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Tedesco S, Hurst G, Randviir E, Francavilla M. A comparative investigation of non-catalysed versus catalysed microwave-assisted hydrolysis of common North and South European seaweeds to produce biochemicals. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Laura Louise Nicklin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Stephanie Kate Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Kruize H, van Kamp I, van den Berg M, van Kempen E, Wendel-Vos W, Ruijsbroek A, Swart W, Maas J, Gidlow C, Smith G, Ellis N, Hurst G, Masterson D, Triguero-Mas M, Cirach M, Gražulevičienė R, van den Hazel P, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Exploring mechanisms underlying the relationship between the natural outdoor environment and health and well-being - Results from the PHENOTYPE project. Environ Int 2020; 134:105173. [PMID: 31677803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of studies on beneficial effects of the natural outdoor environment (NOE) on health, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE This study explored the relations between amount, quality, use and experience of the NOE; and physical activity, social contacts and mental well-being. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data on GIS-derived measures of residential surrounding greenness (NDVI), NOE within 300 m, and audit data on quality of the streetscape were combined with questionnaire data from 3947 adults in four European cities. These included time spent in NOE (use); and perceived greenness, and satisfaction with and importance given to the NOE (experience). Physical activity, social contacts and mental health were selected as key outcome indicators. Descriptive and multilevel analyses were conducted both on pooled data and for individual cities. RESULTS More minutes spent in the NOE were associated with more minutes of physical activity, a higher frequency of social contacts with neighbors, and better mental well-being. Perceived greenness, satisfaction with and importance of the NOE, were other strong predictors of the outcomes, while GIS measures of NOE and streetscape quality were not. We found clear differences between the four cities. CONCLUSIONS Use and experience of the natural outdoor environment are important predictors for beneficial effects of the natural outdoor environment and health. Future research should focus more on these aspects to further increase our understanding of these mechanisms, and needs to take the local context into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Kruize
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Irene van Kamp
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elise van Kempen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wanda Wendel-Vos
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wim Swart
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maas
- VU University, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Gidlow
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Smith
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Ellis
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Kondo MC, Triguero-Mas M, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Seto E, Valentín A, Hurst G, Carrasco-Turigas G, Masterson D, Ambròs A, Ellis N, Swart W, Davis N, Maas J, Jerrett M, Gidlow CJ, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Momentary mood response to natural outdoor environments in four European cities. Environ Int 2020; 134:105237. [PMID: 31677802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to natural outdoor environments (NOE) has been shown in population-level studies to reduce anxiety and psychological distress. This study investigated how exposure to one's everyday natural outdoor environments over one week influenced mood among residents of four European cities including Barcelona (Spain), Stoke-on-Trent (United Kingdom), Doetinchem (The Netherlands) and Kaunas (Lithuania). Participants (n = 368) wore a smartphone equipped with software applications to track location and mood (using mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) software), for seven consecutive days. We estimated random-effects ordered logistic regression models to examine the association between mood (positive and negative affect), and exposure to green space, represented by two binary variables indicating exposure versus no exposure to NOE using GPS tracking and satellite and aerial imagery, 10 and 30 min prior to participants' completing the EMA. Models were adjusted for home city, day of the week, hour of the day, EMA survey type, residential NOE exposure, and sex, age, education level, mental health status and neighbourhood socioeconomic status. In addition, we tested for heterogeneity of effect by city, sex, age, residential NOE exposure and mental health status. Within 10 min of NOE exposure, compared to non-exposure, we found that overall there was a positive relationship with positive affect (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.81) of EMA surveys, and non-significant negative association with negative affect (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.10). When stratifying, associations were consistently found for Stoke-on-Trent inhabitants and men, while findings by age group were inconsistent. Weaker and less consistent associations were found for exposure 30 min prior to EMA. Our findings support increasing evidence of psychological and mental health benefits of exposure to natural outdoor environments, especially among urban populations such as those included in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Kondo
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Antònia Valentín
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Hurst
- School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom; Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Albert Ambròs
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naomi Ellis
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nora Davis
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Jerrett
- University of California at Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Gidlow
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Romeo-Velilla M, Ellis N, Hurst G, Grogan S, Gidlow C. A qualitative study of disengagement in disadvantaged areas of the UK: 'You come through your door and you lock that door'. Health Place 2018; 52:62-69. [PMID: 29777979 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Health inequalities are a major concern in the UK. Power imbalances are associated with health inequalities and should be challenged through health promotion and empowering strategies, enabling individuals who feel powerless to take control over their own life and act on the determinants of health (Green and Tones, 2010). This study aimed to explore resident expectations of a community engagement programme that intended to empower communities to take action on pre-identified priorities. The programme targeted communities in deprived areas of a mid-sized city in the UK. A qualitative design was implemented. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 28 adult residents at the start of the programme. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Resident expectations were explored from a constructivist epistemological perspective. The qualitative inductive approach allowed a second research question to develop which led this paper to focus on exploring how disempowerment was experienced by individuals before taking part in a community engagement programme. Analysis of interviews revealed a 'process of deterioration' that provided insight into how communities might become (more) disadvantaged through disempowerment. Five master themes were identified: external abandonment at the institutional-level (master theme 1); a resulting loss of sense of community (master theme 2); this negatively affected psychological wellbeing of residents (master theme 3); who adopted coping strategies (e.g., disengagement) to aid living in such challenging areas; (master theme 4); disengagement further perpetuated the deterioration of the area (master theme 5). Distrust was identified as a major barrier to participation in community engagement programmes. Overall, our data suggested that community engagement approaches must prioritise restoration of trust and be accompanied by supportive policies to mitigate feelings of abandonment in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Romeo-Velilla
- School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Science Centre, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - N Ellis
- School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Science Centre, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - G Hurst
- School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Science Centre, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - S Grogan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, 3.11 Brooks Building, Manchester Campus, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK.
| | - C Gidlow
- Centre for Health and Development (CHAD), Staffordshire University, Brindley Building, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DF, UK.
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Triguero-Mas M, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Seto E, Valentín A, Martínez D, Smith G, Hurst G, Carrasco-Turigas G, Masterson D, van den Berg M, Ambròs A, Martínez-Íñiguez T, Dedele A, Ellis N, Grazulevicius T, Voorsmit M, Cirach M, Cirac-Claveras J, Swart W, Clasquin E, Ruijsbroek A, Maas J, Jerret M, Gražulevičienė R, Kruize H, Gidlow CJ, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Natural outdoor environments and mental health: Stress as a possible mechanism. Environ Res 2017; 159:629-638. [PMID: 28938204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Better mental health has been associated with exposure to natural outdoor environments (NOE). However, comprehensive studies including several indicators of exposure and outcomes, potential effect modifiers and mediators are scarce. OBJECTIVES We used novel, objective measures to explore the relationships between exposure to NOE (i.e. residential availability and contact) and different indicators of mental health, and possible modifiers and mediators. METHODS A nested cross-sectional study was conducted in: Barcelona, Spain; Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom; Doetinchem, Netherlands; Kaunas, Lithuania. Participants' exposure to NOE (including both surrounding greenness and green and/or blue spaces) was measured in terms of (a) amount in their residential environment (using Geographical Information Systems) and (b) their contact with NOE (using smartphone data collected over seven days). Self-reported information was collected for mental health (psychological wellbeing, sleep quality, vitality, and somatisation), and potential effect modifiers (gender, age, education level, and city) and mediators (perceived stress and social contacts), with additional objective NOE physical activity (potential mediator) derived from smartphone accelerometers. RESULTS Analysis of data from 406 participants showed no statistically significant associations linking mental health and residential NOE exposure. However, NOE contact, especially surrounding greenness, was statistically significantly tied to better mental health. There were indications that these relationships were stronger for males, younger people, low-medium educated, and Doetinchem residents. Perceived stress was a mediator of most associations, and physical activity and social contacts were not. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that contact with NOE benefits mental health. Our results also suggest that having contact with NOE that can facilitate stress reduction could be particularly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Triguero-Mas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Department, Fundació Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Antònia Valentín
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Martínez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Graham Smith
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| | - Magdalena van den Berg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Ambròs
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Tania Martínez-Íñiguez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Audrius Dedele
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Naomi Ellis
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomas Grazulevicius
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Martin Voorsmit
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judith Cirac-Claveras
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Wim Swart
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Eddy Clasquin
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Ruijsbroek
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda Maas
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Jerret
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Regina Gražulevičienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Christopher J Gidlow
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom; Centre for Health and Development, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Ruijsbroek A, Droomers M, Kruize H, van Kempen E, Gidlow CJ, Hurst G, Andrusaityte S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Maas J, Hardyns W, Stronks K, Groenewegen PP. Does the Health Impact of Exposure to Neighbourhood Green Space Differ between Population Groups? An Explorative Study in Four European Cities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14060618. [PMID: 28594390 PMCID: PMC5486304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that certain residents, such as those with a low socioeconomic status, the elderly, and women, may benefit more from the presence of neighbourhood green space than others. We tested this hypothesis for age, gender, educational level, and employment status in four European cities. Data were collected in Barcelona (Spain; n = 1002), Kaunas (Lithuania; n = 989), Doetinchem (The Netherlands; n = 847), and Stoke-on-Trent (UK; n = 933) as part of the EU-funded PHENOTYPE project. Surveys were used to measure mental and general health, individual characteristics, and perceived neighbourhood green space. Additionally, we used audit data about neighbourhood green space. In Barcelona, there were positive associations between neighbourhood green space and general health among low-educated residents. In the other cities and for the other population groups, there was little evidence that the association between health and neighbourhood green space differed between population groups. Overall, our study does not support the assumption that the elderly, women, and residents who are not employed full-time benefit more from neighbourhood green space than others. Only in the highly urbanised city of Barcelona did the low-educated group benefit from neighbourhood green spaces. Perhaps neighbourhood green spaces are more important for the health of low-educated residents in particularly highly urbanised areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Ruijsbroek
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariël Droomers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Elise van Kempen
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Christopher J Gidlow
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK.
| | | | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiology y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jolanda Maas
- Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Vrije Universiteit (VU), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Hardyns
- Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter P Groenewegen
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Geography and Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zijlema WL, Triguero-Mas M, Smith G, Cirach M, Martinez D, Dadvand P, Gascon M, Jones M, Gidlow C, Hurst G, Masterson D, Ellis N, van den Berg M, Maas J, van Kamp I, van den Hazel P, Kruize H, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Julvez J. The relationship between natural outdoor environments and cognitive functioning and its mediators. Environ Res 2017; 155:268-275. [PMID: 28254708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban residents may experience cognitive fatigue and little opportunity for mental restoration due to a lack of access to nature. Natural outdoor environments (NOE) are thought to be beneficial for cognitive functioning, but underlying mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term association between NOE and cognitive function, and its potential mediators. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on adult participants of the Positive Health Effects of the Natural Outdoor Environment in Typical Populations in Different Regions in Europe (PHENOTYPE) project. Data were collected in Barcelona, Spain; Doetinchem, the Netherlands; and Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom. We assessed residential distance to NOE, residential surrounding greenness, perceived amount of neighborhood NOE, and engagement with NOE. Cognitive function was assessed with the Color Trails Test (CTT). Mediation analysis was undertaken following Baron and Kenny. RESULTS Each 100m increase in residential distance to NOE was associated with a longer CTT completion time of 1.50% (95% CI 0.13, 2.89). No associations were found for other NOE indicators and cognitive function. Neighborhood social cohesion was (marginally) significantly associated with both residential distance to NOE and CTT completion time, but no evidence for mediation was found. Nor were there indications for mediation by physical activity, social interaction with neighbors, loneliness, mental health, air pollution worries, or noise annoyance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide some indication that proximity to nature may benefit cognitive function. We could not establish which mechanisms may explain this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma L Zijlema
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Graham Smith
- Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Marta Cirach
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martinez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Jones
- Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | | | - Gemma Hurst
- Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | | | - Naomi Ellis
- Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Magdalena van den Berg
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maas
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene van Kamp
- RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanneke Kruize
- RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Triguero-Mas M, Gidlow CJ, Martínez D, de Bont J, Carrasco-Turigas G, Martínez-Íñiguez T, Hurst G, Masterson D, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Seto E, Jones MV, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The effect of randomised exposure to different types of natural outdoor environments compared to exposure to an urban environment on people with indications of psychological distress in Catalonia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172200. [PMID: 28248974 PMCID: PMC5331968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental studies have reported associations between short-term exposure to natural outdoor environments (NOE) and health benefits. However, they lack insight into mechanisms, often have low external and ecological validity, and have rarely focused on people with some psycho-physiological affection. The aim of this study was to use a randomized, case-crossover design to investigate: (i) the effects of unconstrained exposure to real natural and urban environments on psycho-physiological indicators of people with indications of psychological distress, (ii) the possible differential effects of 30 and 30+180 minutes exposures, and (iii) the possible mechanisms explaining these effects. Material and methods People (n = 26) with indications of psychological distress were exposed to green (Collserola Natural Park), blue (Castelldefels beach) and urban (Eixample neighbourhood) environments in Catalonia. They were exposed to all environments in groups for a period of 30+180 minutes between October 2013 and January 2014. During the exposure period, participants were instructed to do what they would usually do in that environment. Before, during (at 30 and 30+180 minutes) and after each exposure, several psycho-physiological measures were taken: mood (measured as Total Mood Disturbance, TMD), attention capacity (measured as backwards digit-span task), stress levels (measures as salivary cortisol), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, autonomous nervous system (assessed as heart rate variability and the indicators: low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), ratio between LF and HF (LF:HF), and coefficients of component variance of LF, HF, and LF:HF). We also measured several potential mediators: air pollution, noise, physical activity, social interactions, and self-perceived restoration experience. Results When compared with responses to urban environment, we found statistically significantly lower TMD [-4.78 (-7.77, -1.79) points difference], and salivary cortisol [-0.21 (-0.34, -0.08) log nmol/L] in the green exposure environment, and statistically significantly lower TMD [-4.53 (-7.57, -1.49) points difference], and statistically significant favourable changes in heart rate variability indicators (specifically LF:HF and CCV-LF:HF with around -0.20 points of difference of the indicators) in the blue exposure environment. Physical activity and self-perceived restoration experience partially mediated the associations between NOE and TMD. Physical activity and air pollution partially mediated the associations between NOE and heart rate variability. Discussion and conclusions This study extends the existing evidence on the benefits of NOE for people's health. It also suggests NOE potential as a preventive medicine, specifically focusing on people with indications of psychological distress. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02624921
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Triguero-Mas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher J. Gidlow
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - David Martínez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen de Bont
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Martínez-Íñiguez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Department, Fundació Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Marc V. Jones
- Centre for Sport Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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van den Berg M, van Poppel M, van Kamp I, Andrusaityte S, Balseviciene B, Cirach M, Danileviciute A, Ellis N, Hurst G, Masterson D, Smith G, Triguero-Mas M, Uzdanaviciute I, de Wit P, van Mechelen W, Gidlow C, Grazuleviciene R, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Kruize H, Maas J. Visiting green space is associated with mental health and vitality: A cross-sectional study in four european cities. Health Place 2016; 38:8-15. [PMID: 26796323 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have found that people living in environments with more green space report better physical and mental health than those with less green space. However, the association between visits to green space and mental health has seldom been studied. The current study explored the associations between time spent in green spaces by purposeful visits and perceived mental health and vitality in four different European cities, and to what extent gender, age, level of education, attitude towards nature and childhood nature experience moderate these associations. Data was gathered using a questionnaire administered in four European cities (total n=3748). Multilevel analyses showed significant positive associations between time spent visiting green spaces and mental health and vitality in the pooled data, as well as across the four cities. Significant effect modification was found for level of education and childhood nature experience. The findings confirm the hypothesis that more time spent in green space is associated with higher scores on mental health and vitality scales, independent of cultural and climatic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena van den Berg
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene van Kamp
- Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, K. Donelaičio g. 58, Kaunas 44248, Lithuanian
| | - Birute Balseviciene
- Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, K. Donelaičio g. 58, Kaunas 44248, Lithuanian
| | - Marta Cirach
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Asta Danileviciute
- Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, K. Donelaičio g. 58, Kaunas 44248, Lithuanian
| | - Naomi Ellis
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Gemma Hurst
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Daniel Masterson
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Graham Smith
- Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Inga Uzdanaviciute
- Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, K. Donelaičio g. 58, Kaunas 44248, Lithuanian
| | - Puck de Wit
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Gidlow
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK
| | | | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Hanneke Kruize
- Center for Sustainability, Environment and Health National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maas
- Department of Public & Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Social & Organizational Psychology Group, Amsterdam, VU University, van der Boechorststraat 1, NL 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Turner A, Pampin R, Loughlin M, Ghani Z, Hurst G, Lo Bue A, Mangham S, Puiu A, Zheng S. Nuclear analysis and shielding optimisation in support of the ITER In-Vessel Viewing System design. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hiscock R, Hurst G. Consensus approach to discrepancies arising from independent double reading of screening mammograms. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3332622 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Kuhl CK, Hadozadeh J, Gieseke J, Manka CA, Hurst G, Traeber F, Schild HH. Establishing a comprehensive multiple sclerosis imaging protocol at 7.0T. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Rana DS, Hurst G, Shepstone L, Pilling J, Cockburn J, Crawford M. Voice recognition for radiology reporting: Is it good enough? Clin Radiol 2005; 60:1205-12. [PMID: 16223617 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficiency and accuracy of radiology reports generated by voice recognition (VR) against the traditional tape dictation-transcription (DT) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty previously reported computed radiography (CR) and cross-sectional imaging (CSI) examinations were separately entered into the Radiology Information System (RIS) using both VR and DT. The times taken and errors found in the reports were compared using univariate analyses based upon the sign-test, and a general linear model constructed to examine the mean differences between the two methods. RESULTS There were significant reductions (p<0.001) in the mean difference in the reporting times using VR compared with DT for the two reporting methods assessed (CR, +67.4; CSI, +122.1s). There was a significant increase in the mean difference in the actual radiologist times using VR compared with DT in the CSI reports; -14.3s, p=0.037 (more experienced user); -13.7s, p=0.014 (less experienced user). There were significantly more total and major errors when using VR compared with DT for CR reports (-0.25 and -0.26, respectively), and in total errors for CSI (-0.75, p<0.001), but no difference in major errors (-0.16, p=0.168). Although there were significantly more errors with VR in the less experienced group of users (mean difference in total errors -0.90, and major errors -0.40, p<0.001), there was no significant difference in the more experienced (p=0.419 and p=0.814, respectively). CONCLUSIONS VR is a viable reporting method for experienced users, with a quicker overall report production time (despite an increase in the radiologists' time) and a tendency to more errors for inexperienced users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Rana
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
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Denton ERE, Hurst G, Wivell G, Pilling J. Evaluation of three different resolution workstations for reporting computerised radiography mammographic images. Breast Cancer Res 2002. [PMCID: PMC3300455 DOI: 10.1186/bcr481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Rickard LG, Black SS, Rashmir-Raven A, Hurst G, Dubey JP. Risk factors associated with the presence of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts in opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Vet Parasitol 2001; 102:179-84. [PMID: 11777597 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystis neurona is the most important cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horse in the Americas. The only known definitive host for this parasite in the United States is the opossum (Didelphis virginiana); however, despite the importance of the disease, the epidemiology of the parasite in the definitive host is poorly understood. To begin addressing these data gaps, potential risk factors were evaluated for their association with the presence of sporocysts of S. neurona in opossums live-trapped in March 1999 and November 1999 to May 2000. Sporocysts of S. neurona were found in 19 of the 72 animals examined. Potential risk factors evaluated were locality, trap date, age, gender, the presence of young in the pouch of females, and body condition score. Variables that were associated with the presence of S. neurona sporocysts were used in logistic regression analysis. Of the factors examined, season and body condition score were associated with increased odds of an animal harboring sporocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rickard
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9825, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Dubey JP, Black SS, Rickard LG, Rosenthal BM, Lindsay DS, Shen SK, Kwok OC, Hurst G, Rashmir-Raven A. Prevalence of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts in opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from rural Mississippi. Vet Parasitol 2001; 95:283-93. [PMID: 11223208 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcocystis species sporocysts were found in intestinal scrapings from 24 of 72 opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from rural Mississippi. The number of sporocysts in each opossum varied from a few ( < 100000) to 187 million. Sporocysts from 24 opossums were bioassayed for Sarcocystis neurona infections by feeding to gamma-interferon knockout (KO) mice. S. neurona was detected in the brains of KO mice fed sporocysts from 19 opossums by immunohistochemical staining with anti-S. neurona specific polyclonal rabbit serum, and by in vitro culture from the brains of KO mice fed sporocysts. The isolates of S. neurona from opossums were designated SN16-OP to SN34-OP. Merozoites from 17 of 19 isolates tested at the 25/396 locus were identical to previously described S. neurona isolates from horses. The high prevalence of S. neurona sparocysts in D. virginiana suggests that this opossum constitutes an ample reservoir of infection in the southern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1040, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Inglis J, Curtis J, Eve C, Wivell G, Denton E, Hurst G. How do radiographers compare to radiologists when double reading screening mammograms. Breast Cancer Res 2000. [PMCID: PMC3300313 DOI: 10.1186/bcr212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Denton E, Hurst G, Shaw M. The lateral arm for stereotactic biopsy: how good is it? Breast Cancer Res 2000. [PMCID: PMC3300319 DOI: 10.1186/bcr218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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von Dadelszen P, Hurst G, Redman CW. Supernatants from co-cultured endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes activate peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:919-24. [PMID: 10221219 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.4.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for both endothelial cell and peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) activation in pre-eclampsia. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes (STBM) are shed in greater quantities from the placenta in pre-eclampsia, disrupt cultured endothelial cells in vitro and may be the immediate cause of the maternal syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine if endothelial cells co-cultured with STBM release factors that can activate PBL in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to measure changes in intracellular free ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i), pH (pHi) and reactive oxygen species (iROS) as indices of leukocyte activation. PBL from male non-pregnant donors was exposed to supernatants from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured with STBM. The time course of changes in [Ca2+]i, pHi and iROS was determined and compared with appropriate control measurements. The test supernatants caused significant activation of granulocytes and monocytes in terms of increases in [Ca2+]i and falls in pHi and release of iROS. Lymphocytes responded only with respect to increases in iROS. The results define a possible mechanism for the activation of PBL in pre-eclampsia, as being secondary to endothelial cell activation caused by circulating STBM shed in excess amounts from the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- P von Dadelszen
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Kertesz Z, Hurst G, Ward M, Willis AC, Caro H, Linton EA, Sargent IL, Redman CW. Purification and characterization of a complex from placental syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes which inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Placenta 1999; 20:71-9. [PMID: 9950147 DOI: 10.1053/plac.1998.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The signs of pre-eclampsia are thought to arise from maternal endothelial dysfunction caused by circulating factors of placental origin. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes (STBM) cause endothelial disruption and inhibit proliferation in vitro. Significantly increased amounts of STBM can be detected in blood from pre-eclamptic women and could contribute to endothelial dysfunction in vivo. This study purified a complex from STBM which inhibits the proliferation of cultured human endothelial cells. Integral membrane proteins were solubilized with sucrose monolaurate. Anion exchange chromatography yielded two peaks of anti-proliferative activity. Only the second peak was specific to STBM and was subjected to further separation by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography (GFC). A single peak of specific activity eluted close to the void volume, at a position unaltered by added denaturing agents, guanidium chloride or urea. On Sephacryl S-300 GFC, two peaks were obtained of 410 and 820 kDa, with similar anti-proliferative activity and protein components (by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The major protein bands were as integrins alpha5 and alpha v, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alpha-actinin, transferrin, transferrin receptor, placental alkaline phosphatase and monoamine oxidase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kertesz
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, UK.
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Somerville T, Hurst G, Alloway R, Gaber A, Shokouh-Amiri MH, Stratta R. Superior efficacy of oral ganciclovir over oral acyclovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in kidney-pancreas and pancreas alone recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:1546-8. [PMID: 9636628 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Somerville
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy and Medicine, Memphis, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hurst
- University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Medicine, and Nursing, Memphis, USA
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Kaspar M, Ramsay MA, Nguyen AT, Cogswell M, Hurst G, Ramsay KJ. Continuous small-dose tranexamic acid reduces fibrinolysis but not transfusion requirements during orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 1997; 85:281-5. [PMID: 9249100 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199708000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TA) is a synthetic drug that inhibits fibrinolysis. It has been administered to decrease the use of blood products during cardiac surgery and orthotopic liver transplantation when infused in larger doses. A small-dose infusion of aprotinin causes a reduction in fibrinolysis and blood product requirement during orthotopic liver transplantation without apparent risk of intravascular thrombosis. This prospective study was designed to investigate whether a small-dose infusion of TA would be equally effective in reducing fibrinolysis and blood product transfusions during orthotopic liver transplantation. A double-blind, controlled study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of a small-dose TA infusion with that of a placebo. Thirty-two consecutive patients were randomized either to the TA group (n = 16), which received an intravenous infusion of 2 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1), or to the control group (n = 16), which received an identical volume of normal saline. Coagulation values were measured, a field rating was made by the surgeon, and a thromboelastogram was produced at four predetermined intervals throughout the case-before TA infusion was started, after portal vein ligation, 10 min after reperfusion, and at the end of surgery. Intraoperative transfusion requirements were recorded during the procedure and for the first 24 h postoperatively. A record was kept of any intraoperative epsilon-aminocaproic acid administered for uncontrolled fibrinolysis. The thromboelastogram clot lysis index was significant for lysis in the control group during both the anhepatic and the neohepatic phases (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) when compared with the TA group. Fibrin degradation products were significantly increased (>20 microg/mL) in the control group at reperfusion (P < 0.03) and at the end of surgery (P < 0.01). D-dimers were also significantly increased (>1 mg/L) in the control group at the end of surgery (P < 0.04). Nine of the 16 control patients versus 3 of the 16 TA patients required epsilon-aminocaproic acid rescue for fibrinolysis. There were no other significant differences between groups. Transfusion requirements during surgery and for the first 24 h postoperatively did not differ significantly between the two groups. We conclude that the use of small-dose TA reduces fibrinolysis but not transfusion requirements during orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaspar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
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Kehne JH, Kane JM, Chaney SF, Hurst G, McCloskey TC, Petty MA, Senyah Y, Wolf HH, Zobrist R, White HS. Preclinical characterization of MDL 27,192 as a potential broad spectrum anticonvulsant agent with neuroprotective properties. Epilepsy Res 1997; 27:41-54. [PMID: 9169290 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(96)01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The compound 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-4-ethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (MDL 27,192) was evaluated in a variety of rodent models to assess its anticonvulsant profile and its potential neuroprotective activity. MDL 27,192 demonstrated anticonvulsant activity in a wide range of epilepsy models that are genetically-based (audiogenic seizures in the seizure susceptible DBA/2J or Frings mouse; spike wave seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats of Strasbourg (GAERS), electrically-based (MES seizures in mice and rats, corneally-kindled seizures in rats) and chemically-based (bicuculline, PTZ, picrotoxin, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, quinolinic acid and strychnine). When compared to valproate, orally administered MDL 27,192 was 17-48-fold more potent as an anticonvulsant and showed a safety index one to three-fold greater. Following a timed intravenous administration of PTZ to mice, MDL 27,192, but not phenytoin or carbamazepine, consistently increased the latencies to first twitch and clonus. MDL 27,192 was active in a genetic model of absence epilepsy, the GAERS rat model. These data indicate that MDL 27,192 likely exerts its anticonvulsant action by affecting seizure spread and by raising seizure threshold. MDL 27,192 did not display any signs of tolerance following subchronic (15 day) administration. In tests of neuroprotective potential, MDL 27,192 reduced infarct volume in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats and reduced the loss of hippocampal dentate hilar neurons in an animal model of unilateral head injury. In summary, MDL 27,192 possesses a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant profile. The potential for reduced tolerance and neuroprotective activity are additional positive features of MDL 27,192's preclinical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kehne
- Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
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Day N, McCann J, Camilleri-Ferrante C, Britton P, Hurst G, Cush S, Duffy S. Monitoring interval cancers in breast screening programmes: the east Anglian experience. Quality Assurance Management Group of the East Anglian Breast Screening Programme. J Med Screen 1995; 2:180-5. [PMID: 8719145 DOI: 10.1177/096914139500200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interval cancer rates are a major determinant of the success of a screening programme. In the Swedish two county study, on which the United Kingdom programme is based, a 39% reduction in mortality was observed in screened women aged 50-64. Using data from the Swedish study, the relationship between interval cancer incidence and the likely future effect on breast cancer mortality was quantified. In East Anglia, as elsewhere in the United Kingdom, interval cancers rates are nearly double those obtained in Sweden: interval cancer rates in the first, second, and third years respectively, after a negative screen were 24%, 59%, and 79% of the expected underlying incidence in the absence of screening. The corresponding figures from the two county study were 17%, 30%, and 56%. From these it was estimated that the mortality reduction in East Anglia will be 21%, which is lower than the 35% observed in invited women in this age group in the Swedish two county study and the 25% specified in the Health of the Nation target. In a rereading exercise, using screening mammograms from women who were screen normal, who had screen detected cancers, or who subsequently developed interval cancers, four out of five radiologists recommended recall for around 70% of the original mammograms (classed as screen normal at time of screening) from 33 interval cancers. This suggests that sensitivity is a contributory factor to the higher interval cancer rates in East Anglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Day
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge Forvie Site, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Observers made time-to-contact judgements about an imagined moving object that passed through an area of the visual field previously adapted to a single direction of real motion. The direction of imagined motion varied relative to the direction of adapting motion. When imagined motion was in the same direction as that experienced during adaptation, imagined speed was slowed; when imagined motion was in the opposite direction, its speed was increased; when adaptation and imagined motions were orthogonal, imagined speed was unaffected. The particular influence that prior adaptation has on imagined speed suggests that imagined motion and real vision may engage common neural mechanisms without being functionally equivalent. Negative aftereffects observed in imagined motion imply that the imagination represents movement as an inference from position changes of static images.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712
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Fowler SA, Andracki M, Hurst G, Honkan VA, Walder J, Casteel DA. Prolongation of the intravascular retention of hemoglobin modified with a long-chain fatty acid derivative. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 1994; 22:27-42. [PMID: 8055096 DOI: 10.3109/10731199409117398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To develop hemoglobin (Hb) derivatives with an increased circulatory half-life, Hb was chemically modified with long chain fatty acid analogs. One compound, sodium 1-hexadecyl 6-(2-iodoacetamido)hexyl phosphate, specifically modified the Cys-93 beta residues of human hemoglobin (HbA) as determined by sulfhydryl titration analysis. The resulting modified Hb derivative, FAHbA, was isolated and was shown to have a two-fold longer circulatory half-life than native HbA in a rat low-dose acute transfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fowler
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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Yarrington JT, Gibson JP, Dillberger JE, Hurst G, Lippert B, Sussman NM, Heydorn WE, Marler RJ. Sequential neuropathology of dogs treated with vigabatrin, a GABA-transaminase inhibitor. Toxicol Pathol 1993; 21:480-9. [PMID: 8115824 DOI: 10.1177/019262339302100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vigabatrin (Sabril) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of certain types of drug-resistant or uncontrolled epilepsy but is known to cause microscopic vacuolation (intramyelinic edema) in the brains of treated rats, mice, and dogs. The effects of high oral doses (300 mg/kg/day) of vigabatrin administered orally to Beagle dogs were studied during treatment weeks 1-12 and recovery weeks 13, 14, 16, 20, 24, and 28. Emesis, loose stools, and anorexia and 3 drug-related deaths were observed during the first 4 wk of treatment but were virtually nonexistent thereafter because of adaptation to the drug aided by food supplementation. In more sensitive areas of the brain (columns of the fornix, thalamus, and hypothalamus), microscopic quantitative differences between background vacuolation in controls and drug-related vacuolation in treated dogs could be delineated after 4 wk, generally reached highest levels of severity between 8 and 12 wk, and were reversible upon cessation of dosing. Inhibition of brain GABA-T and elevation of brain GABA were noted after 1 wk of treatment. During the course of treatment vigabatrin ranged between 4-17 nmol/ml (plasma) and 42-1,570 nmol/ml [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] while CSF GABA concentrations were 4-32 nmol/ml (treated dogs) and 0.1-0.6 nmol/ml (control dogs). Although the cause of vigabatrin-induced microvacuolation is unknown, the results of the study demonstrated that GABA-T inhibition with subsequent GABA elevation occurred within the first week of treatment and was followed by the onset of detectable microvacuolation several weeks later.
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Abstract
Thirty men with prostatic hypertrophy were scanned on 3 occasions on the day before TURP. Five commonly used formulae to estimate residual urine were used. All of these methods are subject to large degrees of error; 66% of these patients had residual volumes that varied significantly on the same day. We suggest that it is of no clinical value to perform a single residual urine measurement in patients with prostatic hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Birch
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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Abstract
A woman of 62 years with Turner's syndrome died in congestive cardiac failure secondary to a large ventricular septal defect with biventricular hypertrophy. During her last few months the lifelong left-to-right shunt underwent reversal exposing her carotid bodies to hypoxaemia. The carotid bodies were not enlarged, thus demonstrating that hyperplasia of glomic tissue is not brought about by increased myocardial mass per se. They were, however, abnormally cellular with more dark cells ( a variant of chief cells), many of which were abnormally large and showed ultrastructural features of metabolic activity. These changes may represent the earliest histological response of the carotid body to hypoxaemia and later, the dark cells may mature into the more familiar and common light variant. It seems likely that this dark cell activity precedes, probably by a long period, the sustentacular cell hyperplasia and proliferation of nerve axons which we have reported elsewhere as the chronic reaction of the carotid bodies to hypoxaemia.
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Smith P, Heath D, Fitch R, Hurst G, Moore D, Weitzenblum E. Effects on the rabbit carotid body of stimulation by almitrine, natural high altitude, and experimental normobaric hypoxia. J Pathol 1986; 149:143-53. [PMID: 3734952 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711490209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabbits were given intraperitoneal injections of almitrine in ascending doses for 5 weeks. They were compared with a control group and with a group of rabbits which had been exposed from birth to the natural hypobaric hypoxia found at Cerro de Pasco (433 m) in the Peruvian Andes. A further group of animals was placed in an experimental normobaric chamber for either 3 or 6 months to subject them to the same degree of hypoxia as that occurring in Cerro. The carotid bodies of the rabbits in all these groups were processed for light and electron microscopy, and examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. The carotid bodies in the group given almitrine showed no changes in their size or in the population of their glomic cells when compared with controls. In contrast, the carotid bodies of Peruvian rabbits were greatly enlarged with a disproportionate increase in the population of the light variant of chief cell. Rabbits from the hypoxic chamber also had enlarged carotid bodies but those killed after 3 months showed an increase in the dark variant of chief cell, whereas after 6 months this cell was reduced in number. There was also intense cytoplasmic vacuolation. Election microscopy confirmed these changes and revealed that dark cells had larger, more pleomorphic granules than the light variant. Vacuolation of the granules in light cells was most pronounced in Peruvian rabbits, but was uncommon in animals exposed to hypoxia for 3 months. We suggest that the dark cell responds to the early stages of hypoxia but later matures into the light variant of chief cell.
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Abstract
The carotid bodies were found to be enlarged at the necropsy of a 61-year-old man with congenital coarctation of the aorta. The enlargement was found to be due to hyperplasia of the sustentacular (type II) cells and considered to be a response to systemic hypertension. The proliferation of these cells had compressed the small remaining cores of chief (type I) cells which contain catecholamines and peptides. This case is illustrative of the fact that the carotid bodies may enlarge in some forms of congenital heart disease. The histological changes in the glomic tissue in any one type of congenital cardiac anomaly appear to be related to the nature of the underlying physiological disturbance. Thus the raised intravascular pressure in the upper part of the body in coarctation of the aorta appears to lead to hyperplasia of sustentacular cells.
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Abstract
A qualitative and quantitative histological study was made of the carotid bodies obtained at necropsy from 47 subjects ranging in age from 14 to 100 years. With increasing age there is a loss of more than a third of the amount of glomic tissue with a diminution in the size of the lobules. In young people the basic histological pattern of clusters, composed of cores of chief cells with surrounding rims of sustentacular cells, has commonly superimposed on it prominence of the dark variant of chief cells. In middle-aged subjects there is proliferation of sustentacular cells which appear to merge imperceptibly into fibrosis of the lobules and becomes associated with diffuse or focal infiltrates of lymphocytes.
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Hurst G. Gross facial bone destruction following trigeminal rhizotomy. J Laryngol Otol 1984; 98:1157-9. [PMID: 6491510 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hurst G, Dixon AK, Sherwood T. Diagnostic role for standard short intravenous urography. Lancet 1982; 2:871. [PMID: 6126726 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Bilateral upper limb oedema due to lymphatic obstruction, is an uncommon complication of rheumatoid arthritis (R. A.). We report a case in which a 40 year old male with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis developed gross pitting oedema of the left arm. Lymphangiography showed lymphatic obstruction in both arms; within two months the right arm also became oedematous.
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Chanlett ET, Rogers DW, Hurst G. The necessity for environmental health planning. Am J Public Health 1973; 63:341-4. [PMID: 4695321 PMCID: PMC1775212 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.63.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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