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Kristensen NP, Dionisio E, Bentzen AK, Tamhane T, Kemming JS, Nos G, Voss LF, Hansen UK, Lauer GM, Hadrup SR. Simultaneous analysis of pMHC binding and reactivity unveils virus-specific CD8 T cell immunity to a concise epitope set. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadm8951. [PMID: 38608022 PMCID: PMC11014448 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
CD8 T cells provide immunity to virus infection through recognition of epitopes presented by peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). To establish a concise panel of widely recognized T cell epitopes from common viruses, we combined analysis of TCR down-regulation upon stimulation with epitope-specific enumeration based on barcode-labeled pMHC multimers. We assess CD8 T cell binding and reactivity for 929 previously reported epitopes in the context of 1 of 25 HLA alleles representing 29 viruses. The prevalence and magnitude of CD8 T cell responses were evaluated in 48 donors and reported along with 137 frequently recognized virus epitopes, many of which were underrepresented in the public domain. Eighty-four percent of epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations demonstrated reactivity to peptide stimulation, which was associated with effector and long-term memory phenotypes. Conversely, nonreactive T cell populations were associated primarily with naive phenotypes. Our analysis provides a reference map of epitopes for characterizing CD8 T cell responses toward common human virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Dionisio
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tripti Tamhane
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janine Sophie Kemming
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Grigorii Nos
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Frank Voss
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kring Hansen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Georg Michael Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Carlton-Smith C, Holmes JA, Naggie S, Lidofsky A, Lauer GM, Kim AY, Chung RT. IFN-free therapy is associated with restoration of type I IFN response in HIV-1 patients with acute HCV infection who achieve SVR. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:465-472. [PMID: 29193564 PMCID: PMC6624849 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have revolutionized chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment; early studies suggest excellent efficacy in acute HCV. However, changes in innate immune responses during DAA therapy for acute HCV are unknown. We studied interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and related cytokines/chemokines in HIV-infected patients with acute HCV receiving sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (SOF+RBV) as part of the A5327 clinical trial. ISG expression was determined from PBMCs, and circulating cytokines/chemokines were quantified from serum from study participants. The overall sustained virologic response (SVR) was 57%; all treatment failures were due to virologic relapse. Apart from NOS2a, baseline ISG/chemokine/cytokine levels were similar irrespective of treatment outcome. Downregulation of ISGs was observed at treatment week four and end of treatment (EOT), implicating HCV in establishing elevated ISGs early during HCV infection. Levels of many of these ISGs increased at post-treatment week 12 (PTW12) in relapsers only, coinciding with recurrent HCV RNA. Eleven ISGs were differentially expressed in responders vs relapsers. On-treatment viral suppression was also associated with a reduction in IP-10, CXCL11 and MIP-1β levels. In contrast, circulating IFN-α levels were significantly higher at EOT and PTW12 in responders vs relapsers. Upregulation of peripheral ISG expression is established early in the course of HCV infection during acute HCV infection, but did not predict subsequent treatment outcome with SOF+RBV. ISGs were downregulated during therapy and increased post-therapy in relapsers. IFN-α levels were higher in responders at EOT/PTW12, suggesting that impaired type I IFN production/secretion may contribute to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carlton-Smith
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Holmes
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Naggie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Lidofsky
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G M Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R T Chung
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abdel-Hakeem MS, Tonnerre P, Khan O, Stelekati E, Ali M, Lauer GM, Wherry E. A31 REPROGRAMMING OF EXHAUSTED T CELLS FOLLOWING CURE OF CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdel-Hakeem
- Penn Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P Tonnerre
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - O Khan
- Penn Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Stelekati
- Penn Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Ali
- Penn Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G M Lauer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - E Wherry
- Penn Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Scheurich C, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Kim AY, Lewis-Ximenez L, Meyer T, Polywka S, Chung RT, Lauer GM. Breadth of the HCV-specific CD4+ T-cell response in spontaneous resolvers is independent of the IL-28 haplotype. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:831-2. [PMID: 27346754 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Scheurich
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - A Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Polywka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Over 85% of the world's nearly 170 million hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected subjects exist in regions of Africa, Southeast Asia and Middle Eastern countries where genotypes 4-6 are very common. In particular, HCV genotype 4 is highly prevalent in Egypt with more than 19% of the population infected and chronic HCV representing one of the top five leading causes of death, due in part to ineffective interferon alpha treatment against this genotype. Despite this, very little work has been carried out to characterize the sequence diversity of genotype 4, which will be critical to the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies against this genotype. As a result of the paucity of sequence data available for HCV genotype 4, for which only one full genome sequence is currently available, we were interested in characterizing additional genotype 4 sequences and to provide reagents for amplification of this genotype. Here we describe seven unique HCV genotype 4a full genomes, in addition to a single genotype 4d genome, and characterize their sequence diversity in relation to other more closely characterized HCV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timm
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Lauer
- Infectious Disease Division and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Wong DK, Dudley DD, Dohrenwend PB, Lauer GM, Chung RT, Thomas DL, Walker BD. Detection of diverse hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of infected persons by screening for responses to all translated proteins of HCV. J Virol 2001; 75:1229-35. [PMID: 11152496 PMCID: PMC114029 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.3.1229-1235.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2000] [Accepted: 11/03/2000] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly directed hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been identified from liver-infiltrating lymphocytes but have been more difficult to assess in peripheral blood of infected persons. To enhance the detection of CTL from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we cocultured PBMC with autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines that had been infected with recombinant vaccinia virus constructs so that they expressed the entire translated polyprotein of HCV-H, a type 1a strain. These stimulated cells from HCV-infected as well as exposed seronegative persons were then cloned at limiting dilution and tested for HCV-specific CTL activity using a standard (51)Cr release assay. HCV-specific CTL were detected in PBMC from seven of nine persons with chronic hepatitis, including five of seven in whom CTL had previously been detected from liver biopsy specimens but not PBMC. In a single person with chronic HCV infection, CTL directed against as many as five different epitopes were detected in peripheral blood and were similar in specificity to those detected in liver tissue. This technique was used to evaluate eight subjects identified to be at high risk for HCV exposure due to continued injection drug abuse; no evidence of CTL in PBMC was found. We conclude that CTL can be detected in PBMC from the majority of persons with chronic HCV infection but are present at lower levels or absent in exposed but persistently seronegative persons. The high degree of concordance of HCV epitopes identified from liver and PBMC suggests that this strategy is a reasonable alternative to liver biopsy for characterizing the CTL response to HCV in chronically infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Wong
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lauer GM, Sorofman B. Research in cultural diversity. Microcomputer applications in cross-cultural qualitative research. West J Nurs Res 1987; 9:272-4. [PMID: 3649132 DOI: 10.1177/019394598700900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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