Association of oxidative stress and Kashin-Beck disease integrated Meta and Bioinformatics analysis

OBJECTIVE

To explore the association between oxidative stress (OS) and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).

METHODS

Terms associated with "KBD" and "OS" were searched in the six different databases up to October 2021. Stata 14.0 was used to pool the means and standard deviations using random-effect or fixed-effect model. The differentially expressed genes in the articular chondrocytes of KBD were identified, the OS related genes were identified by blasting with the GeneCards. The KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using STRING.

RESULTS

The pooled SMD and 95% CI showed hair selenium (-4.59; -6.99, -2.19), blood selenium (-1.65; -2.86, -0.44) and glutathione peroxidases (-4.15; -6.97, -1.33) levels were decreased in KBD, whereas the malondialdehyde (1.12; 0.60, 1.64), nitric oxide (2.29; 1.31, 3.27), nitric oxide synthase (1.07; 0.81, 1.33) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (1.69; 0.62, 2.77) were increased compared with external controls. Meanwhile, hair selenium (-2.71; -5.32, -0.10) and glutathione peroxidases (-1.00; -1.78, -0.22) in KBD were decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde (1.42; 1.04, 1.80), nitric oxide (3.08; 1.93, 4.22) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (0.81; 0.00, 1.61) were elevated compared with internal controls. Enrichment analysis revealed apoptosis was significantly correlated with KBD. The significant biological processes revealed OS induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. The cellular component of OS located in the mitochondrial outer membrane.

CONCLUSIONS

The OS levels in KBD were significantly increased because of selenium deficiency, OS mainly occurred in mitochondrial outer membrane, released of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and induced apoptotic signaling pathway.

Effective adsorption of antimony (V) from contaminated water by a novel composite manganese oxide/oxyhydroxide as an adsorbent

To obtain an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for the Sb(V) removal in Sb(V)-contaminated water, a novel composite manganese oxide/oxyhydroxide (CMO) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The results revealed that the as-prepared CMO adsorbent possessed a porous structure consisting of Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles and MnOOH nanorods. Batch experiments showed that the adsorption behaviours were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, reaching the maximum adsorption capacity of 119.63 mg/g at 25 °C. The application of CMO adsorbent showed that the Sb(V) removal efficiency in 6.24 L Sb(V)-containing water with a concentration of 3.6 mg/L was more than 90%. The reusability of CMO adsorbent demonstrated that the Sb(V) removal efficiency was still more than 80% even after five times of regeneration. The adsorption mechanism for Sb(V) can be described as ligand exchange between hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface and hydroxyl groups in Sb(OH)₆^- molecules by forming inner-sphere complexes. Those results suggested that the CMO adsorbent can be considered as a potential adsorbent to remove Sb(V) from contaminated water.

[Threshold effects of body mass index on the bone mineral density of Chinese rural women in fluorosis area]

To explore the threshold effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women living in the fluorosis area, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas in Henan Province, China. After detection and analyses, we found that compared with the normal BMI group, the risk of osteoporosis in the overweight and obese groups were reduced by 32% and 69%, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI when BMI was 16.8-31.2 kg/m²; while when BMI was greater than 31.2 kg/m², the correlation reached saturation. The correlation observed between low-to-moderate fluoride exposure and BMD in rural women was not significant.

[The role of abnormal mitochondrial fusion and fission in PBDE-47-induced change in mitochondrial mass in PC12 cells]

Objective: To investigate the effect of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) on the mitochondrial mass in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the potential mechanisms. Methods: Highly differentiated PC12 cells were divided into control, 1, 10 or 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups and cultured for 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the changes in mitochondrial morphology and quantity in PC12 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure the fluorescence intensity of Nonyl Acridine Orange (NAO) , a fluorescent indicator of mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin, to reflect mitochondria mass. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of Mitofusion 1 (Mfn1) and Fission 1 (Fis1) proteins. To further explore the role of abnormal mitochondrial fusion and fission in PBDE-47-induced mitochondrial mass changes, PC12 cells were divided into control group, 5 μmol/L M1 treatment group, 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 treatment group and 5 μmol/L M1+20 μmol/L PBDE-47 combined treatment group and cultured for 24 h, then the fluorescence intensity of NAO and expression levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins were detected. Results: The control group showed numerous mitochondria with normal morphology, while the number of mitochondria decreased after PBDE-47 treatment. Especially, the disappeared cristae, swelling and vacuoles of mitochondria and decreased fluorescence intensity of NAO (P<0.05) were observed in 10 and 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups. Meanwhile, the expression levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins in the 10 and 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05) . However, 5 μmol/L M1 co-treatment with 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 significantly increased the levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins and fluorescence intensity of NAO compared with the 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: PBDE-47 can inhibit the mitochondrial fusion and fission process, thus leading to damage of mitochondria mass in PC12 cells.

Studies on the interference of ganciclovir to HCV liver fibrosis

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the significance of the combined treatment with ganciclovir and interferon for patients with hepatitis C (HCV) liver fibrosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively summarize 86 patients with hepatitis C treated in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2015. 49 cases, considered as control group, received combined treatment with α-interferon and ribavirin; 37 cases, considered as observation group, received combined treatment with ganciclovir and interferon. The changes of liver fibrosis, viral replication and liver function of both groups were compared for two weeks and six months.

RESULTS

The levels of sera hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type IV collagen (IVC) and type III procollagen (PIII NP) of both groups were reduced after treatment, and the observation group improved more significantly (p <0.05). Compared to the rate of antigen-positive after treatment and HCV copy number before and after treatment, the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the control group increased after treatment, compared with that before. This was done along with the decrease of the level of albumin. By contrast, the level of ALT in the observation group was reduced and the level of albumin was increased compared with that before (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Ganciclovir combined with interferon may further reduce the fibrosis process of patients with hepatitis C, and may improve liver function. The effect of antiviral was similar as ganciclovir combined with Interferon was comparatively good applied, safety and effectiveness.

Pilot study of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

BACKGROUND

DNA methylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergy and atopy. This study aimed to identify whether DNA methylation also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps (NP).

METHODOLOGY

NP tissues were obtained from 32 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with bilateral NP. Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa (ITM) were taken from 18 patients who underwent rhinoseptoplasty (control group). The methylated genes, which were detected by DNA methylation microarray, were validated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, bisulphite sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

DNA methylation microarray identified 8,008 CpG islands in 2,848 genes. One hundred and ninety-eight genes were found to have a methylated signal in the promoter region in NP samples compared with ITM samples. The four top genes that changed, COL18A1, EP300, GNAS and SMURF1, were selected for further study. The methylation frequency of COL18A1 was significantly higher in NP samples than in ITM samples.

CONCLUSIONS

DNA methylation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NP. Promoter methylation of COL18A1 was found to be significantly increased in NP tissues, further studies are necessary to confirm the significance of these epigenetic factors in the mechanisms underlying the development or persistence of NP.

Ultrafast Dynamics Evidence of High Temperature Superconductivity in Single Unit Cell FeSe on SrTiO_{3}

We report the time-resolved excited state ultrafast dynamics of single unit cell (1 UC) thick FeSe films on SrTiO_{3} (STO), with FeTe capping layers. By measuring the photoexcited quasiparticles' density and lifetime, we unambiguously identify a superconducting (SC) phase transition, with a transition temperature T_{c} of 68 (-5/+2)  K and a SC gap of Δ(0)=20.2±1.5  meV. The obtained electron-phonon coupling strength λ is as large as 0.48, demonstrating the likely crucial role of electron-phonon coupling in the high temperature superconductivity of the 1 UC FeSe on STO systems. We further find a 0.05 THz coherent acoustic phonon branch in the capping layer, which provides an additional decay channel to the gluing bosons.

Study of the correlation between growth hormone deficiency and serum leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin levels in adults

We aimed to determine the significance and changes in leptin, adiponectin (ADP), and visfatin levels in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Forty adults (19 men, 21 women) who had been diagnosed with GHD comprised the observation group, while 36 healthy adults (18 men, 18 women) were used as the control group. Fasting venous blood was collected to detect leptin, ADP, and visfatin levels. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the GHD group and the control group in terms of gender ratio, age, and body mass index. The waist-to-hip ratio (0.894 ± 0.061 vs 0.830 ± 0.481), cholesterol (4.99 ± 1.046 vs 4.18 ± 0.683), triglyceride (1.97 ± 1.428 vs 1.08 ± 0.403), LDL (2.91 ± 0.980 vs 2.29 ± 0.540), leptin (3.00 ± 1.233 vs 1.89 ± 1.554), ADP (15.26 ± 6.449 vs 10.24 ± 7.608), and visfatin levels (10.42 ± 3.715 vs 5.87 ± 3.90) in the GHD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of growth hormone (1.68 ± 1.67 vs 15.53 ± 6.23), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, 22.64 ± 16.41 vs 61.85 ± 28.48), IGF-binding protein-3 (4889 ± 2962 vs 6866 ± 3823), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (1.466 ± 1.804 vs 6.000 ± 2.767) in the GHD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that leptin level was positively correlated to ADP and visfatin in both the GHD and control groups and negatively correlated to IGF-1 (r = 0.332, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that leptin, ADP, and visfatin were independent risk factors for adults with GHD.

dCTP pyrophosphohydrase exhibits nucleic accumulation in multiple carcinomas

Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTP-PPase) functions as one of the mechanisms to guarantee the fidelity of DNA replication through the cleavage of non-canonical nucleotides into di- or monophosphates. Human NTP-PPase is poorly understood and investigated. In the present study, by using tissue microarrays with the paired cancer and adjacent regions, we found that with the prevalent expression of dCTP pyrophosphohydrase (DCTPP1) in the cytosol and nucleus in tumors investigated, DCTPP1 was inclined to accumulate in the nucleus of cancer cells compared to the paired adjacent tissue cells in multiple carcinomas including lung, breast, liver, cervical, gastric and esophagus cancer. More significantly, the higher DCTPP1 expression in the nucleus of lung, gastric and esophagus cancer cells was associated with histological subtypes. The nucleic accumulation of DCTPP1 was apparently observed as well when tumor cell line MCF-7 was treated with H₂O₂in vitro. Considering the roles of DCTPP1 on restricting the concentration of non-canonical nucleotides in the nucleotide pool, accumulation of DCTPP1 in the nucleus of tumor cells might suffice for maintaining the proper DNA replication in order to fulfill the requirement for the survival and proliferation of tumor cells.

The molecular mechanism of microRNA-145 to suppress invasion-metastasis cascade in gastric cancer

Invasion and metastasis are the major features of malignant tumors that are responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Recently, microRNAs have been discovered to have a role in suppressing tumor metastasis. This study's aim was to clarify the roles of miR-145 in gastric carcinomas and its underlying molecular mechanism in regulating tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrate a stepwise downregulation of miR-145 level in nontumorous gastric mucosa, primary gastric cancers and their secondary metastases. In vitro analysis of miR-145's ectopic expression and loss-of-function suggests that it suppresses gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. In vivo spontaneous metastasis and experimental metastasis assay further confirm its function in suppressing the invasion-metastasis cascade, including impairing local invasion and inhibiting hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancers. Furthermore, we identified a novel mechanism of miR-145 to suppress metastasis. N-cadherin (CDH2) was proved to be a direct target of miR-145, using luciferase assay and western blot. Re-expressing N-cadherin in miR-145-transfected cells reverses their migration and invasion defects. Although not a direct target of miR-145, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), but not MMP2, was also significantly decreased in miR-145-expressing cells. We suggest that miR-145 suppresses tumor metastasis by inhibiting N-cadherin protein translation, and then indirectly downregulates its downstream effector MMP9.

A liquid-filled tunable double-focus microlens

A novel microlens design with tunable double-focus is presented. It is fabricated by adding only one SU-8 photolithography step to the well-developed liquid-filled microlens fabrication process. The thickness of this layer determines the thickness difference between the central and peripheral region of the membrane, the deformation of which is used to define the surface profile of the microlens. The stepped thickness variation is finally manifested as the difference in deformation contour at two different regions of the membrane when subjected to uniform applied pressure, thereby causing two focal lengths to appear. Experimental and simulation results are presented, from which the tunability of the focal lengths of the double-focus microlens is demonstrated to be effective over a wide range through combining the structural design with pressure control. The successful demonstration of this unconventional microlens design concept will potentially extend t application of liquid-filled microlens technology.

Selection of antisense oligonucleotides for reversal of multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma cells

BACKGROUND

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. In the present study, six regions of the mdr1 gene associated with transcription control or translation initiation were selected as targets. Six antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN; AS1-AS6) complementary to the corresponding sequence of the mdr1 gene were synthesized to investigate whether or not blocking the transcription control sites with ASODN could reverse MDR and which ASODN had the best efficiency for reversing MDR in breast carcinoma cells.

METHODS

Forty-eight hours after transfection, mdr1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) were determined by RT-PCR, flow cytometry and Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) retention assay. The chemosensitivity of the treated cells was evaluated by MTT assay.

RESULTS

A significant reduction in expression of mdr1 mRNA and Pgp was found in four groups (AS1, AS3, AS5 and AS6), accompanying a dysfunction of Pgp. The lowest levels of mdr1 index and Pgp expression were observed in the AS6 group. MTT assay showed that a significant reduction of drug resistance was found in the four groups, especially in the AS6 group, which showed an 8.4-fold reduction in drug resistance for adriamycin and a 10.5-fold reduction in drug resistance for vinblastine.

DISCUSSION

These data suggest that the MDR phenotype of breast carcinoma cells could be reversed by ASODN complementary to the transcription control site or translation initiation region. AS6, which is complementary to the translation initiation codon (ATG) of mdr1 cDNA, has the best reversal efficiency.

Suppression of glucosylceramide synthase by RNA interference reverses multidrug resistance in human breast cancer cells

Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), the enzyme that converts ceramide to glucosylceramide, induce multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful strategy for gene therapy by introducing double-stranded RNA and leading to the sequence-specific destruction. We have designed two different short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting GCS and introduced them into adriamycin- resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/AdrR cells) to inhibit GCS expression. The results demonstrated that the shRNAs targeting GCS decreased GCS mRNA, abolished GCS protein levels and restored the sensitivity of MCF-7/AdrR cells to several antineoplastic drugs. This study revealed that this approach can reverse MDR effectively and it may be applicable to cancer patients as a specific means to restore the sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Modulation of BCRP mediated atypical multidrug resistance phenotype by RNA interference

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancers is one of the major causes of failure of chemotherapy. The emergence of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ABC transporter family, has necessitated the development of antagonists. To overcome the BCRP-mediated atypical multidrug drug resistance, two small interfering RNA constructs (RNAi) targeting two different regions of BCRP mRNA were designed to inhibit the atypical MDR expression by transfecting them into MCF-7/MX100 cell lines. The multidrug resistance index to mitoxantrone and the intensity of mitoxantrone fluorescence of MCF-7/MX100 decreased after transfected by pSUPER-BCRP-A and pSUPER-BCRP-B respectively; the BCRP mRNA level and the BCRP protein level of MCF-7/MX100 decreased after treated with pSUPER-BCRPs. The two constructed RNAi plasmids could reverse the atypical mutidrug resistance mediated by BCRP, but neither can reversed it completely, this may be due to low transfection efficiency and transient transfection.

[Comparative research on mixed and 488 nm argon laser PDT for port wine stain]

OBJECTIVE

In order to search a safer argon laser photodynamic method, this study used 488 nm wavelength and common mixed spectrum argon laser PDT for treating Port Wine Stain. The therapeutic effects and side effect were compared.

METHODS

Fifty two cases of PWS were divided into two groups randomly. Argon laser PDT by two ways of laser irradiation were used.

RESULTS

Our data revealed 19.23% cure rate in 488 nm laser PDT group, while that of mixed wavelength laser group was 11.54%. There was no significant difference in the two groups. Also the effective rate of 488 nm laser group was 92.31% and that of mixed group was 88.46%. But the difference was not significant statistically. Side effect occurred often in mixed spectrum laser group. That was 57.69% for mixed group, 38.46% for 488 nm group.

CONCLUSION

Argon laser PDT at 488 nm had the similar therapeutic result contrasted to mixed spectrum laser group, but it was safe.

[Preliminary clinical study on krypton laser photodynamic therapy for PWS]

OBJECTIVES

In order to explore an ideal PWS treatment, which could destroy the capillary of lesion without any damage to skin. Based on principle of improving elective therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy, new Krypton laser PDT was introduced to this preliminary clinical trial.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The absorptive spectrum was measured on photosensitizer PsD-007. The therapeutic laser dosage and result and side effect were surveyed. Twenty cases of PWS were randomly selected by means of self-control. 413 nm wavelength laser PDT was carried on those patients. Lesion responses were investigated at different phases after treatment. More attention was paid to the result and side effect. Biopsy was taken from one case.

RESULTS

PsD-007 has the soret peak at 408 nm. There was purplish reaction within a week, which disappeared spontaneously within two months. Lesion blanch with neither weeping soakage nor scar formation. All cases got dramatically blanch of lesions. Histological finding revealed red blood cells leaking through broken vessels, while dermal remained normal.

CONCLUSION

413 nm Krypton laser PDT had target elective effect, which had satisfactory result. It suggested good potential plication.

[Derma spectrometer measurement for port wine stain]

OBJECTIVE

Twenty cases of PWS were measured by means of Derma Spectrometer with the goal of estimating PWS condition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty patients of PWS were chosen randomly in this study. Derma Spectrometer was used to detect lesion and control sides pre- and post- laser treatment.

RESULTS

The mean normal skin's M-Index was (36.18+/-6.45)%, E-Index was (1.39+/-4.85)%. Lesion's M-Index and E-Index were (44.85+/- 6.61)%, (13.05+/-6.30)%. Lesion's M-Index and E-Index after one treatment were (41.00+/-5.30)% and (9.04+/-4.98)%. Significant difference existed between normal and lesion's M-Index. Also there were difference among normal skin, lesion and lesion treated.

CONCLUSION

There is difference between normal and lesion M-Index. But none for lesion and lesion treated. Different E-Index were among normal skin, lesion and treated lesion. The E-Index was decreased at treated lesion. It suggested blanch of PWS after laser treatment. Derma spectrometer has the role of evaluation of PWS.

[Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemistry study]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relation between histopathological feature, clinical behavior characters, immunoglobulin (Ig) secretory function and prognosis of the extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the head and neck.

METHOD

12 cases of EMP in the head and neck region were studied retrospectively. The clinicopathological records from January, 1977 to December, 1996 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for detecting intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin kappa (IgG kappa) and lambda (IgG lambda) were carried out.

RESULT

10 cases of the patients were male and 2 female; Their ages ranged from 32 to 67 years with an average of 57 years. The tumors were located in the nasosinus (6), nasopharynx (2), Larynx (3) and ear (1). Low-(I), intermediate (II) and high-grade (III) tumors were 3, 3 and 6 cases respectively. Two patients with EMP of nasopharynx were treated with radiotherapy, in others radiotherapy was administered after complete surgical resection. Follow-up time ranged from 10 to 76 months. IHC showed monoclonality of the plasma cell and was positive for IgG lambda (6 cases) and IgG kappa (6 cases, conferming the identical clonal origin of the plasma cells. The 5-year survival for grade I, II and III were 75.0%, 62.0% and 37.6%, 37.5% and 68.50% for IgG lambda positive and IgG kappa positive cases, respectively. There are statistically significance between them (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

EMP in head and neck region are rare plasma cell tumors. IHC play an important role in differential diagnosis. The combination of surgery and radiotherapy proved to be an adequate and effective treatment. The grading and IgG secretory function may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of EMP.

[Application of Continuous Wave Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation in the Management of Cavernous Hemangioma of Deep Oral-Maxillofacial Regions]

OBJECTIVE:Based on our previous clinical report of Nd:YAG laser irradiation as the means for deeling with cavernous hemangioma in deep oral-maxillofacial regions, this article detailed futher clinical application of this laser, trying to set up a non-surgical method for treatment of ang ioma. The relationship of laser dosage and therapeutic effect and possible surrounding tissue thermal damages were investigated.METHODS:Clinical study was carried out on 31 cases of deep hemangiomas involving different areas. Nd:YAG laser irradiation was delivered after surgical elevation of the flaps. All cases surveyed a follow up of 1.5 to 3 years.RESULTS:Posttherapeutic clinical and imaging examinations were taken to compare the findings before and after treatment. There are 29 cases with complete regression (93.55%), 2 cases with partial regression (6.45%). No complication occurred.CONCLUSION:Nd:YAG laser irradiation after flap elevation has been confirmed to be a valuable means to treat deep hemangiomas. It has the advantages of target tissue selection and normal tissue preservation, simplified manipulation and less bleeding, fewer complications and hihger successful rate.

[Present-conditions of nutritional knowledge of clinical doctors]

Nutritional knowledge of 184 clinical doctors was investigated by questionnaires. The results showed that clinical doctors did not have enough nutritional knowledge to meet the demands of their work. The doctors grasped fundamental nutritional knowledge better than clinical nutritional knowledge (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the doctors in different groups with different academic degrees, professional titles, work histories, and departments (P > 0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the class hours of nutrition science can be added, the course of clinical nutrition can be offered in medical university, and the nutritional knowledge of clinical doctors can be improved by conducting nutritional science training course.

Protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate against adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in mice hearts in vivo and in vitro

Protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate against adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation were investigated. Data showed that treatment with sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate could prevent mice from decrease in body weight caused by adriamycin. It was found that myocardial lipid peroxidation in sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate-treated mice was lower compared with that in adriamycin-treated ones. The activities of some endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, were higher in the sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate group than that in the adriamycin group. In vitro experiments showed that sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate could inhibit adriamycin-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and swelling. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate could scavenge adriamycin semiquinone free radical in heart homogenate dose-dependently. Thus, protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate may not only be related to its antioxidant activity but also to its regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in the heart.

[Rabbit facial nerve damager after Nd: YAG laser irradiation: an experimental study]

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the change effects of rabbit facial nerve after Nd:YAG laser irradiation.METHODS: According to therapeutic laser energy density,the facial nerves of 28 rabbits were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser with 5 different laser dosages.RESULTS: The facial nerves were functionally intact with mild degeneration histologically at three weeks postoperatively,when the energy density of Nd: YAG laserlaser lower than 70J/cm(2).In the group with energy density of 140J/cm(2),facial nerve density functionally impaired with moderate degeneration which rehabilitated within six weeks. While the laser power increaseed to more than 240J/cm(2),irreversible nerve damages happened.CONCLUSION: laser thermal effect is the main cause of nerve damage,there is a positive correlation between laser dosage and nerve impairment.

[Evaluation of cryosurgery for the management of oral malignant mucomembranous melanoma-A survey of 107 cases reports]

OBJECTIVE:There were 13 cases underwent operation.24 cases underwent cryosurgery only and 70 cases received comprehensive management,which as cryosurgery,operation,chemotherapy and immuno-therapy.RESULTS:The 3'and 5' year survival rate of three groups were 0.0%,0.0%,37.50%,31.25% and 57.14%,36.07%.There are significant differences between operation group and cryosurgery group and between operation group and comprehensive treatment group.Although the third group got the better result,but the difference between late two groups was not statistical significant.CONCLUSION:It is suggested that comprehensive treatment be the routine regime of melanoma in head and neck. Our experience with review of literature covered the classification, surgical principle and complication was presented.

[Surgical approach plus Nd:YAG laser irradiation for the management of hemangioma in deep maxillofacial region]

This article introduces a new method for the management of cavernous hemangioma in deep maxillofacial region.Common surgical approach was carried out to expose the mass of hemangioma,then Nd:YAG laser was irradiated it without tumor removal.Immediatelly shrinking of hemangioma can be seen in all these seven cases.The therapeutic effect was satisfied in 3-12 months follow up.With the basic research of the rabbit facial nerve's Nd:YAG laser injured detecting experiment.We discussed its indication,advantage and interaction between laser and peripheral tissue.Our result shown that this new way is a good method for hemangioma in deep maxillofacial region as its advantages of skin preventing and peripheral normal tissue preserving

[Diagnostic arthroscopy of the Maraca mulatto's TMJ]

To gain further knowledge about features of Maraca mulatto's TMJ,occlusion,and teeth,we underwent examining 4 rhesus monkeys with 8 joints.The same and different features were concluded between Maraca mulatto's anatomical structures and human begins.Afterwards,10 aged rhesus monkeys with 20 joints were examined by TMJ arthroscopy.The results showed that the appearances in 70%(14/20) of the aged were the same as those in human pathologic TMJs. In conclusion,the Maraca mulatto can suffer from the same arthropathy as human being,and it is possible to choose the aged as a natural pathologic model.

Corticotropin-releasing factor modulates basal and stress-induced excitatory amino acid release in the locus coeruleus of conscious rats

The in vivo interactions between corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and excitatory amino acid (EAA) release in the locus coeruleus (LC) were studied. Superfusion of the LC with CRF (0.1 microM) led to a prolonged increase in the release rate of aspartate and, to a lesser extent, of glutamate. The CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF9-41 (1 microM) had no effect on basal EAA release but abolished the enhanced aspartate and glutamate release induced by noise stress (95 dB). Tail pinch-induced EAA release was not influenced by alpha-helical CRF9-41. Results demonstrate a facilitatory action of CRF on in vivo EAA release in the LC. Furthermore, modulation by CRF of stress-induced EAA release in the LC depends on the nature of stress.

Release of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids from the locus coeruleus of conscious rats by cardiovascular stimuli and various forms of acute stress

The release of amino acids in the locus coeruleus (LC) of conscious, freely moving rats was studied in time periods of 3 min by use of push-pull superfusion under basal conditions and during application of various experimental stimuli known to influence the activity of the LC-noradrenergic system. Tail pinch for 3 min led immediately to a pronounced tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in the release rates of the excitatory amino acids (EAA) glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) and to moderate increases in GABA and taurine (Tau) outflow. Immobilization stress for 9 min elevated the release of the EAA Glu and Asp, as well as that of the inhibitory amino acid GABA to a similar extent. A fall of blood pressure (BP) by nitroprusside or haemorrhage slightly enhanced the release rates of Glu and Asp. Noradrenaline-induced rise in BP, as well as hypervolaemia increased the release rate of GABA, but did not influence the release rates of Glu, Asp, Tau and arginine (Arg). The results provide direct evidence that the amino acid release pattern in the LC of conscious rats differs in response to various stimuli, according to the modality of the stimulus. A functional significance of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the regulation of LC activity during stress and haemodynamic changes is suggested.

[A preliminary study of BCG adjuvant therapy in oral and maxillofacial malignant melanoma.]

Malignant melanoma is a kind of tumor with higher malignant and lower therapeutic effect.it is demonstrated by experiment that melanoma cells have antigenicity and refer to immunology.BCG is a kind of biologic response modifier(BRM).it is able to promote physical antitumor ability.There were 42 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant melanoma who received freezing therapy and surgery in this paper.11 cases of them added BCG immunotherapy.The result is that the median survival time of therapy plus BCG group is 4 years,and 3 years,5 years,7 years survival rate are 89%,72% and 32%,over 8 years survival rate is 18%.The median survival time of another group is 2 years,and 3 years,5 years,7 years survival rate are 55%,24% and 12%,over 8 years survival rate is 3%.There is a statistically significant difference between these two groups and BCG group has a longer survival time.This preliminary study demonstrated that BCG adjuvant therapy could decrease recurrence of metastases and increase patients survival time.

[A case-control study on relationship between hepatitis C infection and primary liver cancer]

All the cases and controls emerged from a cohort study held in the past years. They were male, more than 20 years of age at the time of their enrollment into the cohort study, with serum specimens taken and kept at -20 degrees C. Every death of primary liver cancer (PLC), occurred since then, as a 'case' (78 in total), was compared with no more than 4 matched controls chosen from cohort members who were still alive until the last follow-up. ELISA technique was used to test anti-HCV antibodies in the stored serum specimens of the cases and controls. The Results showed that anti-HCV prevalence rates were 33.3% (26/78) of the cases and 15.3% (40/262) of their matched controls, respectively (chi 2 = 11.86, P < 0.01, ORMH = 3.0, PAR% = 23.40%). The results suggest that HCV infection is another important factor in the aetiology of PLC in Guangxi, China. Because the serum specimens tested were drawn years before the occurrence of PLC deaths, our conclusion need not worry about the sequential problem, which occurs in most of other kinds of case-control studies.

Photothermal radiometry probing of scars in the internal surface of a thin metal tube

The principle and equipment of photothermal radiometry probing of scars in the internal surface of a thin metal tube are described. By measuring the amplitude frequency characteristics of the photothermal signal, we calculated the depth of the scars in the internal surface of a sample.

Human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Preparation and use of immobilized p-aminophenylarsenoxide as a catalytic site-directed covalent ligand in enzyme purification

A method is described for the preparation of p-aminophenylarsenoxide-linked carboxymethyl (CM) Bio-Gel A and its use as a specific, catalytic site-directed affinity chromatography ligand in the final stages of the purification of human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (EC 2.3.1.43). Previous mechanistic studies by us demonstrated that phenylarsenoxide derivatives, which are highly specific for vicinal thiols, could inhibit LCAT via a covalent interaction with the sulphydryl groups of the two catalytic cysteine residues and that this inhibition could be rapidly and completely reversed upon addition of 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulphonic acid. The ligand was covalently linked to CM Bio-Gel A activated through an N-hydroxysuccinyl ester formed by N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dry dimethyl sulphoxide; 87% of the added p-aminophenylarsenoxide was coupled to the CM Bio-Gel A in 3 h at 25 degrees C giving 2.3 mg of p-aminophenylarsenoxide per ml of gel. Homogeneous LCAT free of apo A-I, apo E, apo D and albumin was obtained in an 11% yield and purified 15,013-fold overall. A 13-fold purification was obtained by chromatography upon p-aminophenylarsenoxide-CM Bio-Gel A. This method is a useful final step in LCAT purification and will prove valuable in the purification of other proteins and compounds containing vicinal thiols.

[Ultrastructure and immunologic pathology of membranous glomerulonephritis of 91 cases]

91 cases of membranous glomerulonephritis were investigated with light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. The findings indicated that 12 of 91 renal biopsies in membranous glomerulonephritis showed mesangial cell proliferation in various extent. The mesangial cell proliferation, segmental sclerosis and glomerular capillary adhesion to Bowmen's capsule were related to the stages and evolution of membranous glomerulonephritis. Granular immunofluorescence staining for IgG was a consistent finding, but the positive rate of C3 was lower than that of IgG. The relationship of immunofluorescence between different stages of membranous glomerulonephritis was not significant. In some cases, the subepithelial deposits were partially resorbed in stage 2 or stage 3, suggesting that early stage membranous glomerulonephritis could recover or turn to a favorable condition.