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Leung JS, Cordano VP, Fuentes-López E, Lagos AE, García-Huidobro FG, Aliaga R, Díaz LA, García-Salum T, Salinas E, Toro A, Callejas CA, Riquelme A, Palmer JN, Medina RA, González G C. Phantosmia May Predict Long-Term Measurable Olfactory Dysfunction After COVID-19. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2445-2452. [PMID: 36149773 PMCID: PMC9538510 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) after 6 months caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been reported with a variable prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long‐term OD and identify predisposing factors. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 adults with COVID‐19. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and a symptom survey at the onset of disease and 30 days later. Patients with persistent quantitative OD at the second assessment were reevaluated after 1 year. Demographic variables, symptoms, and the degree of smell loss were analyzed. Results Participants included 100 patients. The mean age was 42.2 ± 15.6 years, 55 (55%) were female, and 56 (56%) were outpatients. Baseline smell loss was identified in 75/100 (75%) patients, decreasing to 39/95 (40%) after 1 month, and persisting in 29 patients after 1 year. Phantosmia at baseline was the only risk factor identified for persistent OD after 1 year (relative risk 2.51; 95% confidence interval 1.53–4.12; p < 0.001). Regardless of the outcome in smell function, a significant decline in olfaction was associated with the presence of phantosmia at 1 month (β = −12.39; 95% CI −19.82 to −4.95; p < 0.01). Conclusions SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019–2020 variants) produced a highly frequent OD that persisted in 29% of the patients after 1 year. The presence of phantosmia at baseline and 1 month was associated with a worse evolution, but phantosmia may interfere with the performance in an identification smell test. A longer follow‐up is required in these patients. Level of Evidence 2 Laryngoscope, 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sen Leung
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Paz Cordano
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-López
- Carrera de Fonoaudiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Elisa Lagos
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Aliaga
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara García-Salum
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Salinas
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Toro
- Pediatric Service, Clínica UC San Carlos, Red Salud UC-Christus, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Andrés Callejas
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Carrera de Fonoaudiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Gastroenterología, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James N Palmer
- Rhinology Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Rafael A Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Claudia González G
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Register (AIRR) - COVID-19 Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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González C, García-Huidobro FG, Lagos AE, Aliaga R, Fuentes-López E, Díaz LA, García-Salum T, Salinas E, Toro A, Callejas CA, Riquelme A, Medina RA, Palmer JN. Prospective assessment of smell and taste impairment in a South-American coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort: Association with the need for hospitalization and reversibility of dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1273-1277. [PMID: 33848404 PMCID: PMC8251360 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia González
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Antonia Elisa Lagos
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Aliaga
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-López
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara García-Salum
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Salinas
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Toro
- Pediatric Service, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Universidad Católica San Carlos, Red Salud Universidad Católica Christus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Andrés Callejas
- Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Medina
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Rhinology Division, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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