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Nakajima R, Hirobe D, Kawaguchi G, Nabei Y, Sato T, Narushima T, Okamoto H, Yamamoto HM. Giant spin polarization and a pair of antiparallel spins in a chiral superconductor. Nature 2023; 613:479-484. [PMID: 36653570 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecules can exhibit spin-selective charge emission, which is known as chirality-induced spin selectivity1,2. Despite the constituent light elements of the molecules, their spin polarization can approach or even exceed that of typical ferromagnets. This powerful capability may lead to applications in the chiral spintronics2 field. Although the origin of spin selectivity is elusive, two microscopic phenomena have been suggested based on experimental results: effective enhancement of spin-orbit interactions3 and chirality represented by a pair of oppositely polarized spins4,5. However, the hypotheses remain to be verified. Here we report the simultaneous observation of these two phenomena in an organic chiral superconductor by magnetoresistance measurements in the vicinity of the superconducting transition temperature. A pair of oppositely polarized spins is demonstrated by spatially mapping the spin polarity in an electric alternating current excitation. The obtained spin polarization exceeds that of the Edelstein effect6-10 by several orders of magnitude, which indicates an effective enhancement of the spin-orbit interaction. Our results demonstrate a solid-state analogue of spin accumulations assumed for chiral molecules, and may provide clues to the origin of their molecular counterparts. In addition, the innovative capability of spin-current sourcing will invigorate superconducting spintronics research11.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nakajima
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - D Hirobe
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. .,Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - G Kawaguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Y Nabei
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - T Narushima
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - H M Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
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2
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Kawaguchi G, Tanabe S, Utsunomiya S, Umetsu O, Sasage T, Kuwabara R, Kuribayashi T, Kamimura T, Satou Y, Takatou H, Aoyama H. Safe Distance Limit between the Target and Intestinal Tract in Real-Time Tracking Radiotherapy for Liver Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Tasaki M, Kasahara T, Kaidu M, Kawaguchi G, Hara N, Yamana K, Maruyama R, Takizawa I, Ishizaki F, Saito K, Nakagawa Y, Ikeda M, Umezu H, Nishiyama T, Aoyama H, Tomita Y. Low-Dose-Rate and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer in ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:774-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Kawaguchi G, Umetsu O, Tanabe S, Utsunomiya S, Sasage T, Kuwabara R, Kuribayashi T, Takatou H, Aoyama H. Image Verification Accuracy of a Novel Patient Positioning System with Four X-Ray Tubes and Flat Panel Detectors in First Clinical use of the World. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Tanabe S, Utsunomiya S, Umetsu O, Sasage T, Takatou H, Kunii M, Amaki A, Kawaguchi G, Aoyama H. Clinical Commissioning of a Novel Patient Positioning System with Four X-Ray Tubes and Flat Panel Detectors for Brain Stereotactic Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Liu J, Sasamoto R, Kaidu M, Ayukawa F, Yamana N, Tanaka K, Kawaguchi G, Ohta A, Maruyama K, Abe E, Saitou H, Nakano T, Aoyama H. High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in Which 2 Fractions Were Administered Within a Single Day Combined With External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Four-year Experience and Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Ohta A, Tanabe S, Utsunomiya S, Tanaka K, Sato H, Maruyama K, Kawaguchi G, Kaidu M, Sasamoto R, Aoyama H. Respiratory Gating Intermittent Radiation for Esophageal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Tanaka K, Kanemoto A, Ohta A, Sato H, Kawaguchi G, Kaidu M, Ayukawa F, Abe E, Matsumoto Y, Sugita T, Aoyama H. Assessment of Verbal Learning and Memory After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy With Different Dose Fractionation Using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: The Revised Japanese Version. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Kawaguchi G, Obinata M, Sasamoto R, Tanaka K, Sato H, Kanemoto A, Ayukawa F, Abe E, Kaidu M, Aoyama H. A New Choice of Treatments for Invasive Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Investigation of Efficacy of Prophylactic Chemoradiation Therapy After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Kawaguchi G, Ando T, Murota Y, Asano K. [A case report of Cabrol procedure with zero-porosity graft in a patient of annulo-aortic ectasia with severe aortic regurgitation]. Kyobu Geka 1995; 48:484-6. [PMID: 7602863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of annulo-aortic ectasia with severe aortic regurgitation. The aortogram revealed dilatation of the aortic root and severe aortic regurgitation. LVEDVI was 207 ml/m2 but the patient was asymptomatic. Aortic root reconstruction was performed with Cabrol procedure using zero-porosity graft. There was no evidence of bleeding due to this graft and the percent dilatation of this graft was 33%. This zero-porosity graft of knitted Dacron coated with gelatin seems to offer some advantages to the operation. The patient is in stable health today, but perioperative occurrence of VPCs may have owed to diminished LV function caused by severe aortic regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Japan
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11
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Nakajima J, Kawauchi M, Kawaguchi G, Takeda M, Matsumoto J, Furuse A. Characteristic findings of pulmonary arteriography in xenografted lung of the primates. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:310-2. [PMID: 7879016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Takiguchi M, Kawaguchi G, Sekimata M, Hiraiwa M, Kariyone A, Takamiya Y. The role of the conserved residue in pocket A and the polymorphic residue in pocket E of HLA-B*3501 in presentation of human minor histocompatibility peptides to T cells. Int Immunol 1994; 6:1345-52. [PMID: 7819142 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/6.9.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated T cell recognition for human minor histocompatibility (hmH) peptides using HLA-B*3501 restricted, hmH specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones. These CTL clones killed C1R cells expressing HLA-B*3501 but not C1R cells expressing chimeric antigens between HLA-B*3501 and HLA-B*5101. They also failed to kill C1R cells expressing HLA-B*3501 mutants at residue 152 (B*3501-V152E) or at residue 171 (B*3501-Y171H). The CTL clone failed to kill C1R cells expressing these mutant molecules loaded with the hmH peptides isolated from C1R-B*3501 cells although it killed a self-B cell line expressing HLA-B3501 loaded with the specific hmH peptides. The CTL clone also failed to kill T2 cells expressing the mutant molecules loaded with the specific peptides whereas it killed T2 cells expressing HLA-B*3501 loaded with the specific peptide. On the other hand, naturally occurring specific hmH peptides were isolated from purified B*3501-V152E and B*3501-Y171H molecules, indicating that both HLA-B*3501-V152E and HLA-B*3501-Y171H molecules can bind the hmH peptides. These findings indicate that both the conserved residue 171 in pocket A and the polymorphic residue 152 in pocket E are critical in recognition of the T cells but not binding of the hmH peptides. Furthermore, these results provide the possibility that the TCR recognizes a conformational structure of hmH peptides bound to HLA-B*3501 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takiguchi
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Naito M, Matsuda H, Okuno H, Kim H, Azuma M, Kashiwagi T, Mitsutani N, Koizumi T, Kawaguchi G, Kobayashi Y. Hepatitis B virus carrier with low titer of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatogastroenterology 1994; 41:235-8. [PMID: 7959545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Of 798 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, 22 had low titers (lower than 80% inhibition in 200- or 400-fold diluted serum) of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Among these 22 patients, there were 12 (1.50%) with viremia who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen and had a high titer of HBV-associated DNA polymerase activity. Among these 12 patients, four showed no significant change in the anti-HBc titer, while four others showed significant increases in the anti-HBc titer during the follow-up periods. The former all remained asymptomatic carriers (ASCs), while the latter all developed chronic hepatitis (CH). The liver histology of four patients (ASC: 2, CH: 2) showed mild inflammation, and the localization of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the liver specimens showed a nuclear pattern in the two ASCs, but a nuclear plus cytoplasmic pattern in the two CH cases. In HBV carriers, the increase in anti-HBc titer seems to be closely correlated to the change in HBcAg localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the liver. Therefore, rising titers of anti-HBc were assumed to be associated with increased expression of HBcAg on the hepatocyte, and hence increased immune-mediated hepatic damage and the onset of hepatitis in ASC with low titer of anti-HBc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naito
- Department of Medicine, Osaka Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Japan
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Nakayama S, Kawaguchi G, Karaki S, Nagao T, Uchida H, Kashiwase K, Akaza T, Nasuno T, Takiguchi M. Effect of single amino acid substitution at residue 167 of HLA-B51 on binding of antibodies and recognition of T cells. Hum Immunol 1994; 39:211-9. [PMID: 8026989 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that a single amino acid substitution of tryptophane into glycine at residue 167 facing the "A pocket" forms a novel HLA-B51 subtype, B*5103, which is serologically discriminated as HLA-BTA. CDC assay of human alloantisera specific for the HLA-B5 CREG against B*5103- or B*5101-transfected human B-cell line, Hmy2C1R (C1R), supported the belief that human alloantisera can discriminate B*5103 from B*5101 Ag. Moreover, we found that 4D12 anti-B5, B35 CREG mAb cannot bind to B*5103 Ag on C1R cells or L cells although it binds to B*5101 Ag on both cells. These results indicate that alloantibodies can detect a single amino acid substitution at residue 167. Furthermore, it was suggested that 4D12 mAb recognizes the structure formed by the HLA-peptide complex since this mAb did not bind to empty HLA-B5, B35 CREG Ag on RMA-S transfectants. Six of eight anti-HLA-B*5101 CTL clones are not able to kill C1R cells expressing B*5103, indicating that conformational change of the A pocket by substitution at residue 167 has a crucial influence on recognition of alloreactive T cells. Therefore, discrimination of B*5103 from B*5101 would seem to be important in bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakayama
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawaguchi
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Two genes encoding HLA-B60 or HLA-B61 were cloned from Japanese and the exons of their genes were sequenced. One silent mutation was observed at the exon 1 between HLA-B60 (B*40012) and B*40011. Seven nucleotide substitutions were seen at the exon 3 between HLA-B61 (B*4006) and B*4002. Three substitutions at codon 95, CTC in B*4002 to TGG in B*4006, changed Leu in B*4002 to Trp in B*4006, while two substitutions at codon 97, AGC in B*4002 and ACG in B*4006, changed Ser in B*4002 to Thr in B*4006. Since B*4002 shares the epitope of alloantibodies specific for HLA-B61, two HLA-B61 subtypes are discriminated by two amino acid substitutions at residues 95 and 97. B*40012 and B*4006 differ by four amino acid substitutions on the beta sheet and five amino acid substitutions on the alpha 2 helix. Since the residues at the beta sheet seem hardly to affect the binding of alloantibody, it is suspected that the residues on the alpha 2 helix provide epitopes for alloantibodies that discriminate allospecificity between HLA-B60 and HLA-B61.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawaguchi
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Kawaguchi G, Hildebrand WH, Hiraiwa M, Karaki S, Nagao T, Akiyama N, Uchida H, Kashiwase K, Akaza T, Williams RC. Two subtypes of HLA-B51 differing by substitution at position 171 of the alpha 2 helix. Immunogenetics 1992; 37:57-63. [PMID: 1428012 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Newly defined antigens of the B5, B35 cross-reacting group have been found in Japanese and North American Indians. Nucleotide sequencing of the alleles encoding the Japanese B5.35 antigen and the variant B5 antigen from the Piman Indians show them to be identical. This new allele, B*5102, differs from B*5101 by a single nucleotide substitution that changes residue 171 from histidine to tyrosine. Residue 171, which is part of the alpha 2 helix, is believed to contribute directly to peptide interaction in the A pocket of the binding groove and is either histidine or tyrosine in all HLA-A, B, C heavy chains. Tyrosine 171 is shared by B*5102, B*3501, B*3502, and B*5301 and must be responsible for the serological cross-reactivities of these molecules not shared with B*5101. Stimulation of lymphocytes from a B*5101 positive donor with B*5102 positive cells failed to generate cytotoxic T cells with specificity for the difference between these molecules. However, one out of five clones of cytotoxic T cells raised against B*5101 failed to lyse targets expressing B*5102. Substitution of histidine for tyrosine at residue 171 affected recognition of HLA-B35-restricted human minor histocompatibility antigen-specific T cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kawaguchi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Tokyo University Hospital, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Nishimura Y, Uchida H, Takemura F, Ichikawa N, Kawaguchi G, Sato Y, Shimizu K, Meigata K, Watanabe K, Beck Y. Electrolyte imbalance after canine pancreaticoduodenal allotransplantation using duodenocystostomy technique. Transplant Proc 1991; 23:1625-7. [PMID: 1989311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishimura
- Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Kawauchi M, Yazaki Y, Oka T, Okabe H, Mathison M, Nakajima J, Morizuki O, Kawaguchi G, Koseni K, Takeda M. Diagnosis of cardiac allograft rejection by the detection of circulating plasma cardiac myosin light chains. Jpn J Surg 1990; 20:212-6. [PMID: 2342239 DOI: 10.1007/bf02470771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Twenty adult male Japanese monkeys of the species Macaca fuscata were randomly paired and subjected to heterotopic cardiac transplantation performed by the Ono-Lyndsey method. Without immunosuppression, graft survival ranged between 8 and 27 days, with a mean survival of 14 days. Plasma cardiac myosin light chains were measured by radioimmunoassay, which showed transient increases in myosin levels just following transplantation. Three hearts showed high values at this period and stopped beating when the myosin levels decreased (type 1). The other 7 hearts showed low myosin values after transient increases and 5 of them were rejected with a preceding reincrease in the myosin levels (type 2). Pathological study revealed myocardial necrosis, perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells and/or neutrophils and/or plasma cells in the type 1 hearts. Measurement of the plasma myosin light chain level was therefore revealed to be of great value in the monitoring of cardiac allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawauchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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