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Baumgartner R, Berg M, Matic L, Polyzos KP, Forteza MJ, Hjorth SA, Schwartz TW, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Hedin U, Ketelhuth DFJ. Evidence that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway aggravates atherosclerotic disease in humans. J Intern Med 2021; 289:53-68. [PMID: 32794238 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine pathway has been shown to carry strong immunoregulatory properties. Several experimental studies indicate that this pathway is a major regulator of vascular inflammation and influences atherogenesis. Knowledge of the role of this pathway in human atherosclerosis remains incomplete. OBJECTIVES In this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis of tissue samples, in vitro and in vivo functional assays to elucidate the potential role of the kynurenine pathway in human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparison of transcriptomic data from carotid plaques and control arteries revealed an upregulation of enzymes within the quinolinic branch of the kynurenine pathway in the disease state, whilst the branch leading to the formation of kynurenic acid (KynA) was downregulated. Further analyses indicated that local inflammatory responses are closely tied to the deviation of the kynurenine pathway in the vascular wall. Analysis of cerebrovascular symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis data showed that the downregulation of KynA branch enzymes and reduced KynA production were associated with an increased probability of patients to undergo surgery due to an unstable disease. In vitro, we showed that KynA-mediated signalling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a major regulator of human macrophage activation. Using a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation, we showed that KynA inhibits leukocyte recruitment. CONCLUSIONS We have found that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway is associated with an increased probability of developing symptomatic unstable atherosclerotic disease. Our study suggests that KynA-mediated signalling through AhR is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baumgartner
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Berg
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K P Polyzos
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Forteza
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S A Hjorth
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G K Hansson
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D F J Ketelhuth
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Paulsson-Berne G, Karadimou G, Gistera A, Gallina A, Centa M, Salagianni M, Andreakos E, Hansson G, Malin S, Olofsson P. Treating ApoE−/− mice with Toll-like receptor 7 ligand lead to expansion of marginal zone B cells, reduced plasma cholesterol and decreased atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is involved in the cause of the life-threatening events in atherosclerosis, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. We have previously shown that higher levels of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression in human atherosclerotic lesions are correlated to better patient outcome, emphasizing the role of the innate pattern recognizing receptors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Purpose
Firstly, to investigate if activation of the innate immune receptor TLR7 in vivo in experimental atherosclerosis is a potential way to reduce disease and secondly to identify pathways upon TLR7 ligation treatment.
Methods
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) deficient mice with established disease were injected intraperitoneal with a TLR7 ligand. Local effects were evaluated by characterization of atherosclerotic lesions. Systemic effects of the treatment were investigated by immune composition analysis in the spleen and by plasma measurements
Results
In vivo treatment of ApoE−/−mice with TLR7 ligand arrested atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root. Moreover, in the lesions of the treated mice we detected decrease in necrotic area and decrease in accumulation of apoptotic cells. In the spleen we detected an expansion of marginal zone B cells accompanied with an increase in IgM antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The treated mice had reduced plasma cholesterol levels.
Conclusions
In vivo administration of TLR7 ligand ameliorated the atherosclerotic burden in old ApoE−/− mice. Our findings indicate that TLR7 ligation is involved in control of inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis, suggesting that TLR7 is a potential therapeutic target. Further analysis is needed in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which TLR7 exerts its protective role.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Karadimou
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gistera
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gallina
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Centa
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Biomedical Science, New York, United States of America
| | - M Salagianni
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - E Andreakos
- Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation, Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - G.K Hansson
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Malin
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Olofsson
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Karadimou G, Gisterå A, Gallina AL, Caravaca AS, Centa M, Salagianni M, Andreakos E, Hansson GK, Malin S, Olofsson PS, Paulsson-Berne G. Treatment with a Toll-like Receptor 7 ligand evokes protective immunity against atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. J Intern Med 2020; 288:321-334. [PMID: 32410352 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is central in life-threatening clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The specific mechanisms involved and their protective versus detrimental effects in the disease process remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that higher levels of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression in human atherosclerotic lesions are correlated with better patient outcome. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored whether TLR7 activation can ameliorate disease in experimental atherosclerosis in mice. METHODS Apolipoprotein E deficient mice (Apoe-/- ) with established disease were injected for five weeks intraperitoneally with the TLR7 ligand R848. Local effects were evaluated by characterization of the lesion. Systemic effects of the treatment were investigated by immune composition analysis in the spleen and plasma measurements. RESULTS The in vivo treatment arrested lesion progression in the aorta. We also detected expansion of marginal zone B cells and Treg in the spleen together with increased plasma IgM antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were accompanied by increased accumulation of IgM antibodies, decreased necrosis and fewer apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that TLR7 stimulation could ameliorate atherosclerotic lesion burden and reduce plasma cholesterol in Apoe-/- mice. TLR7 stimulation was associated with an atheroprotective B-cell and Treg response, which may have systemic and local effects within lesions that could prevent arterial lipid accumulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karadimou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gisterå
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Centa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Salagianni
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Andreakos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G K Hansson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Cederström S, Lundman P, Folkersen L, Paulsson-Berne G, Karadimou G, Eriksson P, Caidahl K, Gabrielsen A, Jernberg T, Persson J, Tornvall P. New candidate genes for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 2020; 287:66-77. [PMID: 31589004 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive research in atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of coronary atherothrombosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients are undetermined. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to find candidate genes involved in STEMI by analysing leucocyte gene expression in STEMI patients, without the influence of secondary inflammation from innate immunity, which was assumed to be a consequence rather than the cause of coronary atherothrombosis. METHODS Fifty-one patients were included at coronary angiography because of STEMI. Arterial blood was sampled in the acute phase (P1), at 24-48 h (P2) and at 3 months (P3). Leucocyte RNA was isolated and gene expression analysis was performed by Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. By omission of up- or downregulated genes at P2, secondary changes from innate immunity were excluded. Genes differentially expressed in P1 when compared to the convalescent sample in P3 were determined as genes involved in STEMI. RESULTS Three genes were upregulated at P1 compared to P3; ABCG1 (P = 5.81 × 10-5 ), RAB20 (P = 3.69 × 10-5 ) and TMEM2 (P = 7.75 × 10-6 ) whilst four were downregulated; ACVR1 (P = 9.01 × 10-5 ), NFATC2IP (P = 8.86 × 10-5 ), SUN1 (P = 3.87 × 10-5 ) and TTC9C (P = 7.18 × 10-6 ). These genes were also highly expressed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS We found seven genes involved in STEMI. The study is unique regarding the blood sampling in the acute phase and omission of secondary expressed genes from innate immunity. However, the results need to be replicated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cederström
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lundman
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Folkersen
- Sankt Hans Hospital, Capital Region Hospitals, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Karadimou
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Gabrielsen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jernberg
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Tornvall
- Division of Cardiovascular medicine, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Ziegler L, Lundqvist J, Perisic L, Gajulapuri A, Dreij K, Frumento P, Paulsson-Berne G, Wallen H, De Faire U, Hedin U, Gigante B. P2625The soluble IL6 receptor and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Ziegler
- Danderyd University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundqvist
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Perisic
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gajulapuri
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Dreij
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Frumento
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - H Wallen
- Danderyd University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U De Faire
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hedin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Gigante
- Karolinska Institute, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Cederstrom S, Lundman P, Folkersen L, Paulsson-Berne G, Eriksson P, Caidahl K, Gabrielsen A, Jernberg T, Persson J, Tornvall P. P3674New candidate genes for plaque rupture in myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Cederstrom
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lundman
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Folkersen
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Eriksson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Caidahl
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gabrielsen
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jernberg
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Persson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital (KI DS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Tornvall
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Matic L, Rykaczewska U, Rohl S, Razuvaev A, Lengquist M, Sabater-Lleal M, Van Der Laan S, Miller C, Lindeman J, Paulsson-Berne G, Quertermous T, Pasterkamp G, Hamsten A, Eriksson P, Hedin U. P4918PCSK6 is a key protease in the control of smooth muscle cell function in vascular remodelling. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Perisic L, Aldi S, Sun Y, Folkersen L, Razuvaev A, Roy J, Lengquist M, Åkesson S, Wheelock CE, Maegdefessel L, Gabrielsen A, Odeberg J, Hansson GK, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U. Gene expression signatures, pathways and networks in carotid atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2016; 279:293-308. [PMID: 26620734 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embolism from unstable atheromas in the carotid bifurcation is a major cause of stroke. Here, we analysed gene expression in endarterectomies from patients with symptomatic (S) and asymptomatic (AS) carotid stenosis to identify pathways linked to plaque instability. METHODS Microarrays were prepared from plaques (n = 127) and peripheral blood samples (n = 96) of S and AS patients. Gene set enrichment, pathway mapping and network analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed. RESULTS These studies revealed upregulation of haemoglobin metabolism (P = 2.20E-05) and bone resorption (P = 9.63E-04) in S patients. Analysis of subgroups of patients indicated enrichment of calcification and osteoblast differentiation in S patients on statins, as well as inflammation and apoptosis in plaques removed >1 month compared to <2 weeks after symptom. By prediction profiling, a panel of 30 genes, mostly transcription factors, discriminated between plaques from S versus AS patients with 78% accuracy. By meta-analysis, common gene networks associated with atherosclerosis mapped to hypoxia, chemokines, calcification, actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. A set of dysregulated genes (LMOD1, SYNPO2, PLIN2 and PPBP) previously not described in atherosclerosis were identified from microarrays and validated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed a central role for inflammation and proteases in plaque instability, and highlighted haemoglobin metabolism and bone resorption as important pathways. Subgroup analysis suggested prolonged inflammation following the symptoms of plaque instability and calcification as a possible stabilizing mechanism by statins. In addition, transcriptional regulation may play an important role in the determination of plaque phenotype. The results from this study will serve as a basis for further exploration of molecular signatures in carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perisic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Aldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Sun
- Translational Science Center, Personalized Healthcare and Biomarkers, R&D, Astra Zeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Folkersen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Razuvaev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Åkesson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gabrielsen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Odeberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - U Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Ovchinnikova OA, Folkersen L, Persson J, Lindeman JHN, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Gavrisheva N, Shlyakhto E, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Olofsson PS, Hansson GK. The collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase is associated with the healing of human atherosclerotic lesions. J Intern Med 2014; 276:525-36. [PMID: 24588843 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke are usually caused by thrombus formation on the ruptured plaque surface. Collagen, the main structural protein of the fibrous cap, provides mechanical strength to the atherosclerotic plaque. The integrity of the fibrous cap depends on collagen fibre cross-linking, a process controlled by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied atherosclerotic plaques from human carotid endarterectomies. LOX was strongly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and detected in the regions with ongoing fibrogenesis. Higher LOX levels were associated with a more stable phenotype of the plaque. In the studied population, LOX mRNA levels in carotid plaques predicted the risk for future MI. Within the lesion, LOX mRNA levels correlated positively with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and negatively with markers of immune activation. The amount of LOX-mediated collagen cross-links in plaques correlated positively also with serum levels of OPG. CONCLUSIONS Lysyl oxidase may contribute to the healing of atherosclerotic lesions and to the prevention of its lethal complications. Mediators of inflammation may control LOX expression in plaques and hence plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Razuvaev A, Ekstrand J, Folkersen L, Agardh H, Markus D, Swedenborg J, Hansson G, Gabrielsen A, Paulsson-Berne G, Roy J, Hedin U. Correlations Between Clinical Variables and Gene-expression Profiles in Carotid Plaque Instability. J Vasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Razuvaev A, Ekstrand J, Folkersen L, Agardh H, Markus D, Swedenborg J, Hansson GK, Gabrielsen A, Paulsson-Berne G, Roy J, Hedin U. Correlations between clinical variables and gene-expression profiles in carotid plaque instability. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 42:722-30. [PMID: 21741279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Strokes, a major cause of disability, are often caused by embolism from unstable carotid plaques. The aim of this study was to validate a biobank of human carotid endarterectomies as a platform for further exploration of pathways for plaque instability. For this purpose, we investigated the relationship between clinical parameters of plaque instability and expression of genes previously shown to be associated with either plaque instability or healing processes in the vessel wall. METHODS A database of clinical information and gene-expression microarray data from 106 carotid endarterectomies were used. RESULTS Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-7 was 100-fold higher in plaques than in normal artery. In general, genes associated with inflammation (such as RANKL and CD68) were overexpressed in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic plaques. Plaques obtained from patients undergoing surgery within 2 weeks after an embolic event showed up-regulation of genes involved in healing reactions in the vessel wall (including elastin and collagen). Statin treatment, as well as echodense lesions, were associated with a more stable phenotype. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that gene-expression profiles reflect clinical parameters. Our results suggest that microarray technology and clinical variables can be used for the future identification of central molecular pathways in plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razuvaev
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Strodthoff D, Agardh H, Lundberg A, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson G, Gerdes N. 145 LACK OF INVARIANT NATURAL KILLER T CELLS DOES NOT AFFECT ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION IN DIET-INDUCED OBESE MICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Agardh HE, Folkersen L, Ekstrand J, Marcus D, Swedenborg J, Hedin U, Gabrielsen A, Paulsson-Berne G. Expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4/aP2 is correlated with plaque instability in carotid atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2011; 269:200-10. [PMID: 21073559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the molecular basis for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability with high risk of plaque rupture and thromboembolism is complex. We investigated whether clinical estimates of plaque stability correlate with differentially expressed mRNA transcripts within the lesion. METHODS AND RESULTS endarterectomy samples from patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis were prospectively collected and clinical parameters recorded in the Biobank of Karolinska Carotid Endarterectomies. mRNA expression profiling (n = 40) and quantitative RT-PCR (n = 105) revealed increased levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2) in lesions from patients with recent symptoms of plaque instability compared to asymptomatic patients (array: FC = 2, P < 0.05; RT-PCR: P < 0.05). At the mRNA level, FABP4/aP2 correlated with the cell markers CD36, CD68 and CD163 of monocyte/macrophage lineage as well as with CD4-positive T cells. FABP4/aP2 mRNA expression was also correlated with enzymes of the leukotriene pathway, 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A4 hydrolase. In addition, analysis of transcript profiles identified CD52 and adipophilin as the mRNAs with the highest correlation with FABP4/aP2. Expression of FABP4/aP2 by macrophages and CD52 by T cells in the lesion was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS expression of FABP4/aP2 is increased at the mRNA level in unstable carotid plaques. Immunohistochemical analyses showed localization of FABP4/aP2 to macrophage populations. These FABP4/aP2-positive macrophages constitute an important and prevalent phenotype and could provide a new link between scavenging-mediated lipid uptake and cellular metabolic stress in plaque. In addition FABP4/aP2 correlates with other important signs of inflammation and plaque instability, such as T cells and leukotriene enzymes. Taken together, these results indicate that FABP4/aP2 is a key factor connecting vascular and cellular lipid accumulation to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Agardh
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Karolinska Institutet Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Persson J, Lindberg K, Gustafsson TP, Eriksson P, Paulsson-Berne G, Lundman P. Low plasma adiponectin concentration is associated with myocardial infarction in young individuals. J Intern Med 2010; 268:194-205. [PMID: 20528971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of adiponectin in coronary heart disease remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the associations between plasma adiponectin levels and i) myocardial infarction and ii) genetic variation within the adiponectin gene were investigated. METHODS The study included young survivors (age <60 years) of a first myocardial infarction and gender- and age-matched controls (244 pairs). Adiponectin concentrations were analysed by radioimmunoassay. Two polymorphisms, rs266729 and rs1501299, of the adiponectin gene ADIPOQ were genotyped. RESULTS Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) 9.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7-18.2, for the lowest quartile compared to the highest quartile]. This persisted after adjustment for history of hypertension, HDL cholesterol, smoking and body mass index (BMI) (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.6). The rs266729 polymorphism was associated with adiponectin levels. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were lower in individuals with the rare G/G genotype [median 4.3 mg/L, [corrected] interquartile range (IQR) 2.8-6.2] compared to the C/G (median 5.8 mg/L), [corrected] IQR 3.9-8.0; P = 0.035) and C/C genotypes (median 5.5 mg/L, [corrected] IQR 4.0-7.5; P = 0.083). CONCLUSION Low plasma adiponectin concentrations are associated with myocardial infarction in individuals below the age of 60, and this remains significant after adjustment for history of hypertension, HDL cholesterol, smoking and BMI. In addition, adiponectin levels differ according to rs266729 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Persson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Agardh H, Gabrielsen A, Swedenborg J, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G. Abstract: P631 EXPRESSION OF FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN 4/AP2 CORRELATES WITH PLAQUE INSTABILITY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lund K, Razuvaev A, Roy J, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Caidahl K. Abstract: 1077 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CAROTID PLAQUE DENSITY IN RELATION TO GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Olofsson PS, Söderström LÅ, Jern C, Sirsjö A, Ria M, Sundler E, de Faire U, Wiklund PG, Öhrvik J, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G, Hamsten A, Eriksson P, Hansson GK. Genetic variants of TNFSF4 and risk for carotid artery disease and stroke. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 87:337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hermansson A, Ketelhuth D, Törnberg I, Hansson E, Paulsson-Berne G, Nicoletti A, Hansson G. Tu-P7:240 T cells specific for an oxidation-induced epitope in human LDL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Paulsson-Berne G, Gabrielsen A, Agardh H, Ekstrand J, Marcus D, Bodin I, Swedenborg J, Hansson G, Hedin U. Tu-P7:289 Inflammatory response in human atherosclerosis:Bike — biobank of Karolinska endartherectomy. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Agardh H, Eriksson P, Tupin E, Kazi M, Hedin U, Olsson A, Hansson G, Swedenborg J, Paulsson-Berne G. We-P11:272 Invariant NKT cells present in human atherosclerotic lesions. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Olofsson PS, Jatta K, Wågsäter D, Gredmark S, Hedin U, Paulsson-Berne G, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Hansson GK, Sirsjö A. The antiviral cytomegalovirus inducible gene 5/viperin is expressed in atherosclerosis and regulated by proinflammatory agents. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:e113-6. [PMID: 15890971 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000170130.85334.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory processes play an important role in atherosclerosis, and increasing evidence implies that microbial pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the development and activation of atherosclerotic lesions. To find new inflammatory genes, we explored the vascular transcriptional response to an activator of innate immunity bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). METHODS AND RESULTS Gene arrays identified the cytomegalovirus-inducible gene 5 (cig5)/viperin among the genes most potently induced by LPS in human vascular biopsies. Viperin was expressed by endothelial cells in atherosclerotic arteries and significantly elevated in atherosclerotic compared with normal arteries. In culture, cytomegalovirus infection, interferon-gamma, and LPS induced viperin expression. CONCLUSIONS Viperin is expressed in atherosclerosis and induced in vascular cells by inflammatory stimuli and cytomegalovirus infection. The putative functions of viperin in atherosclerosis may relate to disease-associated microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Olofsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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