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Fang Q, Wang J, Hao YY, Li H, Hu JX, Yang GS, Hu JH. Effects of iodine methionine on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1061-1066. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - J Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - YY Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - H Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - JX Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - GS Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - JH Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Cong XC, Yang GS, Qu JH, Dai MX. Evaluating the dynamical characteristics of particle matter emissions in an open ore yard with industrial operation activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21336-21349. [PMID: 27502458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study to investigate the dynamical characteristics of particle matter emissions in a working open yard is conducted in Caofeidian Port of Hebei Province, China. The average diurnal concentrations of the total suspended particulate (TSP) matter and respirable particulate matter (PM10 and PM5) are monitored during the field measurement campaign. Sampling is performed at a regular interval at 8 monitoring stations in the yard with normal industrial activities. The average TSP, PM10 and PM5 concentrations range from 285 to 568, 198 to 423 and 189 to 330 μg.m-3 in the yard, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient of TSP/PM10 and TSP/PM5 is 0.95±0.01 and 0.88±0.02, respectively.By using the Spearman correlation method, the wind speed and relative humidity are both weakly correlated with the PM10 and PM5 concentrations according to the measurements. In addition, industrial operation activities, such as vehicular traffic in the yard and the loading time of stackers, are significantly positively correlated with the PM concentration. Using the multivariate regression method, the main parameters influencing the TSP concentration variations are integratedly analysed. The traffic volume is found to be a significant predictor of TSP concentration variation, with the smallest P value (P<0.05).To understand the dynamical characteristics of particle emissions in the yard, the emissions from the truck transports, that is, from unpaved haul roads and from the loading process, are established. Then, the dynamical emission factor (EFD) based on the industrial activities in the yard is proposed. The dynamical emissions average 5.25x105 kg.year-1 and EFD is evaluated to be 0.29 kg.(ton.day)-1 during the measurement period. These outcomes have meaningful implications not only for understanding the dynamical characteristics of particle emissions in the working stockyard but also for implementing effective control measures at appropriate sites in the harbour area.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Cong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering Ministry of Transport, Tianjin, 300456, People's Republic of China.
| | - G S Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - J H Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - M X Dai
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering Ministry of Transport, Tianjin, 300456, People's Republic of China
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Tarvonen PL, Suominen AL, Yang GS, Ri YS, Sipilä K. Association between oral health habits and dental caries among children in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:e136-e142. [PMID: 27225524 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the self-reported oral health habits and their association with the occurrence of dental caries among children in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), after 6 years of activities under the auspices of the Children's Oral Health Promotion Programme (COHPP). METHODS The data were collected in September 2013 in two of the most central districts of Pyongyang City, DPRK. The sample consisted of 492 children aged 10 and 13 years who had participated in the COHPP for 6 years. The children filled in a self-completed, structured questionnaire on oral health habits and were examined clinically by a dentist. The differences in mean (SD) number of decayed primary (dt) and permanent teeth (DT) and their sum (dt + DT) subdivided according to genders, age groups, districts and self-reported oral health habits were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-test. The associations between self-reported oral health habits and the occurrence of dental caries were evaluated with chi-square test and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The school-aged children commonly reported healthy oral hygiene habits but sweet snacks were commonly used. The occurrence of dental caries associated statistically significantly with the frequency of sweet snacking (p=0.011) but not with the frequency of tooth brushing (p=0.725) or the use of water for thirst instead of sugary beverages (p=0.189). CONCLUSION A more effective promotion of healthy dietary habits with innovative approaches and close collaboration with different social actors will be needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Tarvonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki, City of Helsinki, Finland
| | - A L Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - G S Yang
- Korea Education Fund, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Ri
- Dental Faculty, Pyongyang Medical College, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - K Sipilä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Tarvonen PL, Sipilä K, Yang GS, Kim JK, Lamidi ML, Suominen AL. Comparison of two preventive interventions on dental caries among children in Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 14:301-306. [PMID: 27005480 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare the change in dental caries status in two different intervention groups of the Children's Oral Health Promotion Programme (COHPP). METHODS A longitudinal study among 500 children who had participated into the COHPP for 6 years was conducted in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Children in Group I received intensified school-based intervention and were clinically examined at the age of 7 years in 2007 (n = 250), 10 years in 2010 (n = 250) and 13 years in 2013 (n = 242). Children in Group II (n = 250) joined the programme at the age of 4 years in kindergarten in 2007, were provided with early preschool-based intervention and were clinically examined at the age of 7 years in 2010 and 10 years in 2013. RESULTS Both the prevalence and the mean number of dt + DT decreased significantly in both groups during the follow-up. This was due to decrease in the number of dt, whereas the number of DT remained relatively constant. Poisson regression showed that the association between the group status and the change in the number of dt + DT was statistically significant when adjusted for gender but disappeared when the school was included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in dental caries may be partly due to the exfoliation of deciduous teeth and dental treatment received. However, the study gave some reference emphasizing the early starting of the prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Tarvonen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Oral Health Care, Social Services and Health Care, Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K Sipilä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - G S Yang
- Korea Education Fund, Pyongyang city, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Dental Faculty, Pyongyang Medical College, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang city, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - M-L Lamidi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A L Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang Q, Ji XW, Hou XM, Lu FM, Du Y, Yin JH, Sun XY, Deng Y, Zhao J, Han X, Yang GS, Zhang HW, Chen XM, Shen HB, Wang HY, Cao GW. Effect of functional nuclear factor-kappaB genetic polymorphisms on hepatitis B virus persistence and their interactions with viral mutations on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2413-2419. [PMID: 25223483 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonresolving inflammation and viral mutations are important in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the effects of genetic polymorphisms affecting nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) on HBV persistence and generation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related HBV mutations remain unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS rs28362491 (NFKB1 -94Ins > Del), rs2233406 (NFKBIA -826C > T), rs3138053 (NFKBIA -881A > G), and rs696 (NFKBIA +2758G > A) were genotyped in 1342 healthy controls, 327 HBV-clearance subjects, and 3976 HBV-positive subjects including 1495 HCC patients, using quantitative PCR. HBV mutations were determined by sequencing. The NFKBIA promoter activity was assessed by transient transfection. Multiplicative interactions of the polymorphisms and viral mutations were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with HBV-clearance subjects, rs2233406 (CT versus CC) and rs3138053 (AG or AG + GG versus AA) significantly decreased HBV persistence, especially in the genotype B HBV-infected subjects. In the genotype C HBV-infected subjects, rs2233406 variant genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC [CT versus CC: age-, gender-adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.75 in training set and AOR, 1.59; 95% CI 1.01-2.52 in validation set] compared with HCC-free HBV-infected subjects and significantly increased the frequencies of HCC-related HBV mutations (A1762T/G1764A, T1753V, preS1 start codon mutation, and preS deletion); rs28362491 (Del/Del or Ins/Del + Del/Del versus Ins/Ins) significantly increased the frequency of A1762T/G1764A and reduced the frequency of preS2 start codon mutation. The variant genotypes impaired NFKBIA promoter activity in hepatic cells. The interaction of rs2233406 variant genotypes (CT + TT versus CC) with A1762T/G1764A significantly increased HCC risk in genotype C HBV-infected subjects, with AOR of 2.61 (95% CI 1.09-6.26). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms improving NF-κB activity contribute to genotype B HBV clearance. The rs2233406 variant genotypes significantly increase HCC risk, possibly via facilitating immune selection of the HBV mutations. The host-virus interactions are important in identifying HBV-infected subjects who are more likely to develop HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - X W Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - X M Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - F M Lu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing
| | - Y Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - J H Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - X Han
- Division of Chronic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangpu District, Shanghai
| | - G S Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - H W Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - X M Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing
| | - H B Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - H Y Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - G W Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai.
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Pang WJ, Wei N, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Chen FF, Wu WJ, Zhao CZ, Sun SD, Yang GS. Obese and lean porcine difference of FoxO1 and its regulation through C/EBPβ and PI3K/GSK3β signaling pathway. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1968-79. [PMID: 24663213 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is an important transcription factor implicated in adipogenesis. In this study, we detected the breed differences in FoxO1 between Bamei pigs (an obese breed) and Large White pigs (a lean breed). Compared with Large White pigs, the BW of Bamei pigs was lower (P < 0.01), but back fat thickness, fat percent, and intramuscular fat content were greater (P < 0.01). The levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein were lower (P < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of Bamei pigs at 180 d, adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction extracted from SAT of Bamei pigs at 1 d compared with Large White pigs. Knockdown of FoxO1 increased triglyceride content (P < 0.01) and upregulated the levels of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) at 6 d after porcine preadipocytes were induced. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulation of FoxO1 through C/EBPβ during early porcine preadipocyte differentiation and the effect of insulin on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signal pathway by FoxO1 were examined. The results indicated that FoxO1 inhibited transcription activity of C/EBPβ, whereas C/EBPβ did not affect transcription activity of FoxO1. At 6 and 12 h of early differentiation, knockdown of FoxO1 triggered the transcription activity of C/EBPβ. In addition, FoxO1 protein interacted with C/EBPβ protein in porcine adipocytes at 12 h after induction. Under treatment with 100 nM insulin, knockdown or overexpression of FoxO1 mediated PI3K/GSK3β signaling via upregulating or downregulating the levels of GSK3β and its phosphorylation in adipocytes. Taken together, there is low, but detectable, expression of FoxO1 in SAT of obese pigs and FoxO1 inhibited adipogenesis through C/EBPβ and PI3K/GSK3β signaling pathway. These findings provide useful information to further the understanding of the function of FoxO1 in porcine adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wu ZF, Zhang HB, Yang N, Zhao WC, Fu Y, Yang GS. Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation improves survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors: results of a large monocentric series. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 2012; 38:602-10. [PMID: 22417704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is currently unsatisfactory. The aims of this study were to identify prognostic factors after curative ICC resection, and to evaluate the effects of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of 114 ICC patients who underwent curative resection from January 2005 to December 2006. Relationships between survival and clinicopathological factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The benefits of adjuvant TACE were investigated separately. RESULTS The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 63%, 26%, and 15%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumour size ≥ 5 cm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.875, 95% CI 1.139-3.088, P=0.013) and advanced TNM stage (stage III or IV) (HR 1.681, 95% CI 1.035-2.732, P=0.036) were independently associated with poor prognosis. Fifty-seven patients underwent adjuvant TACE. In patients with poor prognostic factors, TACE improved the survival rate (P<0.001). However, in patients without poor prognostic factors, TACE did not significantly change the survival rate (P=0.724). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative adjuvant TACE can prolong survival in ICC patients with tumour size ≥ 5 cm or advanced TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Wu
- The Fifth Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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Li XJ, Yang H, Li GX, Zhang GH, Cheng J, Guan H, Yang GS. Transcriptome profile analysis of porcine adipose tissue by high-throughput sequencing. Anim Genet 2011; 43:144-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li Y, Yang GS. Insulin induced lipogenesis and enhanced mRNA level of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c in primary porcine adipocyte. Can J Anim Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas07133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the development and metabolism of the pig adipocyte, and even less is known about regulation of lipogenesis in the pig adipocyte. The objective of this study was to test the effects of insulin on the morphology of cells, the content of triacylglycerols (TG), the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and the mRNA level of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in porcine adipocytes in vitro. Morphologically, larger lipid droplets appeared in the presence of insulin for 48 h. Insulin-induced lipogenesis of primary porcine adipocytes was correlated with the TG content and FAS activity. There was a significant difference in the TG content and FAS activity between the insulin-treated cells and the control cells (P < 0.05); insulin increased the content of TG and FAS activity in a dose-dependent manner and the maximum activity occurred at 150 nmol L-1. The TG content and FAS activity were increased in a dose-dependent manner and maximal values were obtained when adipocytes were incubated with 150 nmol L-1 insulin. The mRNA levels of SREBP-1c were also increased by insulin. In summary, lipogenesis of porcine adipocyte could be induced by insulin in a dose-dependent manner and the induced hypertrophy of porcine adipocytes partially due to the increase of TG content, FAS activity and SREBP-1c mRNA level. Key words: Lipogenesis, porcine, adipocyte, insulin, SREBP-1c
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Abstract
The piezoelectric stick-slip (PZT-SS) actuator is known to achieve motion with a theoretically unlimited range yet high resolution (several nanometers). In this type of actuator, friction plays an active role in producing a meaningful stick-slip motion. However, friction is a source of heat which may cause significant temperature rise, affecting the dynamic performance of the actuator. Our study aimed to measure temperature rise in the stick-slip motion and to understand whether such a rise could significantly affect the displacement of the stick-slip motion. In this study, a temperature measurement system was developed using the off-the-shelf components, with which the temperature rise up to 0.436 degrees C was successfully measured on a proprietary PZT-SS actuator. The experiment further shows that the temperature rise affects the displacement of the actuator when operating voltage is at the low end (approximately 6 V). Therefore, one of the design recommendations for such an actuator system is that the operating voltage should be at the high end (approximately 30 V). The study also measured the temperature rise (approximately 0.263 degrees C after the system worked for 6300 s) at the friction interface due to the piezoelectric element which is a part of the whole PZT-SS actuator. This means that temperature rise is due to both the friction at two interacting surface and the operation of the piezoelectric element.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Wang XC, Zheng Q, Yang GS. Influence of preparation methods on structure and properties of PA6/PA66 blends: A comparison of melt-mixing andin situ blending. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu RY, Lei CZ, Liu SH, Yang GS. Genetic Diversity and Origin of Chinese Domestic Goats Revealed by Complete mtDNA D-loop Sequence Variation. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li Y, Lu RH, Luo GF, Pang WJ, Yang GS. Effects of different cryoprotectants on the viability and biological characteristics of porcine preadipocyte. Cryobiology 2006; 53:240-7. [PMID: 16930580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Effective techniques for the cryopreservation of porcine preadipocytes could increase the usefulness of these cells as a model in obesity studies. The objective of this study was to test the effects of the following cryoprotective agents (CPAs) on the cytotoxicity, post-thaw survival, proliferation and differentiation capacity of porcine preadipocytes: ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Me2SO+PVP, and no-CPA. In addition to the CPAs, the CPA medium contained 80% DMEM/F12 plus 10% FBS. Trypan blue exclusion tests showed that among the CPA treatments in this study, only EG was toxic to porcine preadipocytes. The highest survival rate (94.96%) and cell viability were obtained when preadipocytes were cryopreserved with 10% PVP. Morphologically, PVP cryopreserved preadipocytes resembled fibroblasts and most underwent attachment, proliferation, and growth arrest with subsequent accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets before becoming mature adipocytes. There were no significant differences in the GPDH activity between adipocytes in the PVP treatment and primary cells from days 3 to 10 of the culture. Analysis of RT-PCR confirmed that there was no significant difference of PPARgamma2 mRNA levels between the cells in the 10% PVP treatment and primary cells. In summary, porcine preadipocytes cryopreserved with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% PVP and 10% FBS have high survival rate and proliferation potential. Furthermore, the cryopreserved cells synthesize a range of markers that are consistent with this cell type. We conclude that 10% PVP is a suitable CPA for porcine preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Gao RY, Yang GS, Shen HX, Chen RY, Dai Q, Wang QS. Direct Chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation of O,O-Diethyl-(p-methyl-benzene-sulfonamido)- Aryl (Alkyl)-Methylphosphonate. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608005503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Y. Gao
- a National Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - G. S. Yang
- b Department of Chemistry , Nankai university , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - H. X. Shen
- b Department of Chemistry , Nankai university , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - R. Y. Chen
- a National Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q. Dai
- a National Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q. S. Wang
- a National Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Tianjin , 300071 , People's Republic of China
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Yang GS, Chen DM, Yang Y, Tang B, Gao JJ, Aboul-Enein HY, Koppenhoefer B. Enantioseparation of Some Clinically Used Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Selector. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang GS, Zhan CY, Fu GH, Vazquez PP, Frenich AG, Vidal JLM, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral Separation of Organic Phosphonate Compounds on Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jian Z, Xing JL, Yang GS, Hu SJ. A Novel Bursting Mechanism of Type A Neurons in Injured Dorsal Root Ganglia. Neurosignals 2004; 13:150-6. [PMID: 15067203 DOI: 10.1159/000076569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using intracellular recording in vivo, the bursting behaviors were investigated in the neurons of chronically compressed dorsal root ganglia of the adult rat. In most cases, the first spike of a burst emerged from amplitude-increasing damped subthreshold membrane potential oscillation (SMPO) and the discharge terminated by an amplitude-decreasing damped SMPO. The rhythms of these bursting behaviors are all irregular. Since some researchers found that the stochastic dynamics can also produce similar bursting pattern, the deterministic dynamics of interevent interval (IEI) series obtained from raw membrane potential recording was detected by extraction of the hierarchy of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) in the windowed IEI series. The results showed a number of statistically significant UPOs of order-one, order-two, and order-three. These orbits form a complex but predictable lattice of regions in which the dynamics of the bursting occurrence is deterministic. Based on a complete classification scheme, the investigated bursting can be depicted by the elliptic bursting dynamics. The significance of the finding that a neuron in the injured dorsal root ganglion has such dynamics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jian
- Department of Physics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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19
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Sohn CH, Yang GS, Kim GN, Moon SY, Lee CW. Investigations of three-dimensional flow characteristics in a liquid ramjet combustor using the PIV method. J Vis (Tokyo) 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03182604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lu GH, Wang JQ, Yang GS, Wang HB, Jin XJ, Qiu LJ, Yang B. [Non-linear compression for noises in non-contact vital signs detecting system]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2001; 25:316-366. [PMID: 12583260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for compressing the noises overlapping in the breath and heart signals of human beings, detected by the non-contact vital signs detecting system during the display of the waveforms in time domain, is discussed in this paper in detail. And what's more, the problem that the noise level is changed along with the increase of the gain of AD data-acquisition card and the display--gain of the software is solved by researching into the threshold of noise-level contraction in two types of circumstance in the lab, and the result of the breath and heart signal in the condition of lower noise is realized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Fourth Military Medical University
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21
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Abstract
Discrimination of the shape of motion-produced forms generated by random elements (i.e. second-order stimuli varying in element density and temporal correlation) was tested in four groups: (1) subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), chromosome 15q deletion subtype; (2) subjects with PWS, uniparental maternal disomy (UPD) subtype; (3) equivalent non-PWS controls; and (4) normal controls. The performance of the normal controls exceeded that of all other groups (78% correct, P < 0.009). The PWS deletion (66%) and the equivalent control groups (59%) did not differ (P < 0.95). The UPD group performed significantly less well (38%, P < 0.04) than all the other groups. The performance of the PWS deletion and equivalent control groups is consistent with other data indicating that these populations encounter difficulty meeting the processing demands posed by second-order stimuli. The inferior performance of the UPD group may be attributed to receiving two active alleles of a maternally expressed gene influencing neural development. One candidate is the ubiquitin protein ligase gene (UBE3A), which is maternally expressed only and localized to the 15q region. Other possibilities include the requirement of a paternally expressed gene, residual mosaic trisomy 15 in the brain tissue or complex interactions including specific ratios of differentially spliced gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fox
- Department of Psychology and John F. Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Wang JQ, Wang HB, Jin XJ, Yang GS, Yang B, Dong XZ, Qiu LJ. [The study on non-contact detection of breathing and heartbeat based on radar principles]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2001; 25:132-135. [PMID: 12583278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The paper introduces the design of hardware and software of non-contact detection system for breathing and heartbeat in human body with radar principles and technology. The detection technology is discussed. Under conditions of the illuminating power P < 1 mW and the distance S < 10 m, the non-contact breathing and heartbeat measurement, can be in different positions and with different clothing on the subject. The results show that the system with the technology has a high sensitivity, and is harmless to the health. It is a practicable non-contact detection technology for breathing and heartbeat of human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Wang
- Fourth Military Medical University
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Wang JX, Yang GS, Fu TD, Meng JL. Development of PCR-based markers linked to the fertility restorer gene for the polima cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:1012-6. [PMID: 11209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify RAPD markers linked to the Rfp of pol cms in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) from the fertile and sterile DNA bulks. DNA bands amplified from 1040 random 10-mer primers were screened. Two polymorphic bands S1019(720) and S1036(810) were found linked to the Rfp locus at the same side with a map distance of 5.8 cM and 12.3 cM respectively. These polymorphic fragments were cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence information was used to design 20-24-mer oligo nucleotide primers for PCR amplification. The SCAR markers that generated from the long primers showed the same pattern of segregation as the original RAPD markers in the backcross population. The SCAR markers would facilitate selection on the Pol CMS restorer lines in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yang GS, Song HT, Keithley EM, Harris JP. Intratympanic immunosuppressives for prevention of immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Otol 2000; 21:499-504. [PMID: 10912694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Round window membrane application of immunosuppressives reduces cochlear inflammation and hearing loss in a guinea pig model of sterile labyrinthitis. BACKGROUND Systemic immunosuppressives are used to treat sensorineural hearing loss due to inflammation (autoimmune, bacterial, viral), which in animal models causes hearing loss. Transtympanic application of drugs is an attractive and possibly efficacious method of treatment that avoids systemic toxicities. METHODS Sterile labyrinthitis was created using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Dexamethasone (0.048 mg/day and 0.288 mg/day), cyclosporine (0.5%), prednisolone acetate (1%), fluorouracil, (5%), and FK506 (0.01%) were delivered to the round window membrane with one injection (filling middle ear space) or osmotic minipumps. Efficacy was evaluated by auditory brainstem response and histology. RESULTS No drug was effective at reducing hearing loss or inflammation. CONCLUSION Local application of immunosuppressives did not suppress inner ear inflammatory infiltrates and hearing loss in KLH-induced labyrinthitis in a guinea pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Yang
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0666, USA
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Hu ZB, Yang GS, Li M, Miyamoto N, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Mechanism of cytosine arabinoside toxicity to the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia: involvement of free radicals. Leukemia 1995; 9:789-98. [PMID: 7769841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid and hydrocortisone (HC) have been shown to regulate the drug sensitivity of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We asked if the proto-oncogene bcl-2 played a role in this regulation. As target cells we used the continuous lines, OCI/AML-1, OCI/AML-2 or OCI/AML-5; expression of bcl-2 can be detected by Northern analysis of RNA from OCI/AML-2 or OCI/AML-5 cells; bcl-2 expression can be found in OCI/AML-1 cells only by using RT-PCR. Exposure of OCI/AML-2 or OCI/AML-5 cells to retinoic acid (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) led to a down-regulation of bcl-2 expression that was first seen after 2 h of exposure and was complete after a day. The down-regulation could be prevented by exposing the cells to ara-C either before or after ATRA; decrease in bcl-2 protein was moderate and only obvious after 36 h of ATRA treatment. Nuclear run-on experiments provided evidence that bcl-2 down-regulation was occurring at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Since bcl-2 is considered to have anti-oxidant activity, we tested the sensitivity of the three cell lines to H2O2; we found that OCI/AML-1, the line with very low bcl-2 expression, was a 100-fold more H2O2-sensitive than OCI/AML-2 or OCI/AML-5, where bcl-2 expression can be detected readily. We then asked if H2O2 sensitivity could be regulated. We found that exposure of cells to HC before H2O2 was protective while ATRA after peroxide treatment increased killing; this is the same pattern of regulation observed when AML blasts are exposed to HC before, or ATRA after ara-C. Finally, we asked whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a known radical scavenger would protect cells against ara-C killing. Significant protection was observed when NAC was given before drug, but not if given after drug. NAC protection against ara-C killing was seen for OCI/AML-1 and 2 cells, but not for OCI/AML-5 cells. We interpret the results as follows: ara-C kills cells in two ways: first, directly, by incorporation into DNA and chain termination; second, indirectly, by inducing the production of toxic radicals. Bcl-2 reduces the oxidant activity of such radicals, and is protective. ATRA regulates ara-C toxicity by its action on bcl-2. Left unexplained are the action of HC, which does not affect bcl-2 expression and the mechanism by which ara-C prevents down-regulation of bcl-2 by ATRA.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcysteine/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cytarabine/toxicity
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Free Radicals/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/pharmacology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Hu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Yang GS, Wang C, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Fluorescence-labeling of nicks in DNA from leukemic blast cells as a measure of damage following cytosine arabinoside. Application to the study of regulated drug sensitivity. Leukemia 1994; 8:2052-9. [PMID: 7807994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Damage to DNA can be assessed using a technique for labeling nicks in DNA by incubating paraformaldehyde-fixed cells in a mixture of biotin-labeled dUTP, dATP with dNTP and DNA polymerase I. The addition of labeled nucleotides can then be identified by fluorescence by their reaction with streptavidin. We have used this method to examine damage to the DNA of OCI/AML-2 cells caused by cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and the effects of hydrocortisone and retinoic acid on this damage (regulated drug sensitivity). Concurrent measurements of clonogenic cells were used to allow a comparison of damage as shown by labeled nicks in DNA with loss of colony-forming capacity. Both methods gave comparable ara-C dose-response curves, for cells incubated with the drug for 24 h. Both methods showed that exposure of OCI/AML-2 cells to hydrocortisone before ara-C greatly reduced the toxicity of the drug; and that retinoic acid given after ara-C increased both its lethal effects on colony formation and the extent of DNA damage as assessed by labeled nicks. Clonogenic assays required for colony formation are not readily adapted to the study of development and repair of damage. The labeled nick assay is suitable for such kinetic studies. OCI/AML-2 cells were exposed in suspension to either hydrocortisone before ara-C or retinoic acid after ara-C. At 24 h intervals thereafter, cells were harvested, assayed by both methods, and recultured after dilution to the original cell concentration. In cultures exposed only to ara-C (controls), the number of cells with labeled nicks increased during the first 24 h and cells with damaged DNA could be detected for 48-72 h, depending on the ara-C dose in spite of the dilution at each passage. OCI/AML-2 cells exposed to hydrocortisone before drug showed fewer nick-labeled cells than controls at the first observation and damaged cells rapidly disappeared from the population with increasing time. For cells treated with retinoic acid after ara-C, the nick-labeled cell population was greater than controls and remained greater throughout subsequent observations. We propose that in the control cultures, sublethal damage either became lethal with time and was seen as increased numbers of cells with damaged DNA, or alternatively, sublethal damage was repaired. From this point of view we consider that hydrocortisone promotes repair of sublethal damage while retinoic acid inhibits repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Yang
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Yang GS, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Regulation by retinoic acid and hydrocortisone of the anthracycline sensitivity of blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1994; 8:2065-75. [PMID: 7807996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The experiments reported here continue the study of regulated drug sensitivity by extending the observations to anthracyclines. Previous work has shown that hydrocortisone (HC) protects AML blast stem cells from the lethal effects of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) while retinoic acid (ATRA) increases ara-C sensitivity; further mechanisms of regulation of ara-C sensitivity might include increase or decrease in repair of sublethal damage. Anthracycline dose-response curves are characterized by an initial shoulder, followed by exponential decrease in survival with increasing dose. The shoulder portion of such curves may indicate the accumulation of sublethal damage. We used two assays to look for evidence of regulation of anthracycline sensitivity by HC or ATRA; the clonogenic assay for blast stem cells detects drug effects on this crucial population, but only after several days on incubation, during which time repair might occur. Measurements of nicks in DNA show damage in the bulk population of cells, but these can be detected very soon after exposure to drug. Both methods showed the HC protected cells in two continuous cell lines (OCI/AML-2 and OCI/AML-5) while ATRA made the cells more sensitive. Blast cells freshly-obtained from six AML patients were also tested. Both assays showed HC protection and ATRA sensitization in three populations. The clonogenic assay detected both effects in cells from a fourth patient; the nicked DNA assay confirmed both effects in a fifth patient, where the results of the clonogenic assay did not reach statistical significance. Neither ATRA nor HC influenced the sensitivity of blasts from a sixth patient; but these cells were highly resistant to drug. Kinetic studies showed that damage persisted longer after treatment with anthracyclines than with ara-C. OCI/AML-2 cells treated with HC before drug accumulated fewer cells with nicked DNA after daunorubicin (DNR). Cells exposed to ATRA after DNR showed increased toxicity in kinetic experiments. We conclude that sensitivity to anthracyclines may be regulated by ligands for steroid receptors. Furthermore, since growth factors do not regulate anthracyclines' sensitivity, different mechanisms may be operative for the action of ligands for cell surface receptors. Finally, we suggest that retinoic acid might be considered for inclusion in standard anthracycline/ara-C regimens for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Yang
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Canada
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29
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Yang GS, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Influence of schedule on regulated sensitivity of AML blasts to cytosine arabinoside. Leukemia 1993; 7:1012-9. [PMID: 7686602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory molecules that affect the growth culture of blast cells from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may also alter drug sensitivity, a phenomenon that may be called regulated drug sensitivity. Previous studies have shown: (i) blast cells exposed to retinoic acid before cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) usually show increased sensitivity, but after some retinoic acid exposure times, sensitivity may be decreased; (ii) factor-sensitive or responsive blasts cultured with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are regularly more Ara-C-sensitive than when cultured with granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF). This paper is concerned with the effects of schedule on drug sensitivity as regulated by either retinoic acid or the myelopoietic growth factors, G-CSF and GM-CSF. We measured the effects of retinoic acid on the sensitivity of blasts cells from the two continuous AML lines to Ara-C or arabinofuranosyl 5-azacytosine (Ara-AC). Cells from seven patients with AML were tested for Ara-C sensitivity in conjunction with retinoic acid. The cells were treated with retinoic acid before or after administration of the drug. Both increases and decreases in Ara-C sensitivity were seen for both schedules. Consistent increases in Ara-C sensitivity were obtained when retinoic acid was included in the methylcellulose cultures used to determine clonogenic cell recovery at each drug dose. In studies of growth factors, a single factor-dependent cell line (OCI/AML-5) was used to compare the effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF on Ara-C sensitivity. An experimental design was used that permitted factors to present in culture for 24 h before Ara-C, during the next 24 h period with the drug, for a subsequent day in suspension without drug, and during the 5-7 days required for colony formation in methylcellulose cultures. G-CSF and GM-CSF were most effective in increasing or decreasing Ara-C, respectively, when the factor under test was included in the methylcellulose cultures. Thus, like retinoic acid, growth factors influenced drug sensitivity when they were present after the drug had been removed. These data, therefore, are compatible with the hypothesis that repair mechanism may contribute to regulated drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Yang
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Tohda S, Yang GS, Ashman LK, McCulloch EA, Minden MD. Relationship between c-Kit expression and proliferation in acute myeloblastic leukemia cell lines. J Cell Physiol 1993; 154:410-8. [PMID: 7678840 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041540225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed that the transmembrane receptor encoded by the c-Kit protooncogene and its ligand play an important role in regulating the proliferation of blasts cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). To test this hypothesis, immunobeads were used to separate blasts from three Kit-expression positive cell lines into strongly Kit-protein positive and weakly Kit-protein positive fractions. The strongly positive fraction had greater proliferative potential than the weakly positive fraction as assessed both by colony-formation in methylcellulose and growth of clonogenic cells in suspension. The reproducibility of the percentage of each blast population found in the strongly and weakly positive fractions provided evidence that Kit-protein expression is regulated. Kinetic experiments provided evidence for reversible transitions between strong and weak Kit protein expression. Thus regulated expression of the Kit receptor may be a mechanism for controlling blast cell growth in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tohda
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
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31
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Koistinen P, Wang C, Yang GS, Wang YF, Williams DE, Lyman SD, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. OCI/AML-4 an acute myeloblastic leukemia cell line: regulation and response to cytosine arabinoside. Leukemia 1991; 5:704-11. [PMID: 1715961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the properties of a continuous cell line derived from the blast cells of a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), secondary to the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. The line grows slowly without stimulation but responds to interleukin-3 (IL-3), GM-CSF and mast cell growth factor (MGF), a ligand for the receptor encoded by the c-kit oncogene. When OCI/AML-4 cells are exposed to MGF with IL-3 or GM-CSF, additive or synergistic effects are seen. Combinations of MGF and G-CSF, IL-6 or CSF-1 give less growth than MGF alone. OCI/AML-4 cells are sensitive to retinoic acid; a dose related decrease in clonogenic cells is observed when OCI/AML-4 cells are exposed to retinoic acid in suspension culture. OCI/AML-4 cells are sensitive to cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), but the ara-C dose-response curve can be changed by altering the regulatory milieu in suspension culture. The cells are more ara-C sensitive in MGF or G-CSF than in IL-3 or GM-CSF. Following a 24 h exposure to retinoic acid, the ara-C sensitivity increases; in contrast, after a similar exposure to hydrocortisone, the cells become less ara-C sensitive. These changes in ara-C sensitivity occur in cells that are actively making DNA, as indicated by the reduction in colony formation after exposure to tritiated thymidine. Since OCI/AML-4 cells respond to many of the regulators that affect the growth of freshly obtained AML blast cells, it is proposed that this cell line may be useful for the study of regulation on AML in general and the interaction between different regulators in particular.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Interleukin-6/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/physiopathology
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Stem Cell Factor
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/physiology
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32
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Yang GS, Wang C, Minkin S, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Hydrocortisone in culture protects the blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia from the lethal effects of cytosine arabinoside. J Cell Physiol 1991; 148:60-7. [PMID: 1860896 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041480108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) respond to many of the same regulatory mechanisms that control normal hemopoiesis. These include the growth factors that bind to membrane receptors and steroid hormones or vitamins that have intracellular receptors. We report the effects in culture of the steroid glucocorticoid hydrocortisone on freshly explanted AML blasts from patients and on two continuous AML cell lines. Only small changes in clonogenic cell numbers in suspension cultures were seen in the presence of hydrocortisone. The most striking effect of the hormone was on the sensitivity of blasts cells to cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). In contrast to the response of AML blast cells to retinoic acid, a ligand for intracellular steroid receptors that sensitizes some blast populations to ara-C, hydrocortisone reduced the toxic effects of the drug. The protective action of hydrocortisone was not mediated through the cell cycle since exposure of blasts to hydrocortisone did not affect the percentage of cells in DNA synthesis as measured with the tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) "suicide" technique. The hydrocortisone effect could be demonstrated using a pulse (20 min) exposure protocol. Blasts pulsed with increasing specific activities of 3HTdR showed the usual response pattern with an initial loss in plating efficiency to about 50% of control, followed by a plateau, regardless of whether the cells had been exposed to hydrocortisone. Control blasts exposed to increasing ara-C concentrations gave very similar dose-response curves; in striking contrast, blast cells cultured in hydrocortisone, then pulsed with ara-C did not lose colony-forming ability even though the same population was sensitive to 3HTdR. The hydrocortisone effect was dose and time related; protection from ara-C increased from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M and was seen after 4 hr exposure but required 8 hr to reach a maximum. We conclude that hydrocortisone can protect blasts from the lethal effects of ara-C even while the cells are in active DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Yang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
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33
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Wang C, Koistinen P, Yang GS, Williams DE, Lyman SD, Minden MD, McCulloch EA. Mast cell growth factor, a ligand for the receptor encoded by c-kit, affects the growth in culture of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1991; 5:493-9. [PMID: 1711640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The c-kit proto-oncogene encodes a transmembrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase internal domain. C-kit has been mapped to the W locus in the mouse, and the gene encoding the ligand has been shown to be the product of the murine SI locus. Previous genetic studies have shown that the murine W and SI loci play important roles in the normal function of hemopoietic stem cells. As these stem cells have been identified as the origins of abnormal clones in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), a study was begun of c-kit in AML. By Northern blot analysis, it was shown that all of 21 blast populations from AML patients were kit expression positive, but some AML cell lines did not transcribe detectable c-kit mRNA. This study is now extended to the responses of freshly obtained AML cells and cell lines to the ligand, mast-cell growth factor (MGF). In culture, fresh cells usually responded to added ligand with increases in both self-renewal and terminal divisions. The most obvious effects were seen when MGF was combined with either IL-3 or G-CSF. The response of cell lines to MGF mirrored their expression of c-kit; expression positive lines responded in culture with patterns similar to those seen for fresh cells. C-kit expression negative cells did not respond to MGF. RNA prepared from the cells giving rise to one such line, OCI/AML-5, was available for study. mRNA for c-kit could not be detected in this RNA sample by Northern blot analysis or the polymerase chain reaction. Thus the heterogeneity found in AML blast populations extends to the involvement of c-kit and its ligand in growth regulation, although blast populations without this regulatory apparatus appear to be rare.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Division
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogenes
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Stem Cell Factor
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Yang GS. [Portacaval shunt associated with arterialization of portal vein: an experimental study in cirrhotic rats]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1983; 21:724-7. [PMID: 6676026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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