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Abdullah L, Nkiliza A, Niedospial D, Aldrich G, Bartenfelder G, Keegan A, Hoffmann M, Mullan M, Klimas N, Baraniuk J, Crawford F, Krengel M, Chao L, Sullivan K. Genetic association between the APOE ε4 allele, toxicant exposures and Gulf war illness diagnosis. Environ Health 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37415220 PMCID: PMC10324249 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to nerve agents, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and oil-well fires during the 1991 Gulf War (GW) are major contributors to the etiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Since the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is associated with the risk of cognitive decline with age, particularly in the presence of environmental exposures, and cognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms experienced by veterans with GWI, we examined whether the ε4 allele was associated with GWI. METHODS Using a case-control design, we obtained data on APOE genotypes, demographics, and self-reported GW exposures and symptoms that were deposited in the Boston Biorepository and Integrative Network (BBRAIN) for veterans diagnosed with GWI (n = 220) and healthy GW control veterans (n = 131). Diagnosis of GWI was performed using the Kansas and/or Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria. RESULTS Age- and sex-adjusted analyses showed a significantly higher odds ratio for meeting the GWI case criteria in the presence of the ε4 allele (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI = 1.07-3.15], p ≤ 0.05) and with two copies of the ε4 allele (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.23-3.21], p ≤ 0.01). Combined exposure to pesticides and PB pills (OR = 4.10 [2.12-7.91], p ≤ 0.05) as well as chemical alarms and PB pills (OR = 3.30 [1.56-6.97] p ≤ 0.05) during the war were also associated with a higher odds ratio for meeting GWI case criteria. There was also an interaction between the ε4 allele and exposure to oil well fires (OR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.07-5.62], p ≤ 0.05) among those who met the GWI case criteria. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the presence of the ε4 allele was associated with meeting the GWI case criteria. Gulf War veterans who reported exposure to oil well fires and have an ε4 allele were more likely to meet GWI case criteria. Long-term surveillance of veterans with GWI, particularly those with oil well fire exposure, is required to better assess the future risk of cognitive decline among this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - A Nkiliza
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - G Aldrich
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - A Keegan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - M Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - N Klimas
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Miami VA Medical Center GRECC, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Baraniuk
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Krengel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Chao
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Sullivan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Smith
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - G Aldrich
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
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Donadelli R, Aldrich G. PSXIII-37 A comparison of different methods of estimation of dry fecal output in dogs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Donadelli
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - G Aldrich
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Li
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas
| | - S. Smith
- Department of Grain Science and Industry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas
| | - G. Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas
| | - K. Koppel
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas
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Morts ME, Aldrich G, Jones CK, Beyer S. 235 An evaluation of the protein quality of various protein sources from chicken, whey, and soy concentrates commonly used in pet diets and select human performance foods. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Galton VA, Wood ET, St Germain EA, Withrow CA, Aldrich G, St Germain GM, Clark AS, St Germain DL. Thyroid hormone homeostasis and action in the type 2 deiodinase-deficient rodent brain during development. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3080-8. [PMID: 17332058 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considerable indirect evidence suggests that the type 2 deiodinase (D2) generates T3 from T4 for local use in specific tissues such as pituitary, brown fat, and brain, and studies with a D2-deficent mouse, the D2 knockout (D2KO) mouse, have shown this to be the case in pituitary and brown fat. The present study employs the D2KO mouse to determine the role of D2 in the developing brain. As expected, the T3 content in the neonatal D2KO brain was markedly reduced to a level comparable with that seen in the hypothyroid neonatal wild-type mouse. However, the mRNA levels of several T3-responsive genes were either unaffected or much less affected in the brain of the D2KO mouse than in that of the hypothyroid mouse, and compared with the hypothyroid mouse, the D2KO mouse exhibited a very mild neurological phenotype. The current view of thyroid hormone homeostasis in the brain dictates that the T3 present in neurons is generated mostly, if not exclusively, from T4 by the D2 in glial cells. This view is inadequate to explain the findings presented herein, and it is suggested that important compensatory mechanisms must be in play in the brain to minimize functional abnormalities in the absence of the D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Anne Galton
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
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Náray-Fejes-Tóth A, Canessa C, Cleaveland ES, Aldrich G, Fejes-Tóth G. sgk is an aldosterone-induced kinase in the renal collecting duct. Effects on epithelial na+ channels. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:16973-8. [PMID: 10358046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.24.16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The early phase of the stimulatory effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption in renal epithelia is thought to involve activation of apical sodium channels. However, the genes initiating this effect are unknown. We used a combination of polymerase chain reaction-based subtractive hybridization and differential display techniques to identify aldosterone-regulated immediate early genes in renal mineralocorticoid target cells. We report here that aldosterone rapidly increases mRNA levels of a putative Ser/Thr kinase, sgk (or serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase), in its native target cells, i.e. in cortical collecting duct cells. The effect occurs within 30 min of the addition of aldosterone, is mediated through mineralocorticoid receptors, and does not require de novo protein synthesis. The full-length sequences of rabbit and mouse sgk cDNAs were determined. Both cDNAs show significant homology to rat and human sgk (88-94% at the nucleotide level, and 96-99% at the amino acid level). Coexpression of the mouse sgk in Xenopus oocytes with the three subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel results in a significantly enhanced Na+ current. These results suggest that sgk is an immediate early aldosterone-induced gene, and this protein kinase plays an important role in the early phase of aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Náray-Fejes-Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001, USA.
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