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Scutelnic A, van de Munckhof A, Miraclin AT, Aaron S, Hameed S, Wasay M, Grosu O, Krzywicka K, Sánchez van Kammen M, Lindgren E, Moreira T, Acampora R, Negro A, Karapanayiotides T, Yaghi S, Revert A, Cuadrado Godia E, Garcia-Madrona S, La Spina P, Grillo F, Giammello F, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M, Buture A, Sofia Cotelli M, Raposo N, Tsivgoulis G, Candelaresi P, Ciacciarelli A, Mbroh J, Batenkova T, Scoppettuolo P, Zedde M, Pascarella R, Antonenko K, Kristoffersen ES, Kremer Hovinga JA, Jood K, Aguiar de Sousa D, Poli S, Tatlisumak T, Putaala J, Coutinho JM, Ferro JM, Arnold M, Heldner MR. Characteristics and outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19. Eur Stroke J 2024:23969873241241885. [PMID: 38572798 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241241885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous reports and meta-analyses derived from small case series reported a mortality rate of up to 40% in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated cerebral venous thrombosis (COVID-CVT). We assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes in an international cohort of patients with COVID-CVT. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a registry study of consecutive COVID-CVT patients diagnosed between March 2020 and March 2023. Data collected by the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium from patients with CVT diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 served as a comparison. Outcome analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS We included 70 patients with COVID-CVT from 23 hospitals in 15 countries and 206 controls from 14 hospitals in 13 countries. The proportion of women was smaller in the COVID-CVT group (50% vs 68%, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of COVID-CVT patients presented with altered mental state (44% vs 25%, p < 0.01), the median thrombus load was higher in COVID-CVT patients (3 [IQR 2-4] vs 2 [1-3], p < 0.01) and the length of hospital stay was longer compared to controls (11 days [IQR 7-20] vs 8 [4-15], p = 0.02). In-hospital mortality did not differ (5/67 [7%, 95% CI 3-16] vs 7/206 [3%, 2-7], aOR 2.6 [95% CI 0.7-9]), nor did the frequency of functional independence after 6 months (modified Rankin Scale 0-2; 45/58 [78%, 95% CI 65-86] vs 161/185 [87%, 81-91], aOR 0.5 [95% CI 0.2-1.02]). CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, the in-hospital mortality rate and functional outcomes during follow-up did not differ between COVID-CVT patients and the pre-COVID-19 controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scutelnic
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita van de Munckhof
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angel T Miraclin
- Department of Neurosciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjith Aaron
- Department of Neurosciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Oxana Grosu
- Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Diomid Gherman," Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Katarzyna Krzywicka
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mayte Sánchez van Kammen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lindgren
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiago Moreira
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Acampora
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Negro
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Theodoros Karapanayiotides
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Greece
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anna Revert
- Hospital del Mar, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cuadrado Godia
- Hospital del Mar, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paolino La Spina
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery 36th Cycle, Department of BIOMORF, Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery 36th Cycle, Department of BIOMORF, Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery 36th Cycle, Department of BIOMORF, Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Neurology, Boston Medical Center, MA, USA
- Radiology, Boston Medical Center, MA, USA
| | | | - Alina Buture
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Nicolas Raposo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon University Hospital", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Neurology Division, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Joshua Mbroh
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Pasquale Scoppettuolo
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Kateryna Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Lisbon Central University Hospital and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sven Poli
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M Ferro
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ciacciarelli A, Tessitore A, Fiume G, Currò CT, Coglitore A, Gardin A, Giammello F, Grillo F, Longo M, Mormina E, Vecchio CF, Vicari D, Musolino RF, Toscano A, Vinci SL, La Spina P. Factors associated with hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular treatment despite early recanalization. J Neurol Sci 2023; 453:120778. [PMID: 37669577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify new factors associated with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) despite early recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. METHODS We retrospectively included patients with known onset of large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy +/- intravenous thrombolysis. Non-contrast CT was performed at 24 +/- 12 h from endovascular procedure. We collected data on patient characteristics, risk factors, radiological and treatment features, stroke severity on admission and discharge, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), Neutrophils-to-Lymphocytes ratio (NLR), white matter hyperintensities measured according to the Fazekas score on FLAIR MRI data. The main outcome measures were the incidence of HT and factors associated with it. Secondary outcome measures were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and parenchymal hematoma. RESULTS Of 874 patients, 472 met the inclusion criteria, 211 (44.7%) had HT. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of HT included onset-to-recanalization time, CIMT (normal/mild), ASPECT-MRI < 6, and a higher NLR. We found that beyond 7.67 h from onset-to-recanalization, the risk of HT increases and exceeds 50%. ASPECT-MRI, NLR, and CIMT independently predict HT despite early recanalization. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel factors associated with HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke of known onset treated with mechanical thrombectomy. We found that at 7.67 h from onset to recanalization, the risk of HT is >50%, and we identified factors responsible for HT despite early recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Agostino Tessitore
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiume
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Coglitore
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Gardin
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirta Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Mormina
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetto Fabio Vecchio
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Vicari
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Toscano
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sergio Lucio Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Paolino La Spina
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Grillo F, Paudice M, Gambella A, Bozzano S, Sciallero S, Puccini A, Lastraioli S, Dono M, Parente P, Vanoli A, Angerilli V, Fassan M, Mastracci L. Evaluating mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal cancer biopsy specimens. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02202-8. [PMID: 37284845 PMCID: PMC10386921 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) testing on all new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) has customarily been preferably performed on surgical specimens, as more tissue is available; however, new clinical trials for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting require MMR testing on biopsy samples. This study aims at identifying advantages, disadvantages and any potential pitfalls in MMR evaluation on biopsy tissue and how to cope with them. The study is prospective-retrospective, recruiting 141 biopsies (86 proficient (p)MMR and 55 deficient (d)MMR) and 97 paired surgical specimens (48 pMMR; 49 dMMR). In biopsy specimens, a high number of indeterminate stains was observed, in particular for MLH1 (31 cases, 56.4%). The main reasons were a punctate nuclear expression of MLH1, relatively weak MLH1 nuclear expression compared to internal controls, or both (making MLH1 loss difficult to interpret), which was solved by reducing primary incubation times for MLH1. A mean of ≥ 5 biopsies had adequate immunostains, compared to ≤ 3 biopsies in inadequate cases. Conversely, surgical specimens rarely suffered from indeterminate reactions, while weaker staining intensity (p < 0.007) for MLH1 and PMS2 and increased patchiness grade (p < 0.0001) were seen. Central artefacts were almost exclusive to surgical specimens. MMR status classification was possible in 92/97 matched biopsy/resection specimen cases, and all of these were concordant (47 pMMR and 45 dMMR). Evaluation of MMR status on CRC biopsy samples is feasible, if pitfalls in interpretation are known, making laboratory-specific appropriate staining protocols fundamental for high-quality diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - M Paudice
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Gambella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Bozzano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Sciallero
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Puccini
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Lastraioli
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Dono
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - A Vanoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - L Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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4
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Cianconi P, Hanife B, Grillo F, Betro' S, Lesmana CBJ, Janiri L. Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change. Yale J Biol Med 2023; 96:211-226. [PMID: 37396973 PMCID: PMC10303262 DOI: 10.59249/earx2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human activities like greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and deforestation are largely responsible for climate change and biodiversity loss. The climate is a complex system and scientists are striving to predict, prevent, and address the aforementioned issues in order to avoid reaching tipping points. The threat to humankind is not only physical (ie, heat waves, floods, droughts) but also psychological, especially for some groups. Insecurity, danger, chaos, and an unstable system due to climate change have both short- and long-term psychological effects. In this scenario, the need for new psychological categories is emerging, namely, eco-emotions and psychoterratic syndromes which include eco-anxiety, ecological grief, climate worry, and climate trauma. This paper focuses on these new categories, presenting a summary of each one, including definitions, hypotheses, questions, and testological evaluations, as a useful tool to be consulted by researchers and clinicians and to help them in the therapeutic work. Also, this paper endeavors to distinguish between a psychological stress resulting in a positive outcome, such as pro-environmental behavior, compared to a stress that leads to a psychopathology. Prevention and intervention strategies including social and community support are fundamental to help cope with and mitigate the effect of climate change on mental health. In conclusion, the climate crisis has led to an enormous increase in research on climate change and its consequences on mental health. Researchers and clinicians must be prepared to assess this complex phenomenon and provide help to those who cannot cope with anxiety and climatic mourning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cianconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry,
Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Batul Hanife
- Provincial Agency for Health Services, Institute of the
Autonomous Province of Trento, Mezzolombardo, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of History, Anthropology, Religions, Art
History, Media and Performing Arts, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome,
Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry,
Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Sallustio F, Pracucci G, Cappellari M, Saia V, Mascolo AP, Marrama F, Gandini R, Koch G, Diomedi M, D'Agostino F, Rocco A, Da Ros V, Wlderk A, Nezzo M, Argirò R, Morosetti D, Renieri L, Nencini P, Vallone S, Zini A, Bigliardi G, Pitrone A, Grillo F, Bracco S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Naldi A, Carità G, Casetta I, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Simonetti L, Haznedari N, Paolucci M, Mavilio N, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Genovese A, Cosottini M, Orlandi G, Comai A, Franchini E, Pedicelli A, Frisullo G, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Cester G, Baracchini C, Castellano D, Di Liberto A, Ricciardi GK, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzellis M, Lafe E, Persico A, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Semeraro V, Tinelli A, Giorgianni A, Carimati F, Auteri W, Rizzuto S, Biraschi F, Nicolini E, Ferrari A, Melis M, Calia S, Tassinari T, Nuzzi NP, Corato M, Sacco S, Squassina G, Invernizzi P, Gallesio I, Ruiz L, Dui G, Carboni N, Amistà P, Russo M, Maiore M, Zanda B, Craparo G, Mannino M, Inzitari D, Toni D, Mangiafico S. Carotid artery stenting during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion: the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 123:475-485. [PMID: 36056270 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of tandem extracranial internal carotid artery and intracranial large vessel occlusion during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been under-investigated. We sought to investigate outcomes of AIS patients with tandem occlusion (TO) treated with carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared to those not treated with CAS (no-CAS) during EVT. METHODS We performed a cohort study using data from AIS patients enrolled in the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke. Outcomes were 3 months' mortality, functional outcome, complete and successful recanalization, any intracranial hemorrhage, parenchymal hematoma and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS Among 466 AIS patients with TO, CAS patients were 122 and no-CAS patients were 226 (118 excluded). After adjustment for unbalanced variables, CAS was associated with a lower rate of 3 months' mortality (OR 0.407, 95% CI 0.171-0.969, p = 0.042). After adjustment for pre-defined variables, CAS was associated with a lower rate of 3 months' mortality (aOR 0.430, 95% CI 0.187-0.989, p = 0.047) and a higher rate of complete recanalization (aOR 1.986, 95% CI 1.121-3.518, p = 0.019), successful recanalization (aOR 2.433, 95% CI 1.263-4.686, p = 0.008) and parenchymal hematoma (aOR 2.876, 95% CI 1.173-7.050, p = 0.021). CAS was associated with lower 3 months mortality (OR 0.373, 95% CI 0.141-0.982, p = 0.046) and higher rates of successful recanalization (OR 2.082, 95% CI 1.099-3.942, p = 0.024) after adjustment for variables associated with 3 months' mortality and successful recanalization, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among AIS patients with TO, CAS during EVT was associated with a higher rate of successful reperfusion and a lower rate of 3 months' mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sallustio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Saia
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Alfredo Paolo Mascolo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marrama
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gandini
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Diomedi
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica D'Agostino
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rocco
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Da Ros
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Wlderk
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Nezzo
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Argirò
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Morosetti
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Renieri
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nencini
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Vallone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Bigliardi
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Pitrone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Stroke Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carità
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Neurology Division, Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Simonetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolò Haznedari
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL Romagna Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Matteo Paolucci
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, AUSL Romagna Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Nicola Mavilio
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Menozzi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Cosottini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Edoardo Puglielli
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Ospedale Civile Mazzini, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Cester
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Davide Castellano
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Chiumarulo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Elvis Lafe
- Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Persico
- Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavasin
- Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, USSL3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy
| | - Adriana Critelli
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, USSL3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Giorgianni
- Neuroradiology Department, Ospedale di Circolo di Varese, ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Carimati
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Circolo di Varese, ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - William Auteri
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Biraschi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ferrari
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Melis
- Neuroscience Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Calia
- Neuroradiology Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Corato
- Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Rozzano, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, Avezzano, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Squassina
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Gallesio
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruiz
- Neurology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dui
- Interventional Radiology, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Nicola Carboni
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Francesco, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Pietro Amistà
- Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Monia Russo
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Mario Maiore
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria SS Annunziata, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bastianina Zanda
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria SS Annunziata, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Interventional Radiology, Ospedale Civico e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Mannino
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civico e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Toni
- Stroke Unit, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mangiafico
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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6
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Scutelnic A, Krzywicka K, Mbroh J, van de Munckhof A, van Kammen MS, de Sousa DA, Lindgren E, Jood K, Günther A, Hiltunen S, Putaala J, Tiede A, Maier F, Kern R, Bartsch T, Althaus K, Ciccone A, Wiedmann M, Skjelland M, Medina A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Cox T, Aujayeb A, Raposo N, Garambois K, Payen JF, Vuillier F, Franchineau G, Timsit S, Bougon D, Dubois MC, Tawa A, Tracol C, De Maistre E, Bonneville F, Vayne C, Mengel A, Michalski D, Pelz J, Wittstock M, Bode F, Zimmermann J, Schouten J, Buture A, Murphy S, Palma V, Negro A, Gutschalk A, Nagel S, Schoenenberger S, Frisullo G, Zanferrari C, Grillo F, Giammello F, Martin MM, Cervera A, Burrow J, Esperon CG, Chew BLA, Kleinig TJ, Soriano C, Zimatore DS, Petruzzellis M, Elkady A, Miranda MS, Fernandes J, Vogel ÅH, Johansson E, Philip AP, Coutts SB, Bal S, Buck B, Legault C, Blacquiere D, Katzberg HD, Field TS, Dizonno V, Gattringer T, Jacobi C, Devroye A, Lemmens R, Kristoffersen ES, di Poggio MB, Ghiasian M, Karapanayiotides T, Chatterton S, Wronski M, Ng K, Kahnis R, Geeraerts T, Reiner P, Cordonnier C, Middeldorp S, Levi M, van Gorp ECM, van de Beek D, Brodard J, Kremer Hovinga JA, Kruip MJHA, Tatlisumak T, Ferro JM, Coutinho JM, Arnold M, Poli S, Heldner MR. Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:562-573. [PMID: 35689346 PMCID: PMC9349982 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) caused by vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare adverse effect of adenovirus‐based severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines. In March 2021, after autoimmune pathogenesis of VITT was discovered, treatment recommendations were developed. These comprised immunomodulation, non‐heparin anticoagulants, and avoidance of platelet transfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to these recommendations and its association with mortality. Methods We used data from an international prospective registry of patients with CVT after the adenovirus‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. We analyzed possible, probable, or definite VITT‐CVT cases included until January 18, 2022. Immunomodulation entailed administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and/or plasmapheresis. Results Ninety‐nine patients with VITT‐CVT from 71 hospitals in 17 countries were analyzed. Five of 38 (13%), 11 of 24 (46%), and 28 of 37 (76%) of the patients diagnosed in March, April, and from May onward, respectively, were treated in‐line with VITT recommendations (p < 0.001). Overall, treatment according to recommendations had no statistically significant influence on mortality (14/44 [32%] vs 29/55 [52%], adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–1.19). However, patients who received immunomodulation had lower mortality (19/65 [29%] vs 24/34 [70%], adjusted OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.58). Treatment with non‐heparin anticoagulants instead of heparins was not associated with lower mortality (17/51 [33%] vs 13/35 [37%], adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.24–2.04). Mortality was also not significantly influenced by platelet transfusion (17/27 [63%] vs 26/72 [36%], adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.74–6.54). Conclusions In patients with VITT‐CVT, adherence to VITT treatment recommendations improved over time. Immunomodulation seems crucial for reducing mortality of VITT‐CVT. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:562–573
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scutelnic
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Krzywicka
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua Mbroh
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anita van de Munckhof
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mayte Sánchez van Kammen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- CEEM and Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Erik Lindgren
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albrecht Günther
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sini Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Maier
- Department of Neurology, Caritas Hospital Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Kern
- Department of Neurology, Kempten Hospital, Kempten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Department of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Markus Wiedmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Medina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Cox
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK
| | - Nicolas Raposo
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Katia Garambois
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Franchineau
- Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain en Laye, Poissy, France
| | - Serge Timsit
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - David Bougon
- Department of Critical Care, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Annecy, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Dubois
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Audrey Tawa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Bonneville
- Department of Neuroradiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Vayne
- Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Annerose Mengel
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Pelz
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bode
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Judith Schouten
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Buture
- Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Murphy
- Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Palma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Negro
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Alexander Gutschalk
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Giovanni Frisullo
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Zanferrari
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano e della Martesana, Melegnano, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, XXXV Cycle, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mar Morin Martin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Complex of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alvaro Cervera
- Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jim Burrow
- Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Carlos Garcia Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beng Lim Alvin Chew
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cristina Soriano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Castellón, Castelló, Spain
| | | | - Marco Petruzzellis
- Department of Neurology, AOU Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ahmed Elkady
- Department of Neurology, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel S Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cascais Dr José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Department of Neurology, Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus, Trollhattan, Sweden
| | | | - Elias Johansson
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simerpreet Bal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Buck
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Legault
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan Blacquiere
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans D Katzberg
- Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dizonno
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Christian Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annemie Devroye
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Masoud Ghiasian
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Sophie Chatterton
- Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miriam Wronski
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karl Ng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Kahnis
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Toulouse 3-Paul-Sabatier, University Hospital of Toulouse, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Peggy Reiner
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Lariboisière Université Paris-7, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Internal Medicine & Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Levi
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric C M van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justine Brodard
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marieke J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - José M Ferro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Poli
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Casetta I, Fainardi E, Pracucci G, Saia V, Sallustio F, da Ros V, Nappini S, Nencini P, Bigliardi G, Vinci S, Grillo F, Bracco S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Saletti A, De Vito A, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Simonetti L, Zini A, Ruggiero M, Longoni M, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Castellini P, Cosottini M, Comai A, Franchini E, Lozupone E, Della Marca G, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Baracchini C, Savio D, Duc E, Ricciardi G, Cappellari M, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzellis M, Cavallini A, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Burdi N, Boero G, Giorgianni A, Versino M, Biraschi F, Nicolini E, Comelli S, Melis M, Padolecchia R, Tassinari T, Paolo Nuzzi N, Marcheselli S, Sacco S, Invernizzi P, Gallesio I, Ferrandi D, Fancello M, Valeria Saddi M, Russo M, Pischedda A, Baule A, Mannino M, Florio F, Inchingolo V, Elena Flacco M, Romano D, Silvagni U, Inzitari D, Mangiafico S, Toni D. Sex differences in outcome after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. A propensity score-matched study. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:151-157. [PMID: 35647312 PMCID: PMC9134778 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to investigate whether there are gender differences in clinical outcome after stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) after mechanical thrombectomy (EVT) in a large population of real-world patients. METHODS From the Italian Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy, we extracted clinical and outcome data of patients treated for stroke due to large vessel occlusion. We compared clinical and safety outcomes in men and women who underwent EVT alone or in combination with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in the total population and in a Propensity Score matched set. RESULTS Among 3422 patients included in the study, 1801 (52.6%) were women. Despite older age at onset (mean 72.4 vs 68.7; p < 0.001), and higher rate of atrial fibrillation (41.7% vs 28.6%; p < 0.001), women had higher probability of 3-month functional independence (adjusted odds ratio-adjOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02-1.38), of complete recanalization (adjOR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09-1.44) and lower probability of death (adjOR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62-0.90). After propensity-score matching, a well-balanced cohort comprising 1150 men and 1150 women was analyzed, confirming the same results regarding functional outcome (3-month functional independence: OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.04-1.51), and complete recanalization (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.09-1.53). CONCLUSIONS Subject to the limitations of a non-randomized comparison, women with stroke due to LVO treated with mechanical thrombectomy had a better chance to achieve complete recanalization, and 3-month functional independence than men. The results could be driven by women who underwent combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Casetta
- Clinical Neurology, University of
Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Saia
- Hospital Santa Corona Pietra Ligure,
Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Saletti
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di
Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro Magoni
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale
degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Zini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze
Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrica Duc
- Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino,
Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Florio
- Fondazione di Religione e di Culto
Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Inchingolo
- Fondazione di Religione e di Culto
Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danilo Toni
- University of Rome La Sapienza, RM,
Roma, Italy
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8
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Giammello F, Grillo F, Granata F, Galletta K, La Spina P, Toscano A, Musolino RF. Primary CNS infiltrative parenchymal histiocytosis. Pract Neurol 2022; 22:330-331. [PMID: 35470247 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2022-003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Giammello
- International PhD Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy .,Stroke Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Granata
- Neuroradiology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Karol Galletta
- Neuroradiology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Stroke Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- Stroke Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Sicilia, Italy
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9
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Simbolo M, Centonze G, Ali G, Garzone G, Taormina S, Sabella G, Ciaparrone C, Mafficini A, Grillo F, Mangogna A, Volante M, Mastracci L, Fontanini G, Pilotto S, Bria E, Infante M, Capella C, Rolli L, Pastorino U, Milella M, Milione M, Scarpa A. Integrative molecular analysis of combined small-cell lung carcinomas identifies major subtypes with different therapeutic opportunities. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100308. [PMID: 34952268 PMCID: PMC8695295 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined small-cell lung cancer (C-SCLC) is composed of SCLC admixed with a non-small-cell cancer component. They currently receive the same treatment as SCLC. The recent evidence that SCLC may belong to either of two lineages, neuroendocrine (NE) or non-NE, with different vulnerability to specific cell death pathways such as ferroptosis, opens new therapeutic opportunities also for C-SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen C-SCLCs, including five with adenocarcinoma (CoADC), five with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (CoLCNEC) and three with squamous cell carcinoma (CoSQC) components, were assessed for alterations in 409 genes and transcriptomic profiling of 20 815 genes. RESULTS All 13 cases harbored TP53 (12 cases) and/or RB1 (7 cases) inactivation, which was accompanied by mutated KRAS in 4 and PTEN in 3 cases. Potentially targetable alterations included two KRAS G12C, two PIK3CA and one EGFR mutations. Comparison of C-SCLC transcriptomes with those of 57 pure histology lung cancers (17 ADCs, 20 SQCs, 11 LCNECs, 9 SCLCs) showed that CoLCNEC and CoADC constituted a standalone group of NE tumors, while CoSQC transcriptional setup was overlapping that of pure SQC. Using transcriptional signatures of NE versus non-NE SCLC as classifier, CoLCNEC was clearly NE while CoSQC was strongly non-NE and CoADC exhibited a heterogeneous phenotype. Similarly, using ferroptosis sensitivity/resistance markers, CoSQC was classified as sensitive (as expected for non-NE), CoLCNEC as resistant (as expected for NE) and CoADC showed a heterogeneous pattern. CONCLUSIONS These data support routine molecular profiling of C-SCLC to search for targetable driver alterations and to precisely classify them according to therapeutically relevant subgroups (e.g. NE versus non-NE).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simbolo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Centonze
- Pathology Unit 1, Pathology and Laboratory Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - G Ali
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Garzone
- Pathology Unit 1, Pathology and Laboratory Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - S Taormina
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Sabella
- Pathology Unit 1, Pathology and Laboratory Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy; School of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ciaparrone
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Mafficini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; ARC-Net Research Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova and IRCCS S. Martino-IST University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - L Mastracci
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova and IRCCS S. Martino-IST University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Pilotto
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Bria
- Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - M Infante
- Thoracic Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Capella
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery and Research Centre for the Study of Hereditary and Familial tumors, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L Rolli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - U Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Milione
- Pathology Unit 1, Pathology and Laboratory Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Scarpa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; ARC-Net Research Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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Dell'Aera C, Giammello F, Caragliano AA, Ciacciarelli A, Francalanza I, Currò CT, Pitrone A, Grillo F, Casella C, Fazio MC, La Spina P, Cotroneo M, Crea P, Toscano A, Vinci SL, Musolino RF. Repeated reperfusion treatment in recurrent ischemic stroke: A retrospective single-center case series. J Neurol Sci 2022; 434:120147. [PMID: 35033745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding repeated reperfusion therapy (rRT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), including intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment (EVT), are quite poor. To date, there are only few case reports and five larger studies on repeated EVT. We aimed to report our single-center experience and describe different clinical scenarios of recurrent AIS with emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO), for which the decision-making process could be challenging in the emergency setting. We retrospectively reviewed 765 consecutive AIS patients with LVO, who underwent reperfusion procedures at our comprehensive stroke center, from 2014 to 2020, and identified rRT patients. We identified and reviewed the medical records of eight patients (1.05%), who repeated reperfusive treatment for recurrent stroke within 30 days (early arterial reocclusion, EAR) and after 30 days (late arterial reocclusion, LAR). We assigned collected data to three clinical scenarios, each divided into EAR and LAR cases. All patients had recurrent emergent LVO in the same vessel territory previously affected, both in EAR and LAR patients. A good clinical outcome has been achieved in EAR patients (modified Rankin Score ≤ 2). Artery-to-artery embolic mechanism was more common in the EAR group, while LAR was more frequently associated with cardioembolic source. RRT appears to be an effective treatment option for recurrent LVO, and it should not be withheld in carefully selected patients. EVT should be considered, including aspiration-only and stenting procedures in patients with AIS and recurrent LVO after previous reperfusive treatments, even after a very short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dell'Aera
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- International PhD Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Armando Caragliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Francalanza
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Tiberio Currò
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pitrone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crea
- Cardiology Unit with U.T.I.C., Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Lucio Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Currò CT, Cotroneo M, Ciacciarelli A, Dell'Aera C, Grillo F, La Spina P, Fazio MC, Laganà A, De Caro J, Trimarchi G, Toscano A, Musolino RF, Casella C. Ischemic Stroke and Asymptomatic Pulmonary Opacities. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106230. [PMID: 34864609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary opacities are described in many chest radiograph reports in stroke patients and are often asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features associated with asymptomatic pulmonary opacities (APO) and evaluate APO prognostic value in ischemic stroke. METHODS We prospectively analyzed patients with acute ischemic stroke without pneumonia symptoms referred to our stroke center. All patients underwent a chest x-ray within 48 hours after admission. We divided patients with APO (defined as asymptomatic area of increased pulmonary attenuation) and patients without APO. Firstly, we compared clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters between groups; secondly, APO were evaluated as a possible predictor of the neurological severity at discharge and functional outcome at 90 days. RESULTS We included 162 patients, 78 of whom had APO. On univariate analysis, we observed a significant difference between patients with APO and patients without APO in terms of neutrophils (73,56±10,10 vs 69,72±12,29; p=0,031), atrial fibrillation (AF, paroxysmal 27,4% vs 25,6%; permanent 19% vs 2,6%; p<0,002), cardioembolic etiology (37,2% vs 22,7%, p <0,033), thrombectomy (58,3% vs 42,9%, p <0,05), dysphagia/vomit (34,5% vs 14,10%, p<0,005), admission NIHSS (14,20±5,98 vs 10,29±5,82, p=0,001), discharge NIHSS (8,68±6,73 vs 5,64±6,20; p=0,003), and 90 days mRS (3,47±2,12 vs 2,31±1,93; p=0,001). On multivariate analysis, APO were significantly associated with admission NIHSS and AF. APO were a predictor of outcome on univariate analysis, but not on multivariate. CONCLUSION APO in acute ischemic stroke are associated with AF. APO were not a predictor of neurological and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Tiberio Currò
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Aera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Laganà
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jolanda De Caro
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Toscano
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Sánchez van Kammen M, Aguiar de Sousa D, Poli S, Cordonnier C, Heldner MR, van de Munckhof A, Krzywicka K, van Haaps T, Ciccone A, Middeldorp S, Levi MM, Kremer Hovinga JA, Silvis S, Hiltunen S, Mansour M, Arauz A, Barboza MA, Field TS, Tsivgoulis G, Nagel S, Lindgren E, Tatlisumak T, Jood K, Putaala J, Ferro JM, Arnold M, Coutinho JM, Sharma AR, Elkady A, Negro A, Günther A, Gutschalk A, Schönenberger S, Buture A, Murphy S, Paiva Nunes A, Tiede A, Puthuppallil Philip A, Mengel A, Medina A, Hellström Vogel Å, Tawa A, Aujayeb A, Casolla B, Buck B, Zanferrari C, Garcia-Esperon C, Vayne C, Legault C, Pfrepper C, Tracol C, Soriano C, Guisado-Alonso D, Bougon D, Zimatore DS, Michalski D, Blacquiere D, Johansson E, Cuadrado-Godia E, De Maistre E, Carrera E, Vuillier F, Bonneville F, Giammello F, Bode FJ, Zimmerman J, d'Onofrio F, Grillo F, Cotton F, Caparros F, Puy L, Maier F, Gulli G, Frisullo G, Polkinghorne G, Franchineau G, Cangür H, Katzberg H, Sibon I, Baharoglu I, Brar J, Payen JF, Burrow J, Fernandes J, Schouten J, Althaus K, Garambois K, Derex L, Humbertjean L, Lebrato Hernandez L, Kellermair L, Morin Martin M, Petruzzellis M, Cotelli M, Dubois MC, Carvalho M, Wittstock M, Miranda M, Skjelland M, Bandettini di Poggio M, Scholz MJ, Raposo N, Kahnis R, Kruyt N, Huet O, Sharma P, Candelaresi P, Reiner P, Vieira R, Acampora R, Kern R, Leker R, Coutts S, Bal S, Sharma SS, Susen S, Cox T, Geeraerts T, Gattringer T, Bartsch T, Kleinig TJ, Dizonno V, Arslan Y. Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1314-1323. [PMID: 34581763 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) has been reported after vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson). Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with and without TTS. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from an international registry of consecutive patients with CVST within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination included between March 29 and June 18, 2021, from 81 hospitals in 19 countries. For reference, data from patients with CVST between 2015 and 2018 were derived from an existing international registry. Clinical characteristics and mortality rate were described for adults with (1) CVST in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, (2) CVST after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination not fulling criteria for TTS, and (3) CVST unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Exposures Patients were classified as having TTS if they had new-onset thrombocytopenia without recent exposure to heparin, in accordance with the Brighton Collaboration interim criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical characteristics and mortality rate. Results Of 116 patients with postvaccination CVST, 78 (67.2%) had TTS, of whom 76 had been vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCov-19; 38 (32.8%) had no indication of TTS. The control group included 207 patients with CVST before the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 63 of 78 (81%), 30 of 38 (79%), and 145 of 207 (70.0%) patients, respectively, were female, and the mean (SD) age was 45 (14), 55 (20), and 42 (16) years, respectively. Concomitant thromboembolism occurred in 25 of 70 patients (36%) in the TTS group, 2 of 35 (6%) in the no TTS group, and 10 of 206 (4.9%) in the control group, and in-hospital mortality rates were 47% (36 of 76; 95% CI, 37-58), 5% (2 of 37; 95% CI, 1-18), and 3.9% (8 of 207; 95% CI, 2.0-7.4), respectively. The mortality rate was 61% (14 of 23) among patients in the TTS group diagnosed before the condition garnered attention in the scientific community and 42% (22 of 53) among patients diagnosed later. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with CVST, a distinct clinical profile and high mortality rate was observed in patients meeting criteria for TTS after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Sánchez van Kammen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sven Poli
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita van de Munckhof
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Krzywicka
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs van Haaps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Department of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Levi
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna A Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Silvis
- Department of Neurology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sini Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maryam Mansour
- Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Antonio Arauz
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- Neurosciences Department, Hospital Dr R.A. Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology in National, Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Lindgren
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose M Ferro
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Aarti R Sharma
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Elkady
- Department of Neurology, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Negro
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Albrecht Günther
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Gutschalk
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alina Buture
- Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Murphy
- Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana Paiva Nunes
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Annerose Mengel
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Medina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Audrey Tawa
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Casolla
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, United Kingdom.,Stroke Unit, Hôpital Pasteur 2, URRIS - UR2CA, Unité de Recherche Clinique Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Brian Buck
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla Zanferrari
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano e della Martesana, Melegnano, Italy
| | | | - Caroline Vayne
- Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Catherine Legault
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Pfrepper
- Division of Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cristina Soriano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Castellón, Castelló, Spain
| | | | - David Bougon
- Department of Critical Care, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Annecy, France
| | | | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dylan Blacquiere
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elias Johansson
- Department Clinical Science, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrice Bonneville
- Department of Neuroradiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, XXXV Cycle, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Felix J Bode
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Zimmerman
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Francois Cotton
- Department of Radiology, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - François Caparros
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Puy
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Frank Maier
- Department of Neurology, Caritas Hospital Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giosue Gulli
- Department of Medicine, Ashford and St Peters Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Frisullo
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Guillaume Franchineau
- Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain en Laye, Poissy, France
| | - Hakan Cangür
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the City of Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Hans Katzberg
- Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Sibon
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irem Baharoglu
- Department of Neurology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jaskiran Brar
- Department of Neurology, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jim Burrow
- Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Australia
| | - João Fernandes
- Department of Neurology, Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus, Trollhattan, Sweden
| | - Judith Schouten
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | | | - Katia Garambois
- Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Derex
- Department of Neurology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Lukas Kellermair
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Mar Morin Martin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Complex of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marco Petruzzellis
- Department of Neurology, AOU Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Department of Neurology, ASL Vallecamonica-Sebino, Breno, Italy
| | - Marie-Cécile Dubois
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marta Carvalho
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cascais Dr José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Moritz J Scholz
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Raposo
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Kahnis
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Nyika Kruyt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Huet
- UFR de Bio-médecine, Hospital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Candelaresi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Peggy Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- Department of Hematology, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Rolf Kern
- Department of Neurology, Kempten Hospital, Kempten, Germany
| | - Ronen Leker
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shelagh Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simerpreet Bal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shyam S Sharma
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Susen
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Cox
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thorsten Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vanessa Dizonno
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yildiz Arslan
- Neurology Clinic, Medicana İzmir International Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Locatelli M, Grassi M, Saba V, Iacovello L, di Castelnuovo A, de Gaetano G, Zedde M, Marcheselli S, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Delodovici ML, Princiotta Cariddi L, Giossi A, Zini A, Paciaroni M, Acciarresi M, Azzini C, De Vito A, Gamba M, Magoni M, Del Sette M, Toriello A, Gandolfo C, Finocchi C, Bonifati DM, Tassi R, Martini G, Cavallini A, Morotti A, Bonacina S, Mazzoleni V, Pezzini D, Chiti A, Calabrò RS, Musolino R, La Spina P, Grillo F, Tomelleri G, Lodigiani C, Ritelli M, Colombi M, Padovani A, Pezzini A. Age-dependent effect of susceptibility factors on the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage: Multicenter Study on Cerebral Hemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:1068-1071. [PMID: 34253639 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the age-dependent impact of traditional stroke risk factors on the occurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We performed a case-control analysis, comparing consecutive patients with ICH with age-matched and sex-matched stroke-free controls, enrolled in the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Hemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) between 2002 and 2014 by multivariable logistic regression model within subgroups stratified by age quartiles (Q1-Q4). RESULTS We analysed 3492 patients and 3492 controls. The impact of untreated hypertension on the risk of ICH was higher in the lower than in the upper age quartile (OR 11.64, 95% CI 7.68 to 17.63 in Q1 vs OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.09 to 11.85 in Q4 with intermediate ORs in Q2 and Q3), while the opposite trend was observed for untreated hypercholesterolaemia (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97 in Q1 vs OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56 in Q4 with intermediate ORs in Q2 and Q3). The effect of untreated diabetes and excessive alcohol intake was detected only in the older age group (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 10.73, and OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.51, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence of age-dependent differences in the effects of susceptibility factors on the risk of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Mario Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Saba
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Licia Iacovello
- Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italia.,Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italia
| | | | | | - Marialuisa Zedde
- S.C. Neurologia, Stroke Unit, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Group, Rozzano, Italia
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantova, Italia
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantova, Italia
| | | | | | - Alessia Giossi
- UO Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italia
| | - Andrea Zini
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - Cristiano Azzini
- Stroke Unit, Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italia
| | - Alessandro De Vito
- Stroke Unit, Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italia
| | - Massimo Gamba
- Stroke Unit, Neurologia Vascolare, ASST Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Mauro Magoni
- Stroke Unit, Neurologia Vascolare, ASST Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | | | - Antonella Toriello
- UOC Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Salerno, Italia
| | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - Cinzia Finocchi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Morotti
- UOC Neurologia, ASST Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italia
| | - Sonia Bonacina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Valentina Mazzoleni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Debora Pezzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Alberto Chiti
- Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italia
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italia
| | - Rosa Musolino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italia
| | - Paolo La Spina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italia
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Messina, Italia
| | - Giampaolo Tomelleri
- USD Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italia
| | - Corrado Lodigiani
- UOC Centro Trombosi e Malattie Emorragiche, IRCCS Humanitas Group, Rozzano, Italia
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Marina Colombi
- Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
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14
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Gardin A, Tiberio Currò C, La Spina P, Brizzi T, Casella C, Cotroneo M, Dell'Aera C, Carolina Fazio M, Grillo F, Naro A, Cavallaro M, Galletta K, Granata F, Toscano A, Fortunata Musolino R. Spinal cord ischemia: A rare manifestation of a floating thrombus. J Neurol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Currò CT, Francalanza I, Cotroneo M, Dell’Aera C, Casella C, La Spina P, Fazio MC, Grillo F, Toscano A, Musolino RF. Vascular pattern and radiological follow up in a case of pontine warning syndrome. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07369. [PMID: 34222700 PMCID: PMC8242993 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontine warning syndrome (PWS) is a condition characterized by crescendo transient ischemic attacks due to pontine ischemia. The reported case described a 72-year-old woman who presented repetitive sudden episodes of double vision, impaired balance, slurred speech and right-sided weakness. Neurological deficits lasted a few minutes-hours and disappeared during the first seven days after onset. On the 1st day, MRI revealed acute left paramedian pontine infarction with focal swelling. Supra-aortic vessel imagining revealed bilateral internal carotid stenosis of 50%; hypoplasia of the left vertebral artery. On the 7th day, MRI showed a tissue swelling reduction, and from that day, she had no symptoms. These clinical and radiological features were suggestive of PWS. Our patient presented a particular vascular pattern that could favour symptoms fluctuation. We performed a close MRI follow up and it allowed us to observe a clinical stabilization in association with edema reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Tiberio Currò
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Francalanza
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell’Aera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Stroke Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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16
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Cappellari M, Saia V, Pracucci G, Sallustio F, Gandini R, Nappini S, Nencini P, Vallone S, Zini A, Bigliardi G, Granata F, Grillo F, Cioni S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Saletti A, De Vito A, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Taglialatela F, Ruggiero M, Longoni M, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Castellini P, Cosottini M, Mancuso M, Comai A, Franchini E, Lozupone E, Della Marca G, Ciceri EFM, Bonetti B, Zampieri P, Inzitari D, Mangiafico S, Toni D. Functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in stroke patients with unknown onset: Bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:209-219. [PMID: 32924246 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to assess functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy) versus direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in unknown onset stroke patients. METHODS A cohort study was conducted on prospectively collected data from unknown onset stroke patients who received endovascular procedures at ≤6 h from symptom recognition or awakening time. RESULTS Of the 349 patients with a 10-point Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), 248 received bridging and 101 received direct MT. Of the 134 patients with 6-9-point ASPECTS, 123 received bridging and 111 received direct MT. Each patient treated with bridging was propensity score matched with a patient treated with direct MT for age, sex, study period, pre-stroke disability, stroke severity, type of stroke onset, symptom recognition to groin time (or awakening to groin time), ASPECTS and procedure time. In the two matched groups with 10-point ASPECTS (n = 73 vs. n = 73), bridging was associated with higher rates of excellent outcome (46.6% vs. 28.8%; odds ratio 2.302, 95% confidence interval 1.010-5.244) and successful recanalization (83.6% vs. 63%; odds ratio 3.028, 95% confidence interval 1.369-6.693) compared with direct MT; no significant association was found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 1.4%). In the two matched groups with 6-9-point ASPECTS (n = 45 vs. n = 45), no significant associations were found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rates of excellent functional outcome (44.4% vs. 31.1%), successful recanalization (73.3% vs. 76.5%) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 0%). CONCLUSIONS Bridging at ≤ 6 h of symptom recognition or awakening time was associated with better functional and radiological outcomes in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cappellari
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - V Saia
- Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | | | | | - R Gandini
- Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - S Nappini
- Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - P Nencini
- Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Vallone
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - A Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bigliardi
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - F Granata
- Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cioni
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - R Tassi
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - M Bergui
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - P Cerrato
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - A Saletti
- Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A De Vito
- Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - F Taglialatela
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - R Menozzi
- Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A Comai
- Ospedale Provinciale, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - E F M Ciceri
- Fondazione IRCSS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - B Bonetti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - P Zampieri
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - D Toni
- Sapienza University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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17
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Giammello F, Dell’Aera C, Grillo F, Cotroneo M, Casella C, La Spina P, Currò CT, Velo M, Granata F, Toscano A, Musolino RF, Fazio MC. Minor stroke with bilateral acute infarctions and combined vascular anomalies: A complex case report. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05253. [PMID: 33102862 PMCID: PMC7578254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with bilateral acute ischemic lesions (AIS) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory associated with an extremely rare combination of anomalies of the aortic arch and the left internal carotid artery (ICA). The diagnosis deposed for bilateral minor embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), inpatient with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and positive antiphospholipid (aPL) test. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient with this rare combination of vascular anomalies.
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18
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Cappellari M, Pracucci G, Forlivesi S, Saia V, Nappini S, Nencini P, Inzitari D, Greco L, Sallustio F, Vallone S, Bigliardi G, Zini A, Pitrone A, Grillo F, Musolino R, Bracco S, Tinturini R, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Saletti A, De Vito A, Casetta I, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Scoditti U, Causin F, Baracchini C, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Ruggiero M, Malatesta E, Comelli C, Chianale G, Lauretti DL, Mancuso M, Lafe E, Cavallini A, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Ciceri EFM, Bonetti B, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzelli M, Giorgianni A, Versino M, Ganimede MP, Tinelli A, Auteri W, Petrone A, Guidetti G, Nicolini E, Allegretti L, Tassinari T, Filauri P, Sacco S, Pavia M, Invernizzi P, Nuzzi NP, Carmela Spinelli M, Amistà P, Russo M, Ferrandi D, Corraine S, Craparo G, Mannino M, Simonetti L, Toni D, Mangiafico S. General Anesthesia Versus Conscious Sedation and Local Anesthesia During Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:2036-2044. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.028963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
As numerous questions remain about the best anesthetic strategy during thrombectomy, we assessed functional and radiological outcomes in stroke patients treated with thrombectomy in presence of general anesthesia (GA) versus conscious sedation (CS) and local anesthesia (LA).
Methods:
We conducted a cohort study on prospectively collected data from 4429 patients enrolled in the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke.
Results:
GA was used in 2013 patients, CS in 1285 patients, and LA in 1131 patients. The rates of 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 were 32.7%, 33.7%, and 38.1% in the GA, CS, and LA groups: GA versus CS: odds ratios after adjustment for unbalanced variables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]), 0.811 (95% CI, 0.602–1.091); and GA versus LA: aOR, 0.714 (95% CI, 0.515–0.990). The rates of modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 were 42.5%, 46.6%, and 52.4% in the GA, CS, and LA groups: GA versus CS: aOR, 0.902 (95% CI, 0.689–1.180); and GA versus LA: aOR, 0.769 (95% CI, 0.566–0.998). The rates of 3-month death were 21.5%, 19.7%, and 14.8% in the GA, CS, and LA groups: GA versus CS: aOR, 0.872 (95% CI, 0.644–1.181); and GA versus LA: aOR, 1.235 (95% CI, 0.844–1.807). The rates of parenchymal hematoma were 9%, 12.6%, and 11.3% in the GA, CS, and LA groups: GA versus CS: aOR, 0.380 (95% CI, 0.262–0.551); and GA versus LA: aOR, 0.532 (95% CI, 0.337–0.838). After model of adjustment for predefined variables (age, sex, thrombolysis, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, onset-to-groin time, anterior large vessel occlusion, procedure time, prestroke modified Rankin Scale score of <1, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant), differences were found also between GA versus CS as regards modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 (aOR, 0.659 [95% CI, 0.538–0.807]) and GA versus LA as regards death (aOR, 1.413 [95% CI, 1.095–1.823]).
Conclusions:
GA during thrombectomy was associated with worse 3-month functional outcomes, especially when compared with LA. The inclusion of an LA arm in future randomized clinical trials of anesthesia strategy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cappellari
- Neuroscience Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F., E.F.M.C., B.B.)
| | - Giovanni Pracucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy (G.P., D.I.)
| | - Stefano Forlivesi
- Neuroscience Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F., E.F.M.C., B.B.)
| | - Valentina Saia
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy (V.S., L.A., T.T.)
| | - Sergio Nappini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.N., P.N., S.M.)
| | - Patrizia Nencini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.N., P.N., S.M.)
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy (G.P., D.I.)
| | - Laura Greco
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (L.G., F.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Sallustio
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (L.G., F.S.)
| | - Stefano Vallone
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy (S.V., G.B.)
| | - Guido Bigliardi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy (S.V., G.B.)
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Institute of the Neurological Sciences, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy (A.Z., L.S.)
| | - Antonio Pitrone
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy (A. Pitrone, F.G., R. Musolino)
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy (A. Pitrone, F.G., R. Musolino)
| | - Rosa Musolino
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy (A. Pitrone, F.G., R. Musolino)
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy (S.B., R. Tinturini, R. Tassi)
| | - Rebecca Tinturini
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy (S.B., R. Tinturini, R. Tassi)
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy (S.B., R. Tinturini, R. Tassi)
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy (M.B., P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cerrato
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy (M.B., P.C.)
| | - Andrea Saletti
- Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.S., A.D.V., I.C.)
| | - Alessandro De Vito
- Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.S., A.D.V., I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.S., A.D.V., I.C.)
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (R.G., M. Magoni)
| | - Mauro Magoni
- Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (R.G., M. Magoni)
| | - Lucio Castellan
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy (L. Castellan, L.M.)
| | - Laura Malfatto
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy (L. Castellan, L.M.)
| | - Roberto Menozzi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy (R. Menozzi, U.S.)
| | - Umberto Scoditti
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy (R. Menozzi, U.S.)
| | - Francesco Causin
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Padova, Italy (F.C., C.B.)
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Padova, Italy (F.C., C.B.)
| | - Edoardo Puglielli
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Mazzini, Teramo, Italy (E.P., A. Casalena)
| | - Alfonsina Casalena
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Civile Mazzini, Teramo, Italy (E.P., A. Casalena)
| | - Maria Ruggiero
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale M. Bufalini, Cesena, Italy (M. Ruggiero, E.M.)
| | - Emanuele Malatesta
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale M. Bufalini, Cesena, Italy (M. Ruggiero, E.M.)
| | - Chiara Comelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy (C.C., G. Chianale)
| | - Gigliola Chianale
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy (C.C., G. Chianale)
| | - Dario Luca Lauretti
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Cisanello, Pisa, Italy (D.L.L., M. Mancuso)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Cisanello, Pisa, Italy (D.L.L., M. Mancuso)
| | - Elvis Lafe
- Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Policlinico IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Anna Cavallini
- Cerebrovascular Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy (A. Cavallini)
| | - Nicola Cavasin
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale dell’Angelo-ULSS3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy (N.C., A. Critelli)
| | - Adriana Critelli
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale dell’Angelo-ULSS3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy (N.C., A. Critelli)
| | - Elisa Francesca Maria Ciceri
- Neuroscience Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F., E.F.M.C., B.B.)
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Neuroscience Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy (M.C., S.F., E.F.M.C., B.B.)
| | - Luigi Chiumarulo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria-Policlinico, Bari, Italy (L. Chiumarulo, M. Petruzzelli)
| | - Marco Petruzzelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria-Policlinico, Bari, Italy (L. Chiumarulo, M. Petruzzelli)
| | - Andrea Giorgianni
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Universitario Circolo-ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy (A.G., M.V.)
| | - Maurizio Versino
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Ospedale Universitario Circolo-ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy (A.G., M.V.)
| | - Maria Porzia Ganimede
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Taranto, Italy (M.P.G., A.T.)
| | - Angelica Tinelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Taranto, Italy (M.P.G., A.T.)
| | - Wiliam Auteri
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy (W.A., A.P.)
| | - Alfredo Petrone
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy (W.A., A.P.)
| | - Giulio Guidetti
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy (G.G., E.N., D.T.)
| | - Ettore Nicolini
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy (G.G., E.N., D.T.)
| | - Luca Allegretti
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy (V.S., L.A., T.T.)
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy (V.S., L.A., T.T.)
| | - Pietro Filauri
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy (P.F., S.S.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy (P.F., S.S.)
| | - Marco Pavia
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy (M. Pavia, P.I.)
| | - Paolo Invernizzi
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy (M. Pavia, P.I.)
| | - Nunzio Paolo Nuzzi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (N.P.N., M.C.S.)
| | - Maria Carmela Spinelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (N.P.N., M.C.S.)
| | - Pietro Amistà
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy (P.A., M. Russo)
| | - Monia Russo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Maria Misericordia, Rovigo, Italy (P.A., M. Russo)
| | - Delfina Ferrandi
- Neuroradiology Unit and Neurology Unit, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy (D.F.)
| | - Simona Corraine
- Interventional Vascular Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale S. Michele-AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civico-A.R.N.A.S., Palermo, Italy (G. Craparo, M.M.)
| | - Marina Mannino
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civico-A.R.N.A.S., Palermo, Italy (G. Craparo, M.M.)
| | - Luigi Simonetti
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Institute of the Neurological Sciences, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy (A.Z., L.S.)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit and Stroke Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy (G.G., E.N., D.T.)
| | - Salvatore Mangiafico
- NEUROFARBA Department, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.N., P.N., S.M.)
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Puccini A, Damiani A, Varesco L, Zupo S, Battistuzzi L, Bregni G, Bruzzone C, Iaia M, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Sciallero S. PD-9 Universal screening for Lynch syndrome: Reflex testing to improve appropriateness of genetic counseling and diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Morgan SP, Canfarotta F, Piletska EV, Grillo F, Korposh S, Liu L, Hernandez FU, Correia R, Norris A, Sinha R, Hayes-Gill BR, Piletsky SA. Optical fiber sensors for monitoring in critical care. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:1139-1143. [PMID: 31946095 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of key physiological and pharmacological parameters is an important part of a closed loop control system in critical care. Optical fiber sensors provide a versatile platform technology that can be easily incorporated into existing in-dwelling catheters or face masks. With appropriate functional coatings they can be used to monitor a range of relevant parameters and two different examples are presented: (i) respiration monitoring; (ii) drug level monitoring. Respiration monitoring involves monitoring of temperature and humidity in inhaled and exhaled breath. The optical fiber sensor consists of a fiber Bragg grating to measure temperature and a tip coating whose refractive index changes with humidity. The sensor is demonstrated to be able to track breath to breath changes when incorporated into a mask. Drug level monitoring is demonstrated in vitro using a long period grating coated with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles that are sensitive to fentanyl. The sensor has a limit of detection of 50ng/ml.
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21
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Giammello F, Cosenza D, Casella C, Granata F, Dell’Aera C, Fazio M, La Spina P, Grillo F, Cotroneo M, Toscano A, Musolino R. Isolated Insular Stroke: Clinical Presentation. Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 49:10-18. [DOI: 10.1159/000504777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms related to insular ischemia have been the object of several studies in patients affected by stroke, although they are often accompanied by other ischemic alteration of adjacent brain structures supplied by the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The insula is vulnerable because of an ischemia due to thromboembolic vascular occlusion of the M1 MCA segment and the 2 main MCA branches (M2), mainly when they abruptly arise from the principal stem at a right angle. This topographical and anatomical peculiarity could enable an embolic formation, especially due to atrial fibrillation (AF), to occlude the transition pathway between M1 and M2, while the proximal origin of vascular supply protects the insula from ischemia due to hemodynamic factors. The aim of the study is to characterize the clinical aspects of acute ischemic strokes as a first event in the insular territory with specific attention to atypical manifestation. We have considered 233 patients with a first event stroke involving the insular territory and 13 cases of isolated insular stroke (IIS), from the stroke registry of the Policlinico “G.Martino”, University of Messina, between the February 10, 2014 and the February 7, 2018. IIS patients showed CT/MRI lesions restricted to the insular region. Exclusion criteria were coexisting neurological diseases, structural brain lesions, extension to the subinsular area >50% of the total infarct volume. We identified 13 IIS patients (mean age 74 years), with an isolated symptom or a combination of typical and atypical aspects. Furthermore, we observed high frequency detection of cardiac disturbances. To our knowledge, just a few previous studies have described IIS; their incidence is still not well defined. IIS manifested with a combination of deficits including motor, somatosensory, speaking, coordination, autonomic and cognitive disturbances. After an ischemic stroke, AF manifestation could follow briefly the major event and its duration could be very short, as an autonomic dysfunction due to an insular infarction. This clinical condition requires a continuous cardiac monitoring for this dangerous occurrence.
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22
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Giammello F, Dell'Aera C, Grillo F, Cotroneo M, Casella C, Fazio MC, La Spina P, Francalanza I, Fiorenza A, Toscano A, Atzeni F, Musolino RF. Recurrent intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: an atypical case of Neuro-Behçet's Syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 191:105680. [PMID: 31981998 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 22-year-old man with an history of headaches, seizures, cognitive impairment associated with recurrent intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), worsened over the last eighteen months for a new onset of uveitis and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). After excluding common causes of lobar ICH, and some rare ones according to the diagnostic protocol proposed by Beuker et al, in the suspicion of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS), the gradual development of a low-grade fever, a cutaneous rash, and a papulopustular manifestation on lower back after rachicentesis (pathergy phenomenon), allowed us to make a diagnosis of Neuro-Behçet's Syndrome (NBS) without oral/genital aphthous ulcerations, according to the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease classification criteria for BD (ICBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Giammello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Aera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmela Casella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella Francalanza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Cotroneo M, Ciacciarelli A, Cosenza D, Casella C, Dell'Aera C, Grillo F, Fazio MC, La Spina P, Musolino RF. Hemiballism: Unusual clinical manifestation in three patients with frontoparietal infarct. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 188:105612. [PMID: 31810029 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The term hemiballism-hemichorea refers to a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements, often violent, described as uncontrollable jerking, flinging, flailing or kicking, involving proximal muscles of a limb and it is often associated with lesions in the subthalamic nucleus. In this report, we described three cases of hemiballism-hemichorea as the first manifestation of acute ischemic stroke with lesion in the frontoparietal region on brain MRI and no involvement of the subthalamic nucleus. One patient was treated with thrombolysis and recovered within one hour. The other patients recovered within 48 h from symptoms onset. The impairment of the recently described "hyperdirect way", in which the cortical signal reach directly the subthalamic nucleus, may underlie the symptoms. We support, with a clinical point of view, the role of the frontoparietal region in the genesis of the hemiballism-hemichorea. An acute onset of this symptom should lead to think to an acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masina Cotroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Cosenza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Aera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Galletta K, Granata F, Longo M, Alafaci C, De Ponte FS, Squillaci D, De Caro J, Grillo F, Benedetto F, Musolino R, Grasso G, Siniscalchi EN. An unusual internal carotid artery compression as a possible cause of Eagle syndrome - A novel hypothesis and an innovative surgical technique. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 31583171 PMCID: PMC6763667 DOI: 10.25259/sni_317_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Eagle syndrome (ES) is a rare symptomatic condition generally caused by an elongated styloid process (SP) or calcification of the stylohyoid complex. On the diagnosis is made, its treatment remains subjective since the indications for surgical intervention are still not standardized. Although styloidectomy is the surgical treatment of choice, no consensus exists regarding the transcervical or/and transoral route. Here, we report our experience in a patient with bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection caused by ES, who underwent innovative surgical technique. Case Description: A 53-year-old man, with the right-sided middle cerebral artery acute stroke, underwent computed tomography angiography 3 days after a successful endovascular treatment. The study showed a bilateral ICA dissection with bilateral hypertrophic SPs and a close relationship of ICAs with both SPs anteriorly and C1 transverse process posteriorly. Considering the occurrence of ICA compression by a styloid/C1 transverse process juxtaposition, the patient underwent the left partial C1 transversectomy by an extraoral approach. A temporary paresis of the ipsilateral lower lip lasted 1 month, with a partial remission after 3 months. The patient reported significant improvement of symptoms with a good esthetics and functional outcome. Conclusion: A styloid/C1 transverse process juxtaposition should be considered as an alternative pathogenetic mechanism in vascular ES. When a posterior ICA compression by C1 transverse process is present, a bone reshaping of C1 rather than a conventional styloidectomy can be considered an efficacious treatment which allows a good preservation of the styloid muscles and ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Galletta
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Granata
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Marcello Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Alafaci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco S De Ponte
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Squillaci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Jolanda De Caro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Benedetto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Musolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Nastro Siniscalchi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy
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Francalanza I, Ciacciarelli A, Caragliano AA, Casella C, Cotroneo M, Dell'Aera C, Fazio MC, Grillo F, Pitrone A, Vinci SL, Trimarchi G, Musolino RF, La Spina P. Acute Stroke Treatment in Patients with Basilar Artery Occlusion: A Single-Center Observational Study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2019; 9:90-97. [PMID: 31466054 PMCID: PMC6787421 DOI: 10.1159/000502084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) represents 1–4′ of all ischemic strokes. BAO results in strokes associated with a high risk of a poor functional outcome and, in 86–95′ of the untreated cases, it results in death because of the vital cerebral structures involved. Diagnosis can be delayed because of the variability in presenting symptoms, and acute treatment is often attempted even beyond 6 h from symptoms onset because of the high risk of a fatal prognosis. Objective In this observational study, we retrospectively analyzed patients with AIS due to BAO referred to the stroke center of the University Hospital of Messina. We aimed to assess prognostic factors and to evaluate the association between clinical outcome and posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) and collateral status. Method BAO was confirmed by cerebral computed tomography (CT) angiography or cerebral angiography. All patients underwent CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the pc-ASPECTS on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MR images and the Posterior Circulation Collateral Score (PC-CS) for every patient. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results The study population consisted of 27 patients; 16 males and 11 females. The mean age was 66 (±14) years. We observed a favorable outcome (mRS 0–3) in 40.7′ of cases, 25.9′ reached mRS 0–2, and 29.6′ had a poor clinical outcome (mRS 4–5). Patient survival was 70.4′, whereas 8 patients died (29.6′). In 7 patients, pc-ASPECTS was ≥7. According to the PC-CS, 33.3′ had moderate collaterals and 63.0′ had good collateral status prior to receiving the treatment. Favorable outcome was significantly associated with age, NIHSS score at admission, pc-ASPECTS, hypercholesterolemia, and female sex but not with the other risk factors. Conclusions In our study, we found that younger age, low NIHSS score at admission, and high pc-ASPECTS, but not onset to treatment time, are associated with a favorable clinical outcome. Transferred patients did not have a significantly poorer outcome. These findings confirm that acute stroke treatment improves clinical outcome in BAO patients, in spite of a delayed diagnosis and an extended therapeutic window, considering lesion volume and localization in DWI MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Francalanza
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Armando Caragliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Aera
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pitrone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Lucio Vinci
- Neuroradiology Unit, Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Fortunata Musolino
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolino La Spina
- Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
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Cappellari M, Mangiafico S, Saia V, Pracucci G, Nappini S, Nencini P, Konda D, Sallustio F, Vallone S, Zini A, Bracco S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Pitrone A, Grillo F, Saletti A, De Vito A, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Causin F, Baracchini C, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Scoditti U, Comelli C, Duc E, Comai A, Franchini E, Cosottini M, Mancuso M, Peschillo S, De Michele M, Giorgianni A, Delodovici ML, Lafe E, Denaro MF, Burdi N, Internò S, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzellis M, Doddi M, Carolei A, Auteri W, Petrone A, Padolecchia R, Tassinari T, Pavia M, Invernizzi P, Turcato G, Forlivesi S, Ciceri EFM, Bonetti B, Inzitari D, Toni D, Limbucci N, Consoli A, Renieri L, Fainardi E, Gandini R, Pampana E, Diomedi M, Koch G, Verganti L, Sacchetti F, Zelent G, Bigliardi G, Picchetto L, Vandelli L, Romano DG, Cioni S, Gennari P, Cerase A, Martini G, Stura G, Daniele D, Naldi A, Papa R, Vinci SL, Bernava G, Velo M, Caragliano A, Tessitore A, Buonomo O, Musolino R, La Spina P, Casella C, Carolina Fazio M, Cotroneo M, Onofrio M, Azzini C, Casetta I, Mardighian D, Frigerio M, Costa A, Di Egidio V, Lattanzi R, Assetta M, Cester G, Mavilio N, Serrati C, Piazza P, Epifani E, Andreone A, Castellini P, Latte L, Grisendi I, Vaudano G, Comelli S, Cavallo R, Chianale G, Simonetti L, Taglialatela F, Isceri S, Procaccianti G, Zaniboni A, Borghi A, Bonatti G, Ferro F, Bonatti M, Dall’Ora E, Currò Dossi R, Turri E, Turri M, Puglioli M, Lazzarotti G, Lauretti D, Giannini N, Maccarone M, Orlandi G, Chiti A, Guidetti G, Biraschi F, Falcou A, Anzini A, Mancini A, Fausti S, Di Mascio MT, Durastanti L, Sbardella E, Mellina V, Baruzzi F, Pellegrino C, Terrana A, Carimati F, Ruggiero M, Sanna A, Passarin MG, Colosimo C, Pedicelli A, D’Argento F, Alexandre A, Frisullo G, Zappoli F, Martignoni A, Cavallini A, Persico A, Valvassori L, Piano M, Agostoni E, Motto C, Gatti A, Longoni M, Guccione A, Tortorella R, Zampieri P, Zimatore DS, Grazioli A, Ricciardi GK, Augelli R, Bovi P, Tomelleri G, Micheletti N, Semeraro V, Lucarelli N, Ganimede M, Tinelli A, Pia Prontera M, Pesare A, Cagliari E, Quatrale R, Federico F, Passalacqua G, Filauri P, Orlandi B, De Santis F, Gabriele A, Tiseo C, Armentano A, Di Benedetto O, Silvagni U, Perrotta P, Crispino E, Stancati F, Rizzuto S, Pugliese P, Pisani E, Siniscalchi A, Gaudiano C, Pirritano D, Del Giudice F, Calia S, Ganci G, Sugo A, Scomazzoni F, Simionato F, Roveri L, De Nicola M, Giannoni M, Bruni S, Gambelli E, Provinciali L, Carriero A, Coppo L, Baldan J, Paolo Nuzzi N, Marcheselli S, Corato M, Cotroneo E, Ricciardi F, Gigli R, Pozzessere C, Pezzella FR, Corsi F, Squassina G, Cobelli M, Morassi M, Magni E, Pepe F, Bigni B, Costa P, Crabbio M, Griffini S, Palmerini F, Piras MP, Natrella M, Fanelli G, Cristoferi M, Bottacchi E, Corso G, Tosi P, Amistà P, Russo M, Tettoni S, Gallesio I, Mascolo MC, Meloni GB, Fabio C, Maiore M, Pintus F, Pischedda A, Manca A, Mongili C, Zanda B, Sanna A, Baule A, Pappalardo MP, Craparo G, Gallo C, Monaco S, Mannino M, Terruso V, Muto M, Guarnieri G, Andreone V, Dui G, Ticca A, Salmaggi A, Iannucci G, Pinna V, Di Clemente L, Perini F, De Boni A, De Luca C, De Giorgi F, Corraine S, Enne P, Ganau C, Piras V. IER-SICH Nomogram to Predict Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Thrombectomy for Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:909-916. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
As a reliable scoring system to detect the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombectomy for ischemic stroke is not yet available, we developed a nomogram for predicting symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who received bridging of thrombectomy with intravenous thrombolysis (training set), and to validate the model by using a cohort of patients treated with direct thrombectomy (test set).
Methods—
We conducted a cohort study on prospectively collected data from 3714 patients enrolled in the IER (Italian Registry of Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Acute Stroke). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as any type of intracerebral hemorrhage with increase of ≥4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score points from baseline ≤24 hours or death. Based on multivariate logistic models, the nomogram was generated. We assessed the discriminative performance by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results—
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, onset-to-end procedure time, age, unsuccessful recanalization, and Careggi collateral score composed the IER-SICH nomogram. After removing Careggi collateral score from the first model, a second model including Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the IER-SICH nomogram was 0.778 in the training set (n=492) and 0.709 in the test set (n=399). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the second model was 0.733 in the training set (n=988) and 0.685 in the test set (n=779).
Conclusions—
The IER-SICH nomogram is the first model developed and validated for predicting symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombectomy. It may provide indications on early identification of patients for more or less postprocedural intensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit (M. Cappellari, S.F., B.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mangiafico
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (S.M., S.N.), Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Valentina Saia
- Neurology and Stroke Unit (T.T., V.S.), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pracucci
- Stroke Unit (D.I., P.N., G.P.), Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- University of Florence, Firenze, Italy (G.P., P.N., D.I.)
| | - Sergio Nappini
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (S.M., S.N.), Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nencini
- Stroke Unit (D.I., P.N., G.P.), Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- University of Florence, Firenze, Italy (G.P., P.N., D.I.)
| | - Daniel Konda
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (D.K.), Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Vallone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense University Hospital, Modena, Italy (S.V.)
| | - Andrea Zini
- Stroke Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (S.B.), Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Stroke Unit (R.T.), Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (M.B.), Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Cerrato
- Stroke Unit (P.C.), Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Pitrone
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A. Pitrone), Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Saletti
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (A.S.), Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vito
- Stroke Unit (A.D.V.), Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magoni
- Stroke Unit (M. Magoni), Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglielli
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit (E.P.), Ospedale Civile Mazzini, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Causin
- Neuroradiology Unit (F.C.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeristaria, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Castellan
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (L. Castellan), IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Malfatto
- Stroke Unit (L.M.), IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Menozzi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (R.M.), Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Comelli
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (C.C.), Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrica Duc
- Neurology Unit (E.D.), Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Comai
- Radiology Unit (A. Comai), Ospedale Centrale, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Cosottini
- Neuroradiology Unit (M. Cosottini), Ospedale Cisanello, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Peschillo
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (S.P.), Sapienza University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Giorgianni
- Neuroradiology Unit (A.G.), Ospedale Universitario Circolo, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Elvis Lafe
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (E.L.), San Matteo Hospital and C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Burdi
- Interventional Radiology Unit (N.B.), Ospedale SS. Annunziata, Taranto, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Cavasin
- Neuroradiology Unit (N.C.), Ospedale dell’Angelo, USSL3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy
| | - Adriana Critelli
- Neurology Unit (A. Critelli), Ospedale dell’Angelo, USSL3 Serenissima, Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Marco Petruzzellis
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (M. Petruzzellis), Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Doddi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (M.D.), Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Carolei
- Stroke Unit (A. Carolei), Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy
| | - William Auteri
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (W.A.), Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alfredo Petrone
- Neurology Unit (A. Petrone), Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Neurology and Stroke Unit (T.T., V.S.), Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Marco Pavia
- Interventional Neuroradiology Unit (M. Pavia), Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Invernizzi
- Stroke Unit (P.I.), Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianni Turcato
- Emergency Department, Girolamo Fracastoro Hospital, San Bonifacio (Verona), Italy (G.T.)
| | - Stefano Forlivesi
- Stroke Unit (M. Cappellari, S.F., B.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Bonetti
- Stroke Unit (M. Cappellari, S.F., B.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Stroke Unit (D.I., P.N., G.P.), Ospedale Careggi-University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
- University of Florence, Firenze, Italy (G.P., P.N., D.I.)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Stroke Unit (M.D.M., D.T.), Sapienza University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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Cappellari M, Mangiafico S, Saia V, Pracucci G, Nappini S, Nencini P, Konda D, Sallustio F, Vallone S, Zini A, Bracco S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Pitrone A, Grillo F, Saletti A, De Vito A, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Causin F, Baracchini C, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Scoditti U, Comelli C, Duc E, Comai A, Franchini E, Cosottini M, Mancuso M, Peschillo S, De Michele M, Giorgianni A, Luisa Delodovici M, Lafe E, Denaro MF, Burdi N, Internò S, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzellis M, Doddi M, Carolei A, Auteri W, Petrone A, Padolecchia R, Tassinari T, Pavia M, Invernizzi P, Turcato G, Forlivesi S, Francesca Maria Ciceri E, Bonetti B, Inzitari D, Toni D. IER-START nomogram for prediction of three-month unfavorable outcome after thrombectomy for stroke. Int J Stroke 2019; 15:412-420. [PMID: 30907302 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019837756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The applicability of the current models for predicting functional outcome after thrombectomy in strokes with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is affected by a moderate predictive performance. AIMS We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram with pre- and post-treatment factors for prediction of the probability of unfavorable outcome in patients with anterior and posterior LVO who received bridging therapy or direct thrombectomy <6 h of stroke onset. METHODS We conducted a cohort study on patients data collected prospectively in the Italian Endovascular Registry (IER). Unfavorable outcome was defined as three-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 3-6. Six predictors, including NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, age, pre-stroke mRS score, bridging therapy or direct thrombectomy, grade of recanalization according to the thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia (TICI) grading system, and onset-to-end procedure time were identified a priori by three stroke experts. To generate the IER-START, the pre-established predictors were entered into a logistic regression model. The discriminative performance of the model was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). RESULTS A total of 1802 patients with complete data for generating the IER-START was randomly dichotomized into training (n = 1219) and test (n = 583) sets. The AUC-ROC of IER-START was 0.838 (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.816-0.869) in the training set, and 0.820 (95% CI: 0.786-0.854) in the test set. CONCLUSIONS The IER-START nomogram is the first prognostic model developed and validated in the largest population of stroke patients currently candidates to thrombectomy which reliably calculates the probability of three-month unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Vallone
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense - University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Bracco
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Cerrato
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrica Duc
- Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elvis Lafe
- San Matteo Hospital & C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Doddi
- Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Pavia
- Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Turcato
- Girolamo Fracastoro Hospital, San Bonifacio (Verona), Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Bonetti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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Costa P, Grassi M, Iacoviello L, Zedde M, Marcheselli S, Silvestrelli G, DeLodovici ML, Sessa M, Zini A, Paciaroni M, Azzini C, Gamba M, Del Sette M, Toriello A, Gandolfo C, Bonifati DM, Tassi R, Cavallini A, Chiti A, Calabrò RS, Grillo F, Bovi P, Tomelleri G, Di Castelnuovo A, Ritelli M, Agnelli G, De Vito A, Pugliese N, Martini G, Lodigiani C, Morotti A, Poli L, De Giuli V, Caria F, Cornali C, de Gaetano G, Colombi M, Padovani A, Pezzini A. Alcohol intake and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly: The MUCH-Italy. Neurology 2018; 91:e227-e235. [PMID: 29898970 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of alcohol as a causal factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and whether its effects might vary according to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral bleeding. METHODS We performed a case-control analysis, comparing a cohort of consecutive white patients with ICH aged 55 years and older with a group of age- and sex-matched stroke-free controls, enrolled in the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) between 2002 and 2014. Participants were dichotomized into excessive drinkers (>45 g of alcohol) and light to moderate drinkers or nondrinkers. To isolate the unconfounded effect of alcohol on ICH, we used causal directed acyclic graphs and the back-door criterion to select a minimal sufficient adjustment set(s) of variables for multivariable analyses. Analyses were performed on the whole group as well as separately for lobar and deep ICH. RESULTS We analyzed 3,173 patients (1,471 lobar ICH and 1,702 deep ICH) and 3,155 controls. After adjusting for the preselected variables in the minimal sufficient adjustments, heavy alcohol intake was associated with deep ICH risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.09) as well as with the overall risk of ICH (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17-1.63), whereas no effect was found for lobar ICH (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77-1.32). CONCLUSIONS In white people aged 55 years and older, high alcohol intake might exert a causal effect on ICH, with a prominent role in the vascular pathologies underlying deep ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa DeLodovici
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Sessa
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Azzini
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gamba
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Sette
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Toriello
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Gandolfo
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Marco Bonifati
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cavallini
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiti
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovi
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tomelleri
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vito
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Pugliese
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martini
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Corrado Lodigiani
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Morotti
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Loris Poli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giuli
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Filomena Caria
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Cornali
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- From U.O. Neurologia (P.C.), Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali (A. Pezzini, L.P., V.D.G., F.C., A. Padovani), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia; Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento (M. Grassi), Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia; Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Molecolare e Nutrizionale (L.I., A.D.C., G.d.G.), Dipartimento di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED, Pozzilli; S.C. Neurologia (M.Z.), Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Neurologia d'Urgenza and Stroke Unit (S.M.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Stroke Unit (G.S.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Carlo Poma, Mantova; Unità di Neurologia (M.L.D.), Ospedale di Circolo, Università dell'Insubria, Varese; U.O. Neurologia (M.S.), Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona; Stroke Unit (A.Z.), Clinica Neurologica, Nuovo Ospedale Civile, "S. Agostino Estense," AUSL Modena; Stroke Unit and Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare (M.P., G.A.), Università di Perugia; Stroke Unit (C.A., A.D.V.), Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara; Stroke Unit (M. Gamba), Neurologia Vascolare, Spedali Civili di Brescia; Unità di Neurologia (M.D.S.), E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova; U.O.C. Neurologia (A.T., N.P.), A.O. Universitaria "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (C.G.), Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova; U.O. Neurologia (D.M.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera "Cà Foncello," Treviso; Stroke Unit (R.T., G.M.), AOU Senese, Siena; Stroke Unit (A. Cavallini, A.M.), IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino," Pavia; Neurologia (A. Chiti), Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (R.S.C.), Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze (F.G.), Scienze Psichiatriche e Anestesiologiche Clinica Neurologica, Università di Messina; USD Stroke Unit (P.B., G.T.), DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Centro Trombosi (C.L.), IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano-Milano; Divisione di Biologia e Genetica (M.R., M.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia; and Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche (C.C.), Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica, Clinica Neurochirurgica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
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La Spina P, Grillo F, Granata F, Casella C, Fazio MC, Colella M, Cotroneo M, Dell'Aera C, Ciacciarelli A, Vita G, Musolino R. Agenesis of the Internal Carotid Artery Associated with Generalized Epilepsy. J Clin Neurol 2018; 14:417-419. [PMID: 29856165 PMCID: PMC6032002 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolino La Spina
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Grillo
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine of Palermo, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Granata
- UOC Neuroradiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Carolina Fazio
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Margherita Colella
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Masina Cotroneo
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Aera
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Musolino
- UOSD Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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30
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Vellone VG, Spina B, Grillo F, Calamaro P, Sarocchi F, Sala P, Ferrero S, Fulcheri E. Mixed malignant mullerian tumor with neuroendocrine features in an irradiated uterus for cervical carcinoma. A unique association? A morphological, immunohistochemisty and ultrastructural study. Pathologica 2017; 109:392-397. [PMID: 29449731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-radiation represents an effective therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The endometrium may however receive a consistent dose of mutagenic radiations and patients may have an increased risk of secondary malignancies. Endometrial mixed malignant mullerian tumor (MMMT) is a rare, highly aggressive disease, and neuroendocrine features are even rarer. A 68 years old woman underwent radio-chemotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Follow up was uneventful until, eight years after radio-chemotherapy, imaging exams detected a diffuse enlargement of the uterine body. Radical hysterectomy revealed a multiphasic lesion with both sarcomatous and mixed carcinomatous components. The carcinomatous, component presented neuroendocrine histologic and ultrastuctural features and an intense expression of neuroendocrine immunohistochemistry markers. No residual cervical carcinoma was documented (pR0). The patient died of disease after 9 months. Reported cases further demonstrate how the irradiation of the uterus for cervical cancer carries a not negligible risk of developing a second endometrial cancer. The second cancer may develop years after initial therapy and may have aggressive histologic and clinical features. This case underlines the importance for a long follow-up in women having received radio-chemotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Vellone
- Pathology, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa
- Pathology Academic Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - B Spina
- Pathology Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - F Grillo
- Pathology, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa
- Pathology Academic Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - P Calamaro
- Pathology, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa
| | - F Sarocchi
- Pathology, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa
| | - P Sala
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - S Ferrero
- Obsterics and Gynecology, Department of Neurosciences, Ophtalmology, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Genoa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Academic Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - E Fulcheri
- Pathology, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa
- Fetal and Perinatal Pathology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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31
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Albertelli M, Nazzari E, Sciallero S, Grillo F, Morbelli S, De Cian F, Cittadini G, Ambrosetti E, Ciarmiello A, Ferone D. Anti-tumoral effects of somatostatin analogs: a lesson from the CLARINET study. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1265-1269. [PMID: 28550464 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide and lanreotide, the first-generation somatostatin analogs, successfully control hormone hyperproduction, and related syndromes, in patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. However, their anti-tumor effect, rather evident in large number of pituitary adenomas in acromegalic patients, has been hypothesized for a long time in patients with neuroendocrine tumors as well, although a significant tumor shrinkage has rarely been observed. However, the recent publication of the CLARINET study has strengthened the evidence, already emerged with the PROMID trial, that the long-term treatment with the first-generation long-acting somatostatin analogs may exert an anti-tumor activity on G1 and G2 enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, as well. After the publication, majority of international guidelines have updated their algorithms in line with these results and this class of drugs obtained the indication as anti-tumor agents in the majority of patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albertelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Nazzari
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Sciallero
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Pathology unit, Department of Health Science (DiSSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Science (DiSSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - F De Cian
- Oncologic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Cittadini
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Ambrosetti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Ciarmiello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - D Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
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32
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Dello Russo A, Fassini GM, Conti S, Vettor G, Casella M, Tundo F, Roberto M, Grillo F, Alamanni F, Tondo C. Combined LASER and femoral approach to remove a previous failure of Riata lead extraction. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1459-1461. [PMID: 28878903 PMCID: PMC5582274 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transvenous extraction of Riata lead could be a challenging procedure due to insulation failure and conductor cables’ externalization through the eroded outer insulation. In this case, a complete lead extraction was achieved through a combined LASER and femoral approach because of the massive conductors’ externalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dello Russo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | | | - Sergio Conti
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Vettor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tundo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Maurizio Roberto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Grillo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Alamanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Center Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS Milan Italy
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33
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Bragoni A, Gambella A, Pigozzi S, Grigolini M, Fiocca R, Mastracci L, Grillo F. Quality control in diagnostic immunohistochemistry: integrated on-slide positive controls. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:569-573. [PMID: 28714056 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Standardization in immunohistochemistry is a priority in modern pathology and requires strict quality control. Cost containment has also become fundamental and auditing of all procedures must take into account both these principles. Positive controls must be routinely performed so that their positivity guarantees the appropriateness of the immunohistochemical procedure. The aim of this study is to develop a low cost (utilizing a punch biopsy-PB-tool) procedure to construct positive controls which can be integrated in the patient's tissue slide. Sixteen frequently used control blocks were selected and multiple cylindrical samples were obtained using a 5-mm diameter punch biopsy tool, separately re-embedding them in single blocks. For each diagnostic immunoreaction requiring a positive control, an integrated PB-control section (cut from the appropriate PB-control block) was added to the top right corner of the diagnostic slide before immunostaining. This integrated control technique permitted a saving of 4.75% in total direct lab costs and proved to be technically feasible and reliable. Our proposal is easy to perform and within the reach of all pathology labs, requires easily available tools, its application costs is less than using external paired controls and ensures that a specific control for each slide is always available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bragoni
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Gambella
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Pigozzi
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Grigolini
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Fiocca
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Mastracci
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. .,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - F Grillo
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Serafin V, Lissandron V, Buldini B, Bresolin S, Paganin M, Grillo F, Andriano N, Palmi C, Cazzaniga G, Marmiroli S, Conter V, Basso G, Accordi B. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals hyperactivation of mTOR/STAT3 and LCK/Calcineurin axes in pediatric early T-cell precursor ALL. Leukemia 2017; 31:1007-1011. [PMID: 28082737 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Serafin
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - V Lissandron
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - B Buldini
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Bresolin
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Paganin
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Andriano
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - C Palmi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - S Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - V Conter
- Center of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - G Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - B Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
ALD archetype and deviations from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Van Bui
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - F. Grillo
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - J. R. van Ommen
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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36
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Lamberti G, Rossi G, Grillo F, Spada F, Pusceddu S, Rinzivillo M, Massironi S, Tafuto S, Faggiano A, Antonuzzo L, Luppi G, Albertelli M, Fazio N, Vernieri C, Delle Fave G, Brighi N, Ferone D, Campana D. Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors: a large multicentre Italian series. Preliminary result. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw333.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Di Filippo C, Pellegrino F, Grillo F, Maj M. Investigation of the Endogenous Stress Response System in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:1-7. [PMID: 26287549 DOI: 10.1159/000437437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiophysiological and neuroendocrine studies suggest that the two components of the endogenous stress response system, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are dysregulated in patients with schizophrenia. However, cardiophysiological measures are influenced by several confounding factors and the secretion of α-amylase in saliva is believed to represent a more reliable index of SNS activity. Therefore, to characterize the functional status of the SNS and HPA axis in schizophrenia we explored the concomitant salivary secretion of cortisol and α-amylase. METHODS Saliva cortisol and α-amylase levels were measured after awakening in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 22 healthy subjects. RESULTS After awakening, saliva cortisol increased in a similar way in both patients and healthy controls, while saliva α-amylase concentrations showed a clear-cut decrease in healthy subjects but not in patients with schizophrenia. No significant correlation emerged between biochemical measures and patients' demographic or psychopathological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate normal activity of the HPA axis with an enhanced SNS tone, which suggests a functional dissociation of the two components of the endogenous stress response system in patients with chronic schizophrenia. The pathophysiological significance of such dysregulation needs further studies to be clarified.
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Grillo F, Garrido Torres JA, Treanor MJ, Larrea CR, Götze JP, Lacovig P, Früchtl HA, Schaub R, Richardson NV. Two-dimensional self-assembly of benzotriazole on an inert substrate. Nanoscale 2016; 8:9167-77. [PMID: 27074372 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-high vacuum (UHV) room temperature adsorption of benzotriazole (BTAH), a well-known corrosion inhibitor for copper, has been investigated on the pristine Au(111) surface using a combination of surface sensitive techniques. The dimensionality of the molecule is reduced from the 3D crystal structure to a 2-dimensional surface confinement, which induces the formation of hydrogen bonded 1-dimensional molecular chains consisting of alternating pro-S and pro-R enantiomers mainly. The 0-dimensional system is characteristic of gas-phase BTAH, which undergoes a tautomeric equilibrium, with consequences for the resulting adsorbed species. The balance between hydrogen bonding, inter-chain van der Waals interactions and surface-molecule interactions, and the correlation with the dimensionality of the system, are discussed in light of the experimental results and a computational description of the observed features.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grillo
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - J A Garrido Torres
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - M-J Treanor
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - C R Larrea
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - J P Götze
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - P Lacovig
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H A Früchtl
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - R Schaub
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - N V Richardson
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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Plaz Torres MC, Romana C, Coppo C, Zentilin P, Grillo F, Savarino V, Giannini EG. Education and Imaging. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: A rare cause of portal hypertension. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:11. [PMID: 26177884 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Romana
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Coppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Zentilin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - E G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Pacella E, Grillo F, Lapetina C, Cabiddu F, Auriati L, Tunesi G, Mastracci L. Segmental infarction of the testis: can frozen sections avoid orchidectomy? Pathologica 2015; 107:22-23. [PMID: 26591628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Segmental infarction (SI) of the testis is a rare condition that can masquerade as a mass lesion, thus requiring exclusion of tumour. If clinical exams do not exclude a neoplastic lesion with certainty, orchidectomy is usually performed. A case of SI of the testis is presented; the use of frozen section of the enucleated mass demonstrated the ischaemic nature of the lesion, so avoiding orchidectomy. The 8 year follow-up was uneventful. The use of frozen section in SI could permit the selection of cases in which testicular-sparing surgery should be considered.
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Martin-Fernandez J, Grillo F, Chauvin P. Statut socioéconomique, origine et insécurité alimentaire sont associés à la prise de poids : une analyse longitudinale des données de la cohorte SIRS 2005–2010. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Martin-Fernandez J, Grillo F, Caillavet F, Chauvin P. Les déterminants individuels de l’insécurité alimentaire dans l’agglomération parisienne en 2010. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Grillo F, Martin J, Lhuissier A, Siriwardana MG, Chauvin P. P1-167 Individual and territorial disparities in the knowledge and practices of the french national nutritional guideline << fruits and vegetables: at least five every day >> in Paris metropolitan area. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976d.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Martin-Fernandez J, Grillo F, Caillavet F, Chauvin P. P2-524 Food insecurity in the Paris metropolitan area. An analysis of the SIRS cohort in 2010. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976m.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martin-Fernandez J, Cadot E, Grillo F, Chauvin P. P1-231 Food insecurity is associated with overweight in Paris metropolitan area. An analysis of the SIRS cohort in 2010. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976e.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wilson KE, Früchtl HA, Grillo F, Baddeley CJ. (S)-Lysine adsorption induces the formation of gold nanofingers on Au{111}. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10365-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grillo F, Martin J, Cadot E, Chauvin P. Histoire migratoire et obésité : lien entre origine des parents, proportion de vie passée en France et surpoids et obésité dans l’agglomération parisienne. Une analyse de la cohorte SIRS, 2005. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Cross TJS, Calvaruso V, Foxton MR, Manousou P, Quaglia A, Grillo F, Dhillon AP, Nolan J, Chang TP, O'Grady J, Heneghan MA, O'Beirne JP, Burroughs AK, Harrison PM. A simple, noninvasive test for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. J Viral Hepat 2010; 17:640-9. [PMID: 19922441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent hepatitis C is a common cause of graft loss in patients undergoing liver transplantation, and serial protocol liver biopsies have been used to identify patients at risk of graft loss from rapid fibrosis progression. The aim of this study was to derive a simple noninvasive index to predict fibrosis in patients with recurrent hepatitis C post-transplant. A retrospective study was performed assessing serial liver biopsies for post-transplant chronic hepatitis C infection. One hundred eighty-five patients were included in the analysis; median age 53 years (interquartile range 48-59) and 140 (76%) were male. Liver histology showed 53 (29%) had Ishak fibrosis stages F0/F1, 31 (17%) had F2, 29 (16%) had F3, 19 (10%) had F4 and 53 (29%) had F5/F6. The London Transplant Centres' (LTC) score was derived combining aspartate aminotransferase (AST IU/L), time from liver transplant (TFLT months), international normalized ratio and platelets. Diagnostic accuracy of the LTC score was assessed using area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve for moderate fibrosis (F >or= 2) was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70-0.86; P < 0.0001), for advanced fibrosis (F4-6) was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.87; P < 0.0001) and for cirrhosis was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.88; P < 0.0001). An optimal cut-off value of 6.3 distinguished patients with no or mild fibrosis (F <or= 1) odds ratio 10.8 (95% CI, 5.1-22.9); P < 0.0001), sensitivity 88%, specificity 60%, negative predictive value 67% and positive predictive value 84%. The LTC score can identify patients with Hepatitis C virus recurrence following liver transplant with a low risk of significant fibrosis, thus avoiding the need for protocol biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J S Cross
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Cross TJS, Calvaruso V, Maimone S, Carey I, Chang TP, Pleguezuelo M, Manousou P, Quaglia A, Grillo F, Dhillon AP, Dusheiko GM, Burroughs AK, Harrison PM. Prospective comparison of Fibroscan, King's score and liver biopsy for the assessment of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C infection. J Viral Hepat 2010; 17:546-54. [PMID: 19874477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historically, liver biopsy (LB) was the sole method to evaluate the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. However, LB is expensive and associated with a risk of severe complications. Therefore, noninvasive tests have been developed to assess the severity of liver fibrosis. The accuracy of Fibroscan (FS) and King's score (KS) was evaluated individually and in combination using liver histology as the reference standard. One hundred and eighty-seven patients were identified who had undergone a biopsy with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection (HCV RNA-positive by RT-PCR), attending King's College Hospital (n = 88) or the Royal Free Hospital (n = 99) (London) between May 2006 and December 2007. Liver fibrosis was scored using the Ishak method; significant fibrosis was defined as Ishak fibrosis stage F3-F6, and cirrhosis defined as Ishak fibrosis F5-F6. The diagnostic accuracy of each test was assessed by area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC). Median age was 49 years (43-54) and 115 (61%) were male. The AUROC for FS, KS and FS + KS for the diagnosis of Ishak F3-F6 were 0.83, 0.82 and 0.85, respectively and for the diagnosis of cirrhosis (>or=F5) were 0.96, 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The negative predictive values for the diagnosis of cirrhosis using the optimal cut-off results for fibrsocan (10.05 kPa), KS (24.3) and the two combined (26.1) were 98%, 91% and 94%, respectively. The noninvasive markers and, particularly, FS were effective tests for the prediction of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Both KS and FS also had clinical utility for the prediction of Ishak fibrosis stages F3-F6.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J S Cross
- Hepatology Department, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
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Iannacci F, Cornford T, Cordella A, Grillo F. Evaluating monitoring systems in the European social fund context: a sociotechnical approach. Eval Rev 2009; 33:419-445. [PMID: 19506296 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x09336262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the prevailing image of monitoring systems as technical systems, it is proposed that they should rather be conceived of as social endeavors at exchanging information. Drawing on the monitoring and evaluation framework of Cornford, Doukidis, and Forster, the concept of information agreement is suggested as a way of assessing the quality of monitoring systems in context. Preliminary implications are discussed with regard to the quality of information, the information agreement being conceptualized as a tacit, and/or explicit agreement between and among participating government partners about the quality of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Iannacci
- Management & Information Technology, University of Wales, Lampeter, London School of Economics.
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