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Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Brizzi MF. Retraction Note to: MIR221/MIR222-driven post-transcriptional regulation of P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 is crucial for high-glucose- and AGE-mediated vascular cell damage. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1236. [PMID: 29427236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors are retracting this article [1]. Following publication, concerns were raised with respect to some of the western blots and the authors were asked to supply the original unmodified blots.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Trombetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - P Dentelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - M F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Togliatto G, Dentelli P, Gili M, Gallo S, Deregibus C, Biglieri E, Iavello A, Santini E, Rossi C, Solini A, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Obesity reduces the pro-angiogenic potential of adipose tissue stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) by impairing miR-126 content: impact on clinical applications. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:102-11. [PMID: 26122028 PMCID: PMC4722244 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Soluble factors and cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial tissue repair mediators in cell-based therapy. In the present study, we investigate the therapeutic impact of EVs released by adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) recovered from obese subjects' visceral and subcutaneous tissues. METHODS ASCs were recovered from 10 obese (oASCs) and 6 non-obese (nASCs) participants and characterized. In selected experiments, nASCs and oASCs were cultured with palmitic acid (PA) or high glucose (HG), respectively. EVs from obese (oEVs) and non-obese (nEVs) subjects' visceral and subcutaneous ASCs were collected after ultracentrifugation and analyzed for their cargo: microRNA-126 (miR-126), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and for their biological effects on endothelial cells (ECs). Western blotting analysis and loss- and gain-of function experiments were performed. RESULTS oEVs show impaired angiogenic potential compared with nEVs. This effect depends on EV cargo: reduced content of VEGF, MMP-2 and, more importantly, miR-126. We demonstrate, using gain- and loss-of-function experiments, that this reduced miR-126 content leads to Spred1 upregulation and the inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in ECs. We also show that PA treatment of nASCs translates into the release of EVs that recapitulate oEV cargo. Moreover, HG treatment of oASCs further reduces miR-126 EV content and EV-mediated in vitro angiogenesis. Finally, impaired pro-angiogenic potential is also detected in EVs released from obese subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived ASCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that obesity impacts on EV pro-angiogenic potential and may raise concerns about the use of adipose tissue-derived EVs in cell-based therapy in the obese setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Dentelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gili
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Gallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Biglieri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Iavello
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Solini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Dentelli P, Barale C, Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Olgasi C, Gili M, Riganti C, Toppino M, Brizzi MF. A diabetic milieu promotes OCT4 and NANOG production in human visceral-derived adipose stem cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:173-84. [PMID: 23064289 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Successful outcomes have been obtained by exploiting adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. NADPH oxidase (NOX)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to control stem cell self-renewal. Several high glucose (HG)-mediated effects depend on NOX-generated ROS. In this study, we investigated whether, and how mechanistically, HG concentrations control ASC fate in patients with diabetes. METHODS ASCs from the visceral adipose tissue of non-diabetic (N-ASCs) and diabetic participants (D-ASCs), identified by surface markers, were counted and evaluated for ROS generation and stem cell properties. Their ability to release soluble factors was assessed by BioPlex analysis. To reproduce an in vitro diabetic glucose milieu, N-ASCs were cultured in HG (25 mmol/l) or normal glucose (NG) concentration (5 mmol/l), as control. ASC pluripotency was assessed by in vitro study. The p47(phox) NOX subunit, AKT and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4; also known as POU5F1) were knocked down by small-interfering RNA technology. Stem-cell features were evaluated by sphere cluster formation. RESULTS The ASC number was higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic controls. Production of OCT4 and NANOG, stem-cell-specific transcription factors, was upregulated in D-ASCs compared with N-ASCs. Moreover, we found that ROS production and AKT activation drove D-ASC, but not N-ASC, secretion. When N-ASCs were cultured in vitro in the presence of HG, they also expressed OCT4/NANOG and formed spheres. By knock-down of the p47(phox) NOX subunit, AKT and OCT4 we demonstrated that NOX-generated ROS and their downstream signals are crucial for HG-mediated ASC de-differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We herein provide a rationale for exploiting D-ASCs in regenerative medicine and/or exploiting HG preconditioning to increase ASCs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dentelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Brizzi MF. MIR221/MIR222-driven post-transcriptional regulation of P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 is crucial for high-glucose- and AGE-mediated vascular cell damage. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1930. [PMID: 21461636 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and act on their target mRNAs in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner. Herein, the relevance of MIR221/MIR222 in high-glucose- and AGE-mediated vascular damage was investigated. METHODS Functional studies were performed using human mature endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells subjected to high glucose or AGE. Quantitative real-time amplification was performed to analyse MIR221/MIR222 expression in these experimental conditions. Luciferase assay was used to identify MIR221/MIR222 targets. Functional studies were performed in vitro and in vivo in mice using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. RESULTS Using an in vivo mouse model we demonstrated that exposure to AGE and high glucose impaired vessel formation. Moreover, in vitro functional studies revealed that both high glucose and AGE inhibit cell-cycle progression by modulating the expression of P27KIP1 (also known as CDKN1B) and P57KIP2 (also known as CDKN1C), which encode cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) (P27KIP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2) (P57KIP2), respectively. Crucial to AGE- and high-glucose-mediated cell-cycle arrest was the downregulation of MIR221/MIR222 expression. Luciferase assay showed that MIR221 and MIR222 specifically bind to the P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 mRNA 3'-untranslated regions, implicating P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 as MIR221/MIR222 targets. These results were confirmed by gain-of-function experiments in vitro, and by injecting mice with endothelial cells overexpressing MIR221 and MIR222. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide evidence that high-glucose- and AGE-induced inhibition of vascular cell proliferation is controlled by MIR221/MIR222-driven post-transcriptional regulation of P27KIP1 and P57KIP2. These data add further insight to the possible contribution of miRNAs in vascular damage mediated by a high-glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Togliatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Trombetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - P Dentelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Rosso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - M F Brizzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Brizzi MF. MIR221/MIR222-driven post-transcriptional regulation of P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 is crucial for high-glucose- and AGE-mediated vascular cell damage. Diabetologia 2011. [PMID: 21461636 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2125 -5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and act on their target mRNAs in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner. Herein, the relevance of MIR221/MIR222 in high-glucose- and AGE-mediated vascular damage was investigated. METHODS Functional studies were performed using human mature endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells subjected to high glucose or AGE. Quantitative real-time amplification was performed to analyse MIR221/MIR222 expression in these experimental conditions. Luciferase assay was used to identify MIR221/MIR222 targets. Functional studies were performed in vitro and in vivo in mice using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. RESULTS Using an in vivo mouse model we demonstrated that exposure to AGE and high glucose impaired vessel formation. Moreover, in vitro functional studies revealed that both high glucose and AGE inhibit cell-cycle progression by modulating the expression of P27KIP1 (also known as CDKN1B) and P57KIP2 (also known as CDKN1C), which encode cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) (P27KIP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2) (P57KIP2), respectively. Crucial to AGE- and high-glucose-mediated cell-cycle arrest was the downregulation of MIR221/MIR222 expression. Luciferase assay showed that MIR221 and MIR222 specifically bind to the P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 mRNA 3'-untranslated regions, implicating P27KIP1 and P57KIP2 as MIR221/MIR222 targets. These results were confirmed by gain-of-function experiments in vitro, and by injecting mice with endothelial cells overexpressing MIR221 and MIR222. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide evidence that high-glucose- and AGE-induced inhibition of vascular cell proliferation is controlled by MIR221/MIR222-driven post-transcriptional regulation of P27KIP1 and P57KIP2. These data add further insight to the possible contribution of miRNAs in vascular damage mediated by a high-glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Togliatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Trombetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - P Dentelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - A Rosso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - M F Brizzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Rota A, Pastorin L, Passone L, Orrù D, Togliatto G, Baldassar AM, Benso L. [The sitting height of Turin females. 6/12-year-olds in the 1976-77 school year. II]. Minerva Pediatr 1984; 36:97-9. [PMID: 6727816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Benso L, Bosco M, Papino F, Togliatto G, Wyss V. [Frequency of cryptorchism in several regions of Piedmont]. Minerva Pediatr 1982; 34:545-7. [PMID: 6127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Papino F, Togliatto G, Pastorin L, Passone C, Rota A, Benso L. [Age determination by bone using the Roche method]. Minerva Pediatr 1981; 33:141-2. [PMID: 7242488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nalin A, Pastorin L, Rota A, Passone C, Cavazzuti GB, Nicandro A, Orrù D, Togliatto G, Benso L. [Auxological aspects of mental deficiency]. Minerva Pediatr 1981; 33:55-66. [PMID: 7242478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nigro N, Togliatto G. [Immunological studies of the relation between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bronchiolitis]. Minerva Pediatr 1981; 33:47-8. [PMID: 7242476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Giacchino M, Nigro N, Togliatto G, Pastorin L, Rota A, Orrù D, Benso L. [Evaluation of HGH secretion. Comparison of the Bovril and ITT tests]. Minerva Pediatr 1980; 32:853-4. [PMID: 7015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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