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Almohammadi AT, Radhwi O, AlAhwal H, Barefah A, Bahashwan S, Ashankyty IM, Almashjari M, Ayaz R, Al-Marzouki A, Zaher GF, Hussain H, Samman AA, Zakariyah A. Association of Genetic Variant FVIII Gene and Factor VIII: A Pilot Study Among Hemophilia A Female Relatives in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e42038. [PMID: 37593302 PMCID: PMC10431930 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked recessive disorder that results from mutations in the factor VIII gene (FVIII). Most affected patients are males due to the inheritance of mutations in the FVIII gene from their mothers. Females are mostly found to be carriers unless they inherited the mutation from both parents. Obligate carriers of HA are mothers whose sons are affected with HA, or daughters who inherit the mutation from their affected fathers. A possible carrier of HA could be any female who has one or more affected relatives with HA in her family. Hemophilia A carriers (HACs) could present with similar symptoms to affected patients, including low factor VIII level, and risk of bleeding especially after surgical procedures or postpartum hemorrhage. OBJECTIVES Assessing the phenotype of possible HAC and its association with genetic variants in the FVIII gene for better screening methods for HAC. METHODS From the period between 25 June and 25 October 2021, the study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We recruited seven mothers whose sons were affected with HA, and 18 possible HAC who are relatives to sever affected patients with HA. All 25 candidates were assessed for the FVIII level, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and bleeding risk and sequenced a part of Exon14 in their FVIII gene. RESULTS Twenty-five percent of the participants show a low level of FVIII, however, none of them have prolonged bleeding nor suffer from bleeding tendency. We also identified two missense variants in six of the candidates, but the clinical significance of these variants has not been determined previously. CONCLUSION This pilot study is the first to explore the phenotype of several HAC in Saudi Arabia. A larger scale study with more HA patients and their female relatives is needed to understand the correlation between phenotype and genotype for better screening for HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah T Almohammadi
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Osman Radhwi
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hatem AlAhwal
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmed Barefah
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salem Bahashwan
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ibraheem M Ashankyty
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Majed Almashjari
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rawan Ayaz
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Adel Al-Marzouki
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Galila F Zaher
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Hend Hussain
- Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abeer A Samman
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Banjar HR, Zaher GF, Almutiry HS, Alshamarni ASA, Almouhana GI, Alahwal HM, Bahashwan S, Barefah AS, Alnajjar SA, Alharbi HM. Web-based expert system with quick response code for beta-thalassemia management. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:1460458221989397. [PMID: 33570008 DOI: 10.1177/1460458221989397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body cannot produce hemoglobin normally. Since patients with this condition receive blood transfusions regularly, iron builds up primarily in organs such as the heart, liver and endocrine glands. Accumulation of iron in the organs necessitates chelation therapy. These patients must visit the hospital frequently to assess and follow up on their health condition. Physician intervention is required after each regular assessment to adjust the treatment. Lifelong healthcare support using a web-based expert system with a quick response code is designed for β-thalassemia management in order to deliver benefits to patients, physicians, and other healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to implement a web-based expert system for β-thalassemia management in order to provide treatment recommendations and support the lifelong healthcare of patients. The system provides patient-related details, such as medical history, medicines, and appointments, in real-time. It has been also tested in real-life cases and shown to enhance β-thalassemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galila F Zaher
- King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology research unit, King Fahad Medical research centre, King Abdulaziz University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salwa A Alnajjar
- King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology research unit, King Fahad Medical research centre, King Abdulaziz University
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Zaher GF. Underutilization of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in obstetrics and gynaecology patients in the absence of a risk assessment tool. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2018; 13:10-15. [PMID: 31435297 PMCID: PMC6694994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for developing venous thromboembolism and to evaluate adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines among patients hospitalized in Obstetrics and Gynaecology units. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016 in the haematology department of a teaching hospital. A total of 188 hospitalized female patients with a hospital length of stay greater than 1 day were included. Patient data were reviewed to assess the risk score for developing venous thromboembolism by an independent expert haematologist. Patients eligible for thromboprophylaxis were compared to patients who had already received thromboprophylaxis. RESULTS A total of 188 patients were included, with age ranging from 17 to 81 years. Of these, 61% percent (n = 116) were gynaecological patients, while the remainder were pregnant women admitted to the obstetrics ward (38%, n = 72). Based on independent expert decision, 54% of gynaecological patients and 37% of obstetrics patients were eligible for thromboprophylaxis; however, only 48% of gynaecological and 26% of obstetrics patients were given thromboprophylaxis by their treating physician. CONCLUSIONS Venous thromboembolism is associated with substantial mortality and is largely preventable. Our study reports underutilization of thromboprophylaxis in clinical practice. Different modalities are necessary to improve adherence to thromboprophylaxis, such as implementation of a risk stratification tool at the time of hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galila F. Zaher
- Hematology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Shah A, Priyadarshini M, Khan MS, Aatif M, Amin F, Tabrez S, Zaher GF, Bano B. Differential effects of anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis drugs on liver cystatin. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:69-74. [PMID: 25561887 PMCID: PMC4281580 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug-protein interaction has been the subject of increasing interest over the decades. In the present communication, the interaction of liver cystatin with anti-cancer (adriamycin) and anti-hepatitis (adevofir dipivoxil) drugs was studied by thiol-protease inhibitory assay, UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). A static type of quenching was observed between the protein and the drug molecules. Binding constant (Ka) of adriamycin to liver cystatin (LC) was found to be 1.08 × 10(6) M(-1). Moreover, binding site number was found to be 2. Importantly, cystatin loses its activity in the presence of adriamycin. However, intrinsic fluorescence studies in the presence of adevofir dipivoxil showed enhancement in the fluorescence intensity suggesting that binding of adevofir to LC caused unfolding of the protein. The unfolding of the test protein was also accompanied by significant loss of inhibitory activity. CD spectroscopy result showed, both adriamycin and adevofir dipivoxil caused perturbation in the secondary structure of liver cystatin. The possible implications of these results will help in combating drug induced off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Fakhra Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galila F. Zaher
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, India
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Rehan M, Beg MA, Parveen S, Damanhouri GA, Zaher GF. Computational insights into the inhibitory mechanism of human AKT1 by an orally active inhibitor, MK-2206. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109705. [PMID: 25329478 PMCID: PMC4201482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT signaling pathway has been identified as an important target for cancer therapy. Among small-molecule inhibitors of AKT that have shown tremendous potential in inhibiting cancer, MK-2206 is a highly potent, selective and orally active allosteric inhibitor. Promising preclinical anticancer results have led to entry of MK-2206 into Phase I/II clinical trials. Despite such importance, the exact binding mechanism and the molecular interactions of MK-2206 with human AKT are not available. The current study investigated the exact binding mode and the molecular interactions of MK-2206 with human AKT isoforms using molecular docking and (un)binding simulation analyses. The study also involved the docking analyses of the structural analogs of MK-2206 to AKT1 and proposed one as better inhibitor. The Dock was used for docking simulations of MK-2206 into the allosteric site of AKT isoforms. The Ligplot+ was used for analyses of polar and hydrophobic interactions between AKT isoforms and the ligands. The MoMa-LigPath web server was used to simulate the ligand (un)binding from the binding site to the surface of the protein. In the docking and (un)binding simulation analyses of MK-2206 with human AKT1, the Trp-80 was the key residue and showed highest decrease in the solvent accessibility, highest number of hydrophobic interactions, and the most consistent involvement in all (un)binding simulation phases. The number of molecular interactions identified and calculated binding energies and dissociation constants from the co-complex structures of these isoforms, clearly explained the varying affinity of MK-2206 towards these isoforms. The (un)binding simulation analyses identified various additional residues which despite being away from the binding site, play important role in initial binding of the ligand. Thus, the docking and (un)binding simulation analyses of MK-2206 with AKT isoforms and its structure analogs will provide a suitable model for studying drug-protein interaction and will help in designing better drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Parveen
- Bareilly College, M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghazi A. Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Galila F. Zaher
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abuzenadah AM, Hussein IMR, Damanhouri GA, A-Sayes FM, Gari MA, Chaudhary AG, Zaher GF, Al-Attas A, Al-Qahtani MH. Molecular basis of β-thalassemia in the western province of Saudi Arabia: identification of rare β-thalassemia mutations. Hemoglobin 2011; 35:346-57. [PMID: 21797702 DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2011.588508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at the identification of the spectrum of mutations in patients with β-thalassemia (β-thal) in the western province of Saudi Arabia. Screening for the mutations was done using the polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS) technique to test for 12 mutations, and direct automated DNA sequencing for the unknown samples. The study included 172 patients; of these 15 patients had sickle cell anemia and one Hb S [β6(A3)Glu→Val, GAG>GTG]/β-thal. A total of 23 mutations were identified to cause the disease in the western area. Seven common mutations were responsible for the β-thal alleles in 78% of patients and could be detected by the ARMS technique: IVS-II-1 (G>A), IVS-I-110 (G>A), IVS-I-5 (G>C), codon 39 (C>T), codon 26 (G>A) [Hb E or β26(B8)Glu→Lys, GAG>AAG], frameshift codons (FSC) 8/9 (+G), and IVS-I-1 (G>A). DNA sequencing of uncharacterized alleles detected eight less common mutations: FSC 41/42 (-TCTT), IVS-I 25 bp deletion, codon 37 (G>A), FSC 44 (-C), Cap site +1 (A>C), IVS-I-6 (T>C), FSC 5 (-CT) and IVS-I-1 (G>T), and eight rare mutations: -87 (C>G), initiation codon -1 (T>G), codon 15 (G>A), FSC 16 (-C), FSC 20/21 (+G), codon 27 (G>A), IVS-I-130 (G>C) and IVS-II-837 (A>C). Four alleles were normal by DNA sequencing. Genetic heterogeneity was observed in this study, 10 mutations were of Asian or Asian/Indian origin, two were Kurdish, one Chinese, one Turkish, one Saudi, and the remainder were of Mediterranean origin. The presence of a large population of immigrants in the western province is responsible for the great heterogeneity at the molecular level, and for the difference observed in the frequencies of mutations from those reported in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Screening for β-thal mutations using PCR-ARMS for the seven most frequent mutations in the Saudi population followed by DNA sequencing of the unknown alleles could be useful for the implementation of a strategy for carrier detection and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in high risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M Abuzenadah
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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