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Piñana JL, López-Corral L, Martino R, Vazquez L, Pérez A, Martin-Martin G, Gago B, Sanz-Linares G, Sanchez-Salinas A, Villalon L, Conesa-Garcia V, Olave MT, Corona M, Marcos-Corrales S, Tormo M, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Montoro J, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Risco-Gálvez I, Rodríguez-Belenguer P, Hernandez-Boluda JC, García-Cadenas I, Ruiz-García M, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Solano C, Cedillo Á, Sureda A, Navarro D. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response and rate of breakthrough infection in patients with hematological disorders. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:54. [PMID: 35526045 PMCID: PMC9077637 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to antibody response in immunosuppressed patients such as hematological patients has not yet been established. Patients and methods A prospective multicenter registry-based cohort study conducted from December 2020 to December 2021 by the Spanish transplant and cell therapy group was used to analyze the relationship of antibody response at 3–6 weeks after full vaccination (2 doses) with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1394 patients with hematological disorders. Results At a median follow-up of 165 days after complete immunization, 37 out of 1394 (2.6%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at median of 77 days (range 7–195) after full vaccination. The incidence rate was 6.39 per 100 persons-year. Most patients were asymptomatic (19/37, 51.4%), whereas only 19% developed pneumonia. The mortality rate was 8%. Lack of detectable antibodies at 3–6 weeks after full vaccination was the only variable associated with breakthrough infection in multivariate logistic regression analysis (Odds Ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.2–4.6, p = 0.012). Median antibody titers were lower in cases than in non-cases [1.83 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL (range 0–4854.93) vs 730.81 BAU/mL (range 0–56,800), respectively (p = 0.007)]. We identified 250 BAU/mL as a cutoff above which incidence and severity of the infection were significantly lower. Conclusions Our study highlights the benefit of developing an antibody response in these highly immunosuppressed patients. Level of antibody titers at 3 to 6 weeks after 2-dose vaccination links with protection against both breakthrough infection and severe disease for non-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01275-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Piñana
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucia López-Corral
- Hematology Division, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martino
- Hematology Division, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Vazquez
- Hematology Division, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ariadna Pérez
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Gago
- Hematology Division, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriela Sanz-Linares
- Hematology Division, Institut Català Oncologia-Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Sanchez-Salinas
- Hematology Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucia Villalon
- Hematology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María T Olave
- Hematology Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragon, Saragossa, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Tormo
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Montoro
- Hematology Division, Hospital universitario y politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Rodríguez-Belenguer
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernandez-Boluda
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Solano
- Division of Clinical Hematology, Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Cedillo
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Group (GETH) Office, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Sureda
- Hematology Division, Institut Català Oncologia-Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Fundación INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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