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Chiang MH, Huang YY, Kuo YJ, Huang SW, Jang YC, Chu FL, Chen YP. Prognostic Factors for Mortality, Activity of Daily Living, and Quality of Life in Taiwanese Older Patients within 1 Year Following Hip Fracture Surgery. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010102. [PMID: 35055417 PMCID: PMC8778381 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hip fractures among older adults are a major public health concern worldwide. This study investigated the potential clinical factors that predict postoperative 1-year activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL), and mortality in Taiwanese older adults following hip fracture. Methods. This is a prospective cohort study enrolling older adults (≥60 years) who had undergone hip fracture surgery in a single medical center. The comprehensive clinical history of each patient was examined. QoL, ADL, and mortality events were recorded consecutively at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation. The multiple logistic regression model and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) were adopted to identify contributing factors for mortality and postoperative ADL and QoL prognosis, respectively. Results. Among 377 participants with hip fracture, 48 died within 1 year of the index operation. ADL and QoL considerably decreased at 3 months following hip surgery. Old age, high Charlson Comorbidity Index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grading were crucial predictors for mortality at the 1-year follow-up. The generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that the length of postoperative follow-up time, serum albumin level, patient cognitive status, and handgrip strength were considerably associated with QoL and ADL recovery prognosis in the Taiwanese older adults following hip fracture. Conclusions. Hip fractures have long-lasting effects on the older adults. Our data imply several prognosis predicting parameters that may assist clinicians in accounting for an individual’s personalized risks in order to improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiu Chiang
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yun Huang
- Department of Nursing & Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-W.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-W.H.)
| | - Yeu-Chai Jang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Ling Chu
- Department of Nursing & Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (F.-L.C.); (Y.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-03-2118999 (F.-L.C.); Fax: +886-03-2118866 (F.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-W.H.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-L.C.); (Y.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-03-2118999 (F.-L.C.); Fax: +886-03-2118866 (F.-L.C.)
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Chuang YC, Huang L, Lee WY, Shaw SW, Chu FL, Hung TH. The association between weight gain at different stages of pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:359-366. [PMID: 34415679 PMCID: PMC8847131 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Women with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are at a higher risk for complications during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. However, the association between excessive GWG and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 8,352 women from our obstetric database with singleton pregnancies who gave birth after 28 completed weeks of gestation between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, excluding pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies, fetal death, and overt diabetes. Diagnosis of GDM was based on the criteria recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. We used two classification methods to define excessive GWG: a weight gain above the 90th percentile of the population, or exceeding the upper range recommended by the Institute of Medicine, stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression to determine the association between excessive GWG and the risk of GDM. RESULTS Overall, 1,129 women (13.5%) were diagnosed with GDM. There was no difference in GWG between women with and without GDM in the first trimester and before GDM screening. Women with GDM had significantly less GWG in the second trimester, after GDM screening, and throughout the whole gestation than women without GDM. No correlation was found between excessive GWG in the first and second trimesters, before GDM screening, and the later development of GDM. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that excessive GWG prior to GDM screening is not associated with an increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Lulu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ying Lee
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Steven W Shaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ling Chu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chu FL, Jeng C. Lowered obesity indicator cutoff points more effectively predict 5-year incidence of hypertension in premenopausal women. Int J Qual Health Care 2019; 31:365-370. [PMID: 30165634 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare proposed new cutoff points for four obesity indicators-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI)-with their current cutoff points to determine which are better standards predicting 5-year incidence of hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) among premenopausal women. DESIGN Data were obtained from the 2002 and 2007 Survey on the Prevalence of HT, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. Premenopausal women were grouped based on the proposed cutoff points versus reference cutoff points for obesity indicators. PARTICIPANT A total of 1466 premenopausal women aged between 20 and 57 years old were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Five-year incidence of HT and DM. RESULTS Our new obesity indicator cutoff points-WHtR 0.49, WC 74.7 cm, WHR 0.79 and BMI 22.3 kg/m2-were better predictors for 5-year HT incidence in premenopausal women compared with those of current standards, but were not significantly different for DM. Among the four obesity indicators, WHtR and WC were optimal for their 5-year predictive ability for HT and DM in premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS To avoid too many cutoff points for practitioners to adopt and memorize, the proposed new cutoff points were recommended preferentially to prevent the incidence of HT and DM in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chii Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Chu FL, Hsu CH, Jeng C. Lowered cutoff points of obesity indicators are better predictors of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in premenopausal Taiwanese women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 9:328-35. [PMID: 25154649 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In previous study, we found that in order to prevent MS in women aged <65 years, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be lowered. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether our proposed cutoff points of obesity indicators predict the occurrence of hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women with greater sensitivity and specificity compared to reference cutoff points of obesity that are currently being used. METHODS Using the database of the "2002 Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan" provided by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Taiwan as research material, data from 2270 premenopausal women aged 20-65 years were used for the analyses. The receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) of the body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to predict HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia. RESULTS Obesity is not a good predictor of the occurrence of hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women aged <65 years. However, our proposed cutoff points had greater sensitivity and specificity than did the reference cutoff points. To prevent the risk of HT and DM in premenopausal women, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be reduced. The proposed values are as follows: a WHR of 0.79; a WC of 74.7 cm; a WHtR of 0.49; and a BMI of 22.3 kg/m(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chu
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huei Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yaylayan VA, Haffenden L, Chu FL, Wnorowski A. Oxidative Pyrolysis and Postpyrolytic Derivatization Techniques for the Total Analysis of Maillard Model Systems: Investigation of Control Parameters of Maillard Reaction Pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1043:41-54. [PMID: 16037220 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1333.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Factors that regulate various pathways of Maillard reaction leading to aroma, color, or carcinogen generation have not been identified, due to the difficulties associated with analyzing complex reaction mixtures. In particular, the role played by oxidation in directing aromagenic, chromogenic, or carcinogenic pathways is not well understood. In order to overcome the analytical difficulties, novel Py-GC/MS-based methodologies were developed to analyze volatile and nonvolatile residues of Maillard reaction products generated from the same model system under air or helium atmosphere. The analysis of nonvolatiles was achieved through a postpyrolytic in situ derivatization technique using hexamethyldisilazane, and pyrolysis under air was achieved through modification of the GC equipped with sample concentration trap to allow gas stream switching and subsequent isolation of the pyrolysis chamber from the analytical stream. In this approach label incorporation from the starting materials can be observed in both volatile and nonoxidative conditions for mechanistic studies. In addition, monitoring of redox potentials, oxygen consumption, and color generation of relevant model systems over time were also carried out at different temperatures. The data collected have indicated that perturbation in the redox potential of Maillard model systems by external (oxidizing conditions) or internal (formation of reductones) factors can alter the balance among the four critically important groups of precursors: alpha-dicarbonyl, alpha-hydroxycarbonyl, 2-aminocarbonyls, and 2-(amino acid)-carbonyl compounds and hence control the relative importance of aromagenic versus chromogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21-111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada, H9X 3V9.
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Wang FS, Chu FL, Jin L, Li YG, Zhang Z, Xu D, Shi M, Wu H, Moulds JM. Acquired but reversible loss of erythrocyte complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) and its longitudinal alteration in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:112-9. [PMID: 15606620 PMCID: PMC1809271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigates the change of erythrocyte complement receptor (E-CR1) expression in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Circulating E-CR1 expression was semiquantified by flow cytometric analyses in 54 SARS patients and in 212 healthy individuals as a control. Since E-CR1 expression is influenced by the genetic polymorphisms in the CR1 gene, a major genetic polymorphism located within intron 27 of the CR1 gene was simultaneously analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that the expression level of E-CR1 (referred to as net fluorescence intensity values, NFI) was statistically correlated with the relevant genetic genotypes among the Chinese population including the healthy individuals (NFI: 5·14 ± 0·82, 3·57 ± 0·66 and 2·67 ± 0·32 for HH, HL and LL genotypes, respectively) and SARS patients (NFI: 3·52 ± 0·91 and 2·63 ± 0·70 for HH and HL genotypes, respectively). Interestingly, the expression density of E-CR1 was found to fall significantly during the initiation and progressive phases (weeks 1 and 2 after the disease onset) and gradually returned close to normal through their whole convalescent phase (beginning from weeks 2 or 3 to weeks 7 or 8) in SARS patients irrespective CR1 genotype. In conclusion, our findings, at least, suggest that E-CR1 is likely involved in immune pathogenesis of SARS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Wang
- Research Centre of Biological Therapy, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
AIM To explore the experiences of exercise among Taiwanese heart transplant patients on the basis of a grounded theory. BACKGROUND Although studies conducted around the world have proven how important exercise is to heart transplant patients, little information was found about heart transplant patients' exercise experience. In addition, because of different cultural backgrounds, people in Taiwan do not care about 'regular exercise' as much as Americans and Europeans do. Therefore, it is very important to find ways so that they can value 'regular exercise.' METHODS In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of eight heart transplant patients. Data was analysed by repeated verification. RESULTS Eight valid cases were separately and thoroughly interviewed while they were exercising at a sports medical centre. The results revealed that 'empowering the new heart' is the core reason for their exercise. During the exercise training process, every participant felt that his or her new heart was filled with power or energy. The 'hardness and endurance' in terms of feeling discomfort in the body was identified at the beginning of post-surgical exercise training. Throughout the process of empowerment, patients experienced the following five interactive behaviour categories: 'self-protection', 'sharing', 'being watched and cared for', 'being aware of the benefits', and 'strengthening the new heart'. CONCLUSIONS Exercise can empower the new heart. After the exercise training, all patients felt that their new hearts were empowered with energy and vigour, and thus were willing to continue exercising. They even expanded their regimen to include folk therapies such as Tai Chi and breathing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii Jeng
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The meront stage of the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, cultivated in two media with different fatty acid profiles was analyzed for its fatty acid and lipid class composition. The composition of fatty acids in the prezoosporangium stage of the parasite as well as that of the host oyster were investigated. Although the lipid class composition of meronts was dominated by phospholipids and triacylglycerol, there was no triaclgycerol detected in either culture medium. Despite the difference in fatty acid composition of the two media, the fatty acid composition of meronts in each medium was dominated by 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20: (n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6), a profile that differed from its host. The quantities of total lipids and fatty acids in meronts increased as the number of meronts increased and far exceeded the initial amounts in the media and in the initial cell inoculum. The meronts harvested 25 d post-inoculation, had about 3 to 6 times higher total lipids and 4 to 13 times higher fatty acids than the amounts contained in the media. The fatty acid profiles of both prezoosporangia and oysters resembled each other and consisted primarily of 16:0, 20:4(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:2delta7,15, and 22:6(n-3). These results indicate that during meront proliferation, the parasite synthesizes certain fatty acids and lipid classes. For development from meront to prezoosporangium, the parasite may rely on its host for lipid resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soudant
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Virginia 23062, USA
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Soudant P, Chu FL, Marty Y. Lipid class composition of the protozoan Perkinsus marinus, an oyster parasite, and its metabolism of a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog. Lipids 2000; 35:1387-95. [PMID: 11202001 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Perkinsus marinus is one of two important protozoan parasites of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The other is Haplosporidium nelsoni. Lipids extracted from 7-d-old in vitro cultured P. marinus meronts, incubated with fluorescent-labeled phosphatidylcholine (FL PC) and nonincubated P. marinus meronts, were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a diol phase column, in combination with thin-layer chromatography coupled with a flame-ionization detector (TLC/FID), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Various polar and neutral lipid classes were separated by HPLC using a two-gradient solvent system. Five polar lipid classes--phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cardiolipin (CL), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylserine (PS)--were identified from P. marinus extracts. Four neutral lipid classes--triacylglycerol (TAG), steryl ester (SE), cholesterol (CHO), and fatty alcohol--were distinguished. TLC/FID analysis of meront lipids showed that the weight percentages of PC, PE, CL, SM, PS/PI, TAG, SE, and CHO were 21, 10.7, 4, 2.3, 4.3, 48.7, 7.8, and 1.2%, respectively. HPLC and HPTLC analyses revealed the presence of two SM and PS isomers in P. marinus extracts. Perkinsus marinus effectively incorporated FL PC acquired from the medium and metabolized it to various components (i.e., free fatty acid, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, TAG, PE, and CL). Uptake and interconversion of FL PC in P. marinus meronts increased with time. After 48 h the total uptake of fluorescence (FL) was 28.9% of the FL PC added to the medium, and 43% of the incorporated FL resided in TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soudant
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point 23062, USA
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Cruz-Rodríguez LA, Baucum AJ, Soudant P, Chu FL, Hale RC. Effects of PCBs sorbed to algal paste and sediments on the stress protein response (HSP70 family) in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Mar Environ Res 2000; 50:341-345. [PMID: 11460715 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the stress protein response (HSP70 family) of reproductively inactive oysters fed 0.7 g algal paste containing 0, 0.35 and 3.5 micrograms polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) daily. A second set of treatment groups investigated the combined effect of PCBs and sediments (0.3 g sediments daily per oyster) on HSP70 response. After 8 weeks of PCB exposure, oyster tissues (mantle and gill) were sampled and analyzed for HSP70. Preliminary results did not show a significant effect in HSP70 response in oysters fed PCB sorbed to algal paste, albeit PCBs accumulated up to 1342 ng/g dry weight in the mantle, and up to 180 ng/g dry weight in gill tissues. However, the addition of sediments caused a significant increase in HSP70 levels of gills and mantle, although the mantle was less sensitive to the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Cruz-Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Marine Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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Abstract
Recent declines in Chesapeake Bay oyster populations have been attributed to disease, and reduced water quality from pollution. The stress associated with pollutant exposure may reduce energy available for growth and reproduction. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic contaminants that may potentially affect mobilization of lipid reserves, increasing reliance on glycogen stores, which could otherwise be utilized to supply energy for gametogenesis. Thus, PCBs may indirectly affect glycogen stores in oysters in a deleterious manner. To test for this effect, reproductively inactive oysters were exposed to PCBs by feeding individuals 0.7 g of algal paste containing 0, 0.35, or 3.5 micrograms PCBs daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, a group of oysters was exposed to PCBs (0, 0.35, and 3.5 micrograms) plus 0.3 g of non-toxic artificial sediment to examine interactive effects of sediment particles and PCBs. Adductor muscle, mantle, and gonadal tissues were analyzed for glycogen content. Results suggest that glycogen content is reduced in the adductor muscle with increasing PCB exposure, but there are no effects of PCBs in the mantle and gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Encomio
- Department of Environmental Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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Chu FL, Soudant P, Cruz-Rodríguez LA, Hale RC. PCB uptake and accumulation by oysters (Crassostrea virginica) exposed via a contaminated algal diet. Mar Environ Res 2000; 50:217-221. [PMID: 11460693 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reproductively active oysters were fed daily with 0.2 g algal paste containing 0, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (1:1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260) for either 15 or 30 days, and accumulation of PCBs in different organ tissues and eggs assessed. The effects of PCB exposure on lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition were also evaluated. PCBs were accumulated by the oysters and transferred to the eggs. PCB accumulation in oysters was dose, time and tissue dependent. Mean PCB contents were 3150, 1970, and 250 ng/g dry wt., respectively, in the visceral mass, gills + mantle and muscle of oysters fed algal paste containing 1.0 microgram PCBs for 30 days. The PCBs in the eggs from the same oysters reached 671 ng PCBs/g dry wt. Feeding oysters with PCB-sorbed algal paste for 30 days significantly increased phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in gills + mantle tissue compared to the same tissues in the undosed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
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Cavić BA, Chu FL, Furtado LM, Ghafouri S, Hayward GL, Mack DP, McGovern ME, Su H, Thompson M. Acoustic waves and the real-time study of biochemical macromolecules at the liquid/solid interface. Faraday Discuss 1998:159-76. [PMID: 9569775 DOI: 10.1039/a703162i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of the proteins, bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen, avidin and neutravidin (non-glycosylated form of avidin) to a variety of surfaces imposed on thickness shear mode sensors in examined in a flow-injection analysis format. In all cases, adsorption of these moieties was essentially irreversible, although the magnitude of adsorption was dependent on surface free energy and functional group chemistry. Also described is the direct, real-time detection of the binding of peptides to HIV-1 TAR RNA bound on a thickness-shear mode (TSM) sensor surface. The results clearly indicate that responses are discriminatory for two different peptides. In order to provide a theoretical backcloth for the experimental measurements, a new model for the operation of the TSM in liquids is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cavić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Volety AK, Chu FL. Acid phosphatase activity in Perkinsus marinus, the protistan parasite of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Parasitol 1997; 83:1093-8. [PMID: 9406785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature (4, 12, 20, and 28 C) and osmolality (400, 570, and 840 mOsm/kg) on extracellular acid phosphatase (AP) secretion in vitro, and ultrastructural localization of AP activity in the parasite were investigated. The extracellular AP secretion by Perkinsus marinus was cell density dependent (P < 0.001). Increasing culture temperatures resulted in increased P. marinus proliferation concomitant with AP secretion (P < 0.0001). AP secretion was similar in P. marinus cultured at 400 and 570 mOsm/kg media, but higher than P. marinus cultured at 870 mOsm/kg media. Results of the ultrastructural study revealed that intense AP activity was in the nucleus of the parasite. Based on its distribution in the nucleus, AP may be playing a role in events leading to cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Volety
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point 23062, USA
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La Peyre JF, Chu FL, Vogelbein WK. In vitro interaction of Perkinsus marinus merozoites with eastern and Pacific oyster hemocytes. Dev Comp Immunol 1995; 19:291-304. [PMID: 8617400 DOI: 10.1016/0145-305x(95)00017-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study compared hemocyte responses of eastern and Pacific oysters to Perkinsus marinus, in vitro. Except for the percentage of hemocytes associated with P. marinus there was little or no significant difference between eastern and Pacific oysters with regard to their hemocytic response to P. marinus. In phagocytosis assays, merozoites were bound to all hemocyte types but in unequal proportions, unlike zymosan which was found predominantly associated with granulocytes. The number of merozoites enlarging in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium after incubation with hemocytes in plasma for one day was significantly lower than after incubation in plasma alone in both oyster species. Electron microscopy or merozoites indicated that the parasites were rapidly phagocytosed and that some of the merozoites showed signs of degeneration in less than 12 h. The results suggest that limited intracellular killing of P. marinus had occurred, but was probably not mediated by oxygen metabolites, since no increase in chemiluminescence was observed when hemocytes of either eastern or Pacific oysters were exposed to merozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F La Peyre
- School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point 23062, USA
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Volety AK, Chu FL. Suppression of chemiluminescence of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) hemocytes by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Dev Comp Immunol 1995; 19:135-142. [PMID: 7556800 DOI: 10.1016/0145-305x(94)00059-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of the protistan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, to inhibit chemiluminescence of hemocytes from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) was used to measure the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generated by oyster hemocytes using zymosan as a stimulant. To determine whether P. marinus suppresses ROI evoked from zymosan-stimulated hemocytes, live or heat killed P. marinus in filtered estuarine water (YRW) (salinity = 20 ppt) were added to (1) zymosan-stimulated hemocytes after CL reached its peak, or (2) hemocytes at the same time as zymosan, and reduction of CL responses were recorded. In both tests, controls received only estuarine water. Live P. marinus meronts significantly suppressed ROI production by zymosan-stimulated hemocytes. The suppression of ROI production was dose dependent. Suppression of ROI production from zymosan-stimulated hemocytes by heat killed P. marinus was significantly less than by live P. marinus. Similarly, CL of hemocytes was reduced, though not significantly when hemocytes were exposed to YRW preincubated with P. marinus. When P. marinus meronts were used as a stimulant, no CL response was elicited. Results of this study suggest that P. marinus cells are able to suppress ROI release from oyster hemocytes, thus evading this component of the host's defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Volety
- School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point 23062, USA
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17
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Abstract
The sympathetic skin response (SSR) was measured in 35 normal healthy adults and in 40 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. When recording from the hand or the foot, the SSR latency was the same whether stimulating at the hand or the foot. This may suggest that the conduction velocity of afferent fibers is much faster than that of efferent fibers, so that the former do not contribute to the SSR latency. The SSR amplitudes were significantly reduced in diabetic patients (p < 0.001), but their latencies were normal as long as responses could be detected. It is possible that some surviving unmyelinated fibers and/or regenerated fibers take the responsibility for normal conduction. Another possible explanation is that the postganglionic unmyelinated fibers in polyneuropathy may represent themselves as 'all or none', i.e., either the fibers conduct with normal velocity or they do not conduct at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Tzeng
- Department of Neurology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few epidemiological studies concerning the incidence of stroke have been conducted in Taiwan. In an attempt to investigate this common disease, we studied the incidence of stroke in Taiwan in a prospective incidence study. METHODS A cohort of 8,562 stroke-free people were followed up for 4 years to observe new stroke occurrence. The methods of sampling the study population have been reported elsewhere. In addition to the help of local doctors, who reported the new stroke cases, we also sent public nurses to visit the study population annually to screen the new cases of stroke. RESULTS There were 104 (61 men and 43 women) first-ever stroke cases identified by a neurologist in a period between October 1, 1986 and December 31, 1990. The average annual incidence rate of first-ever stroke for people aged 36 years or older in this study was 330 per 100,000. Incidence rate was higher in eastern Taiwan and in rural communities. Percentages of the major types of stroke were as follows: cerebral infarction, 71%; cerebral hemorrhage, 22%; subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1%; and unclassified, 6%. The significant risk factors for stroke were hypertension and intake of food with a high sodium content. CONCLUSIONS The age-specific incidence rates in this study are higher than those reported from the United Kingdom and the United States. The rates are close to those in a report from Japan and a report from a city in mainland China at the same latitude. Cerebral hemorrhages are more common among people in Taiwan than among Occidental people.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Using benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) metabolism as a probe for chemical carcinogenesis, in vitro and in vivo effects of palm-oil carotenoid [beta-carotene (BC), alpha-carotene (AC), or canthaxanthin (CTX)] on BaP metabolism in the rat hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenase system were studied. Apparent Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for formation of the precursor carcinogen, 7,8-dihydrodiol BaP, were found to be 14.4 (BC), 1.74 (AC), and 0.7 (CTX) mumol/L. The order of anticarcinogenic strength established in this study was BC much greater than AC greater than CTX. Increased formation of the detoxification intermediate, 3-hydroxy BaP, with increased carotenoid concentration was observed. The order of detoxification strength was BC greater than AC = CTX. The presence of carotenoids in vivo inhibited BaP metabolism. Using 9,10-dihydrodiol BaP as an indicator for inhibition, the order of the antioxidative activity was palm oil (with carotenoids) greater than BC greater than CTX greater than palm oil (without carotenoids). BC and AC may selectively modify the rat-liver microsomal enzymes, thus providing a biochemical mechanism for the inhibitory effect of palm carotenoids on chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tan
- Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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Tzeng SS, Hu HH, Kao KP, Chu FL. Common carotid artery dissection diagnosed by ultrasonic image: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc 1990; 89:1093-5. [PMID: 1982680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery dissection is not uncommon and usually starts at the internal carotid artery. It rarely begins in the common carotid artery. It may cause symptoms of cerebral vascular insufficiency such as stroke and transient ischemic attacks. The case reported here is a 38-year-old man with an acute onset of left hemiparesis 2 hours after drinking three bottles of beer. Computed tomographic scan showed cerebral infarction in the territory of the right middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Ultrasonic imagings showed an intimal flap, starting at the bifurcation of the right common carotid artery, indicative of arterial dissection. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis and the arterial dissection appeared to extend into and terminate at the internal carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Tzeng
- Department of Neurology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Tzeng SS, Wu ZA, Chu FL. Proximal slowing of nerve conduction velocity in carpal tunnel syndrome. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1990; 45:186-90. [PMID: 2168263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Slowing of median nerve conduction velocity (NCV) over the forearm segment is often seen in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In order to evaluate the extent and significance of this retrograde slowing of NCV, we examined 132 CTS hands from 84 patients diagnosed by both clinical and electrophysiological findings and both hands of 50 normal subjects. The mean median motor NCV was relatively slow in the CTS group (55.8 +/- 4.4 m/s) as compared with normal subjects (60.0 +/- 3.4 m/s, p less than 0.001). Mean median motor NCV was slower in CTS with low median motor amplitudes (less than 6.0 mV), 50.9 +/- 5.7 vs 56.1 +/- 4.1 m/s, p less than 0.001; and absent median sensory responses, 51.8 +/- 5.3 vs 56.0 +/- 4.3 m/s, p less than 0.001. There were 14 CTS hands with abnormally slowed median motor NCV (less than 50 m/s). This group had significantly lower median sensory and motor amplitudes, and longer motor distal latencies and sensory wrist-palm conduction time as compared with CTS hands with normal median motor NCV (greater than 50 m/s), p less than 0.001 for each parameter. These findings indicate that the proximal median motor NCV is usually affected by the distal lesion of CTS. Furthermore, the motor nerve conduction velocity proximal to the wrist is reduced in proportion to the severity of the nerve lesion. Electromyographers should be aware of this phenomenon and avoid the error of lesion localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Tzeng
- Department of Neurology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, R.O.C
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Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of stroke in Taiwan in an epidemiologic study of stroke, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease that used a two-phase survey design. The study population was drawn by cluster sampling and consisted of both urban and rural communities from four regions of Taiwan. There were 8,705 people 36 years of age or older interviewed during the period of October 1 to December 31, 1986, and 143 cases of completed stroke were later identified by a neurologist. The point prevalence rate for people aged 36 or older in our study was 1,642/100,000 population (95% confidence interval 1,389-1,942/100,000). Prevalence rates differed significantly among the four study regions and between urban and rural communities; prevalence was greater in northern Taiwan and in urban communities. Percentages of the major types of stroke in 143 stroke survivors were as follows: cerebral infarction 67.1% (96 cases), cerebral hemorrhage 14.0% (20 cases), subarachnoid hemorrhage 4.2% (six cases), and unclassified 14.7% (21 cases). Of the stroke survivors, 67.1% were independent in activities of daily living, and 75.5% were independent in ambulation. Hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and a family history of stroke were significantly more common in stroke survivors than in strokefree individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hu HH, Chu FL, Shen WY, Luo CL, Lee LC, Chin IC. [A study of home health care for stroke patients in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1988; 42:455-62. [PMID: 3254734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
A total of 72 ocular bruits in 50 patients with symptoms of atherothrombotic ischemic cerebrovascular disease were studied with continuous-wave Doppler ultrasonography with spectrum analysis (Dopscan). Fourteen patients also had conventional angiography, and 14 had digital subtraction angiography. Ocular bruits by augmentation flow due to occlusion (seven bruits, 9.7%) or tight stenosis (17 bruits, 23.6%) of the contralateral internal carotid artery accounted for only 24 ocular bruits (33.3%). In contrast, siphon stenosis ipsilateral to the ocular bruit was a very common finding. All 14 patients studied with conventional angiography had variable degrees of siphon stenosis ipsilateral to the ocular bruits; there was one angiography failure. We conclude that siphon stenosis can cause ocular bruit alone or can act in combination with augmentation flow by contralateral carotid occlusion or tight stenosis. The difference in their relative occurrence in our patients compared with previous reports probably reflects racial differences in the distribution of stenotic or occluded lesions of the carotid artery between our patients and Caucasian patients. The ocular bruit was the only auscultatory finding in more than a quarter of our patients (14 of 50, 28%).
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- Department of Neurology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
A 43-year-old woman suffered from low back pain and bilateral footdrop. A cisternal myelogram unexpected revealed multiple filing defects in the spinal canal extending from the lower cervical region to the caudal equina. Diagnostic exploration revealed numerous cystic organisms adhering to the spinal cord and nerve roots. Histopathological examination showed these organisms to be proliferative sparganum cestode larvae. Although these cestode larval infections have been reported a dozen times in humans from various parts of the world, this is probably the first reported case of spinal cord infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Lo
- Department of Neurology, Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wu ZA, Tsai CP, Yang DA, Chu FL, Chang T. Electrophysiologic study and computerized tomography in diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1987; 39:119-25. [PMID: 2843264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Two young men had similar nonobstructive idiopathic pachymeningitis cervicalis hypertrophica, causing chronic (13 and 11 years respectively) C8-T1 radiculomyelopathy proved by surgical and pathological findings. The preoperative Queckenstedt tests and myelography showed no evidence of CSF obstruction. These unusual findings contrast with previous reports which all described complete or at least partial, block. The findings on metrizamide computed tomogram have not been described before. In the two patients it revealed diffuse cord atrophy from C7 to T2 and hemiatrophy with lateral beaking from C4 to C7. The patients benefited from multiple transverse durotomies. The main pathogenesis of the cord atrophy was the compromizing of feeding radicular arteries rather than direct compression.
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Yeh SH, Liu RS, Hu HH, Wong WJ, Lo YK, Lai ZY, Huang JC, Chang SL, Wang SJ, Chu FL. Brain SPECT imaging with 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in the early detection of cerebral infarction: comparison with transmission computed tomography. Nucl Med Commun 1986; 7:873-8. [PMID: 3494968 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-198612000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new cerebral blood flow agent, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO), was evaluated for early detection of acute cerebral infarction in conjunction with the transmission computed tomographic (CT) studies. The data from 22 cases were analysed. Results reveal that 99Tcm-HM-PAO enables the early detection of acute cerebral infarction prior to CT with rather proper depiction of the extent of physiological abnormality in the majority of patients. This promising result together with the lack of logistical problems will make 99Tcm-HM-PAO a useful and practical agent worldwide for diagnosing and managing acute cerebral infarction.
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Abstract
The rate of decline in the age-adjusted death rate from cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in Taiwan is not as rapid as in the United States and Japan, and the trends of CVD mortalities have not decreased steadily during the period 1972-1983. A low record of hypertension regulation (5.0%-12.7%), a high proportion (47.1%) of stroke due to cerebral hemorrhage (by clinical assessment), and a high fatality rate (40.1%) for cerebral hemorrhage may account partially for the slower declining rate. A geographic difference in the downward trend of CVD death rate was observed in this period. Districts remote from the major cities have had the lowest decline in CVD death rate.
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Abstract
Neurological examination of 28 patients, 4 years after serious poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated cooking oil, are compared with similar examinations of the same patients two years earlier (in 1980). Clinical peripheral sensory neuropathy was found in 54%, headache in 36% and dizziness in 46% of the patients; these findings did not differ (p greater than 0.1) from those in 1980. Although the mean blood polychlorinated biphenyl concentration (19.2 ppb) in the patients was lower (p less than 0.001) than that in 1980 (35.9 ppb), it was still higher than the normal value (less than 4 ppb). There was no difference in the blood polychlorinated biphenyl concentration of patients with neurological manifestation from those without. Although the mean motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) were still slower (p less than 0.06) than the mean normal NCV, the mean MNCV of tibial nerve and SNCV of sural nerve were improved (p less than 0.06) as compared with those in 1980. EEGs were normal except in two cases showing nonspecific slow wave changes. In addition, evoked potentials (somatosensory, visual and brain-stem auditory) were measured in this study and found to be normal in all 12 cases examined.
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Abstract
The effect of xanthine derivatives on the variation of surface charges of red blood cells has been investigated. Results of mobility curves showed that the derivatives increase the surface charges on the cells, whereas there is little effect on the surface charges of liposomes.
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