML, Viviani F, Castellani A, Giacomello M, Lim D, Bertoli A, Sorgato MC. The prion protein regulates glutamate-mediated Ca 2+ entry and mitochondrial Ca 2+ accumulation in neurons. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2736-2746. [PMID: 28701513 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) whose conformational misfolding leads to the production of deadly prions, has a still-unclarified cellular function despite decades of intensive research. Following our recent finding that PrPC limits Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ channels in neurons, we investigated whether the protein could also control the activity of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). To this end, we compared local Ca2+ movements in primary cerebellar granule neurons and cortical neurons transduced with genetically encoded Ca2+ probes and expressing, or not expressing, PrPC Our investigation demonstrated that PrPC downregulates Ca2+ entry through each specific agonist-stimulated iGluR and after stimulation by glutamate. We found that, although PrP-knockout (KO) mitochondria were displaced from the plasma membrane, glutamate addition resulted in a higher mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in PrP-KO neurons than in their PrPC-expressing counterpart. This was because the increased Ca2+ entry through iGluRs in PrP-KO neurons led to a parallel increase in Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptor channels. These data thus suggest that PrPC takes part in the cell apparatus controlling Ca2+ homeostasis, and that PrPC is involved in protecting neurons from toxic Ca2+ overloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Massimino
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viviani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Castellani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Catia Sorgato
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy .,CNR Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Ottenschlager I, Epstein C, Delaisi C, Fraslon C, Conseiller E, Long H, Viviani F, Combeau C, Bissery M, Casellas P. 287 POSTER Characterizati on of alvocidib (flavopiridol)-mediated inhibition of CDK enzyme activity and the down-regulation of gene transcription. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
A research project was started in Italy in order to map dyschromatopsies in this country. Field data was collected by the authors in Liguria, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Apulia, Sicily, and by other authors in Lazio, Calabria, Basilicata, and Sardinia. The samples were all composed of more than 500 male subjects, of homogeneous origin, and assessed using the Ishihara (1973) and the Farnsworth (1947) tests. Statistical analysis identified two groups showing different mean percentages: one, coastal (n = 13,091; 6.50%) and the other, inland (n = 17,881; 5.21%). The results stimulated an ecological-ergonomic hypothesis based on nutrition (i.e., food gathering strategies) and the kind of light prevailing in the habitat. If trichromacy has been brought about by frugivore feeding (Polyach, 1957), dichromacy may have been maintained by giving a selective advantage to fishermen (originally fishing one fish at a time by hand). This is valid for both sea or fresh water habitats, characterized by blue-green prevailing light and with sharp discrimination for blue-gray shapes and colors (usually, 70% of dichromats are deutans). To support this hypothesis a field survey was carried out among 661 Sicilian traditional fishermen, which furnished the highest rates of dyschromatopsia in Italy: 7.90%. In conclusion, we can hypothesize that endogamous fishermen groups bordering the coastal areas of continents, searching for waters abounding in fish, could have determined a greater incidence of color blindness in the coastal regions, while exogamous marriages between fishermen and peasants contributed to the lower diffusion of the genes responsible in inland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grassivaro Gallo
- Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Padua, Italy.
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Abstract
To highlight the link between colour blindness and school achievement, the Ishihara and Farnsworth tests were administered to 3,565 high school art students (2,545 girls and 1,020 boys). Analysis showed colour defective students were discriminated against in theoretical subject matter, relative to orthochromate students, but not in the art-related subjects. This emphasizes the need to recognize youth with colour defective vision early.
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Marchioro G, Azzarello G, Viviani F, Barbato F, Pavanetto M, Rosetti F, Pappagallo GL, Vinante O. Hypnosis in the treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Oncology 2000; 59:100-4. [PMID: 10971166 DOI: 10.1159/000012144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND In addition to nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy treatment, cancer patients can experience these side effects prior to a treatment session, the so-called anticipatory nausea and vomiting. As various psychological and neurophysiological aspects have been claimed to be implied in its etiopathogenesis, the present paper aims to shortly review the etiological, epidemiological and therapeutical assumptions on the topic, in particular the psychological-behavioral therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study was carried out on 16 consecutive adult cancer patients affected by chemotherapy-induced anticipatory nausea and vomiting who had received at least four treatment cycles. All of them were submitted to induction of relaxation followed by hypnosis. RESULTS In all subjects anticipatory nausea and vomiting disappeared, and major responses to chemotherapy-induced emesis control were recorded in almost all patients. CONCLUSIONS The experience highlights the potential value of hypnosis in the management of anticipatory nausea and vomiting; furthermore, the susceptibility to anticipatory nausea and vomiting is discussed under the psychoanalytic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marchioro
- Department of Oncology, Local Health Unit No. 13, Noale, Italy
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Gallo PG, Angioletti E, Viviani F. On the origins of human laterality: environmental and hereditary variables in a sample of children. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 90:944-6. [PMID: 10883784 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.90.3.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of operationally defined handedness data from 1,348 subjects of both sexes and of ages 10 to 15 years, laterality was compared with prehistorical data of handprints found in caves. It was hypothesized that the greater production of left handprints found in caves in comparison with current data should be ascribed to a nonestablished deviation of lefthanders towards righthandedness as environmental pressures in the distant past were lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Gallo
- Dipartimento de Psicologia Generale, University of Padua, Padova, Italia
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Abstract
In 1993-94, in Liguria (a northwestern Italian region) a study was carried out on dyschromatopsia, a congenital sex-linked form of colour blindness. 3124 junior high school boys aged 10-15 years were tested using Ishihara plates (1973 edition) and Farnsworth's D-15 test (1947 edition). 152 students were identified as colour blind (4.87%), a value slightly below the Italian average of 5.3%. The school achievement of these students was assessed by means of the school marks of two randomised subsamples composed of 82 dyschromates and 82 orthochromates, paired homogeneously by age and class. Statistical analysis indicated significantly lower general school achievement for the 82 dyschromate subjects (except for art). The learning difficulties of dyschromate persons for whom colour is a basic didactic tool are discussed. Introduction of dyschromatopsia tests at preschool would be desirable.
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Roe RM, Kallapur V, Linderman RJ, Viviani F, Harris SV, Walker EA, Thompson DM. Mechanism of action and cloning of epoxide hydrolase from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 1996; 32:527-535. [PMID: 8756307 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1996)32:3/4<527::aid-arch24>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the JH III epoxide hydrolase activity in last stadium day 3 (gate 1) wandering Trichoplusia ni was membrane bound with approximately 9% of the activity found in the cytosol. Both the microsomal and cytosolic JH epoxide hydrolases were stable, retaining 30% of their original activity after incubation at 4 degrees C for 15 days. 18O-labeled water underwent enzyme catalyzed regioselective addition to the least substituted C10 position of JH III. In multiple turnover reactions with JH epoxide hydrolase in 97.9% 18O-labeled water, only 91.3% 18O incorporation was observed. This is consistent with an SN2 reaction likely involving a carboxylate in the active site of JH epoxide hydrolase. The DNA amplification cloning of a fragment of a putative T. ni epoxide hydrolase is reported. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 67% similarity to the rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Roe
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7647, USA
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13
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Viviani F. The somatotype of medium class Italian basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1994; 34:70-5. [PMID: 7934014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this observational study was to determine the somatotype of average basketball players (BP) and to compare them with the values found in relevant literature. Thirty-eight Italian members of "B" and "C" BP league teams were measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method. Since our group was, on average, made up of mesomorphic-ectomorphs (2.2-3.2-3.8), it appeared to be quite well suited to the sporting activity undertaken. However, the comparison carried out for the anthropometric variables and the somatotype scores found for higher level athletes, show that their physique lacks some of the characteristics needed to excel.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viviani
- Department of General Psychology, University of Pauda, Italy
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Vidal-Cros A, Viviani F, Labesse G, Boccara M, Gaudry M. Polyhydroxynaphthalene reductase involved in melanin biosynthesis in Magnaporthe grisea. Purification, cDNA cloning and sequencing. Eur J Biochem 1994; 219:985-92. [PMID: 8112349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the biosynthesis of fungal melanin, tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (T4HN) into (+)-scytalone and 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene into (-)-vermelone. The enzyme from Magnaporthe grisea, the fungus responsible for rice blast disease, has been purified to homogeneity. It is a tetramer of four identical 30-kDa subunits. A full-length cDNA clone of about 1 kb encoding T4HN reductase has been isolated from a cDNA library constructed in the lambda ZAP II vector and characterized. The clone contains a 846-bp open reading frame. Translation of the DNA sequence gave a 282-residue amino acid sequence with a calculated molecular mass of 29.9 kDa. Sequences corresponding to the amino-terminal part and three internal proteolytic peptides were present in the translated sequence. T4HN reductase exhibits characteristics of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. The reductase shares 56% identity with a putative ketoreductase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vidal-Cros
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, URA CNRS 493, Paris, France
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Viviani F, Baldin F. The somatotype of "amateur" Italian female volleyball-players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1993; 33:400-4. [PMID: 8035589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to collect data on the physique of "amateur" female volleyball players, 50 athletes (VP) were measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method. They were divided into two subgroups: juniors (JVP < 18 years old) and seniors (SVP > 18). Their somatotype scores were respectively: 4.9-3.8-2.6 and 4.7-3.9-2.3. No significant differences emerged for any of the components of the somatotype between the two subgroups. JVP and SVP resulted as being taller and stouter than the mean of the Italian girls of the same age, but their menstrual function parameters (such as: age at onset of menarche, cycle and flux lengths) did not differ. Centres were much taller and heavier than other players. For the whole VP sample, the values of anthropometric measures and somatotype scores resulted as being congruent with those ascertained for other cohorts of amateur VP found in relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viviani
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
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Viviani F, Casagrande G, Toniutto F. The morphotype in a group of peri-pubertal soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1993; 33:178-83. [PMID: 8412054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Few morphological data are available for adolescent soccer players (SP), a lack that could affect young-age talent selection. In order to collect lacking data for SP, 50 performers aged 13.1 +/- 0.5 years old were checked in one of the main "vivariums" of talented "A League" SP. All subjects were measured according to the Heath/Carter anthropometric somatotype method and subsequently, the results were compared with those found in relevant literature for adolescents. To gain further insight, the sample was subdivided into two classes, according to their performance level: beginners (B, n = 26) and those experienced (E, n = 24). Between B and E subjects significant differences were found for: weight, abdominal skinfold, calf circumference, body density (0.05 < p < 0.01); height, tricipital skinfold, humerus biepicondylar width, ponderal index, LBW, endo and ectomorph components (p < 0.01). B somatotype resulted to be: 1.6-4.3-3.5; while E: 2.2-4.5-2.9. Both in E and B sub-groups the distribution of somatotypes according to their component dominance revealed to be rather similar, indicating a substantial homogeneity inside the subgroups. When compared with adult SP, the whole sample shows a morphotype that is already adapted for soccer. Observing this, it is possible to infer that our adolescent group contains the morphotype needed to perform well (and probably to excel), in the considered sporting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viviani
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy
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Casagrande G, Viviani F. Somatotype of Italian rugby players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1993; 33:65-9. [PMID: 8350610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to collect lacking first-hand data on Italian rugby players. The Heath/Carter anthropometric somatotype method was applied to 28 "A" League performers (RP) aged 25 +/- 3.9 years of age. Their somatotypes and dimensions were compared with those found in previous studies on athletes involved in the same sporting activity, with data collected on 25 "sedentary" young Italians, and with Bailey et al.'s study on Canadians (1982). On average, the RP group resulted as being endomorphic mesomorphs (3.1 +/- 1.1 - 5.6 +/- 1.3 - 1.4 +/- 1.1), a result that is congruent with international data. They differed significantly from the balanced mesomorph CG (2.3 +/- 1.0 - 4.5 +/- 1.2 - 2.5 +/- 1.4) for all the measurements taken, apart from bi-epycondylar width. The peculiar somatotype scores found are congruent with the needs of rugby, an aerobic-anaerobic discipline which requires performers with great muscular power associated with a capacity to furnish energy, mainly through the anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casagrande
- ISEF of Bologna, Padua Section, University of Padua, Italy
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Viviani F, Calderan M. The somatotype in a group of "top" free-climbers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991; 31:581-6. [PMID: 1806738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-one "top" level european free-climbers (FC) aged 26.1 +/- 4.3 years old, have been measured according to the Health/Carter anthropometric somatotype method, in order to collect data on the morphotypes needed to excel in this not well established sporting activity. The average somatotype for FC revealed to be: mesomorph-ectomorph (2.0 +/- 0.6; 4.0 +/- 0.8; 3.7 +/- 0.9), a facies found in the 54.8% of the performers. With their 8.3% FAT%, they fall inside the category of lean athletes, a well stated feature found in all those activities demanding endurance. When compared with 25 "sedentary" young italians aged 21.7 years old, FC showed to differ significantly in: weight, mean of the sum of the skinfolds, upper arm and geminal circumferences, RPI (reciprocal of the ponderal index), ectomorph component (less than .01). Concluding, their somatotype appeared to be similar to that of athletes whose fatness is lower, to some adolescent performers and to some extra-European cohorts of males living in stressing habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Viviani
- Higher Institute of Physical Education of Bologna, Padua, Italy
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