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Schrenker S, Cucchiarini M, Goebel L, Oláh T, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Speicher-Mentges S, Maihöfer J, Gao L, Zurakowski D, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Madry H. In vivo rAAV-mediated human TGF-β overexpression reduces perifocal osteoarthritis and improves osteochondral repair in a large animal model at one year. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:467-481. [PMID: 36481450 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious consequence of focal osteochondral defects. Gene transfer of human transforming growth factor beta (hTGF-β) with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors offers a strategy to improve osteochondral repair. However, the long-term in vivo effects of such rAAV-mediated TGF-β overexpression including its potential benefits on OA development remain unknown. METHOD Focal osteochondral defects in minipig knees received rAAV-lacZ (control) or rAAV-hTGF-β in vivo. After one year, osteochondral repair and perifocal OA were visualized using validated macroscopic scoring, ultra-high-field MRI at 9.4 T, and micro-CT. A quantitative estimation of the cellular densities and a validated semi-quantitative scoring of histological and immunohistological parameters completed the analysis of microarchitectural parameters. RESULTS Direct rAAV-hTGF-β application induced and maintained significantly improved defect filling and safranin O staining intensity and overall cartilage repair at one year in vivo. In addition, rAAV-hTGF-β led to significantly higher chondrocyte densities within the cartilaginous repair tissue without affecting chondrocyte hypertrophy and minimized subarticular trabecular separation. Of note, rAAV-hTGF-β significantly improved the adjacent cartilage structure and chondrocyte density and reduced overall perifocal OA development after one year in vivo. CONCLUSIONS rAAV-hTGF-β treatment improves long-term osteochondral repair and delays the progression of perifocal OA in a translational model. These findings have considerable potential for targeted molecular approaches to treat focal osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrenker
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - M Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - L Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - T Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - J K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - G Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - S Speicher-Mentges
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - J Maihöfer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - L Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - D Zurakowski
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - M W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - H Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Chen HA, Ho YJ, Mezzadra R, Adrover JM, Smolkin R, Zhu C, Woess K, Bernstein N, Schmitt G, Fong L, Luan W, Wuest A, Tian S, Li X, Broderick C, Hendrickson RC, Egeblad M, Chen Z, Alonso-Curbelo D, Lowe SW. Senescence Rewires Microenvironment Sensing to Facilitate Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:432-453. [PMID: 36302222 PMCID: PMC9901536 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence involves a stable cell-cycle arrest coupled to a secretory program that, in some instances, stimulates the immune clearance of senescent cells. Using an immune-competent liver cancer model in which senescence triggers CD8 T cell-mediated tumor rejection, we show that senescence also remodels the cell-surface proteome to alter how tumor cells sense environmental factors, as exemplified by type II interferon (IFNγ). Compared with proliferating cells, senescent cells upregulate the IFNγ receptor, become hypersensitized to microenvironmental IFNγ, and more robustly induce the antigen-presenting machinery-effects also recapitulated in human tumor cells undergoing therapy-induced senescence. Disruption of IFNγ sensing in senescent cells blunts their immune-mediated clearance without disabling the senescence state or its characteristic secretory program. Our results demonstrate that senescent cells have an enhanced ability to both send and receive environmental signals and imply that each process is required for their effective immune surveillance. SIGNIFICANCE Our work uncovers an interplay between tissue remodeling and tissue-sensing programs that can be engaged by senescence in advanced cancers to render tumor cells more visible to the adaptive immune system. This new facet of senescence establishes reciprocal heterotypic signaling interactions that can be induced therapeutically to enhance antitumor immunity. See related article by Marin et al., p. 410. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-An Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Riccardo Mezzadra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ryan Smolkin
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katharina Woess
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Linda Fong
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Luan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Wuest
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sha Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Broderick
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald C. Hendrickson
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Zhenghao Chen
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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Heiberger A, Schulz AA, von Sommoggy J, Dresch C, Altawil H, Schmitt G, Lander J. „Model of engaged participation in research studies“
– theoriegeleitete Planung und Umsetzung von Rekrutierungsprozessen in
der Public Health Forschung im Rahmen des DFG-Forschungsverbunds HELICAP (FOR
2959). Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Heiberger
- Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für
Alltagskultur, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Fachrichtung Forschungsmethoden in den
Gesundheitswissenschaften, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland
| | - AA Schulz
- Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für
Alltagskultur, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Fachrichtung Forschungsmethoden in den
Gesundheitswissenschaften, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland
| | - J von Sommoggy
- Universität Regensburg, Medizinische Soziologie, Institut
für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Regensburg,
Deutschland
| | - C Dresch
- Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für
Alltagskultur, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Fachrichtung Forschungsmethoden in den
Gesundheitswissenschaften, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland
| | - H Altawil
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Epidemiologie,
Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung, Hannover,
Deutschland
| | - G Schmitt
- Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut für
Alltagskultur, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Fachrichtung Forschungsmethoden in den
Gesundheitswissenschaften, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland
| | - J Lander
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Institut für Epidemiologie,
Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung, Hannover,
Deutschland
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Altawil H, Dorr F, Dresch C, Grepmeier EM, Hasenpusch C, Heiberger A, Lander J, Matterne U, Pawellek M, Pöhnl L, Schmitt G, Schulz AA, Sieferle K, von Sommoggy J. REKRUTIERUNG VON STUDIENTEILNEHMENDEN IN DER SOZIALMEDIZINISCHEN UND
MEDIZINSOZIOLOGISCHEN FORSCHUNGSPRAXIS – ERWARTUNGEN, PRAXISERFAHRUNGEN
UND OPTIONEN FÜR THEORIEGELEITETE VORGEHENSWEISEN. Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Altawil
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - F Dorr
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - C Dresch
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - E-M Grepmeier
- Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg,
Deutschland
| | - C Hasenpusch
- Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg,
Deutschland
| | - A Heiberger
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - J Lander
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - U Matterne
- Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg,
Deutschland
| | - M Pawellek
- Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - L Pöhnl
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - G Schmitt
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - AA Schulz
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
| | - K Sieferle
- Pädagogische Hochule Freiburg, Freiburg,
Deutschland
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Leconte I, Barrow P, Braendli-Baiocco A, Fant P, Schmitt G, Tardiveau C. Juvenile minipigs: a suitable model for the pediatric safety assessment of antisense oligonucleotides. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aggensteiner PM, Brandeis D, Millenet S, Hohmann S, Ruckes C, Beuth S, Albrecht B, Schmitt G, Schermuly S, Wörz S, Gevensleben H, Freitag CM, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A, Strehl U, Holtmann M. Slow cortical potentials neurofeedback in children with ADHD: comorbidity, self-regulation and clinical outcomes 6 months after treatment in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1087-1095. [PMID: 30610380 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite sizeable short-term effects of neurofeedback (NF) therapy on attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), longer-term clinical, comorbidity and self-regulation outcomes are less systematically studied. The aim of this largest NF follow-up to date was to evaluate these outcomes 6 months after NF compared to a semi-active control to disentangle specific from unspecific sustained effects. We performed a multicenter, randomized, parallel, controlled, clinical, superiority trial in five German university outpatient departments. Participants were eligible if they fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD and were aged from 7 to 9 years. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1-ratio) to 25 sessions of slow cortical potential (SCP)-NF or electromyogram biofeedback (EMG-BF). Participants were not blinded, since they received instructions according to each treatment setting. Primary outcomes were parent ratings of ADHD. The trial was registered, number ISRCTN761871859. Both groups showed improvement of ADHD symptoms compared to baseline at 6-months follow-up with large effect sizes for SCP-NF (d = 1.04) and EMG-BF (d = 0.85), but without group differences. When analyzing all assessments (pre-test, post-test-1, post-test-2 and follow-up), a group-by-time interaction emerged (p = 0.0062), with SCP-NF showing stable improvement following treatment but EMG-BF showing a relapse from post-test-1 to post-test-2, and subsequent remission at follow-up. Six months after the end of treatment, improvement after SCP-NF remained large and stable. However, the lack of group differences at follow-up suggests shared specific and unspecific effects contributing to this clinical outcome. Our correlational results indicate specificity of SCP-NF for selected subscales after training, but not at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal-M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - D Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Beuth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Albrecht
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Schermuly
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Wörz
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Gevensleben
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Rothenberger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Strehl
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Holtmann
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
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Schmitt G. What can we do better in bringing safe medicines to children - an industry perspective. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schmitt G, Arndt F, Kahnt J, Heider J. Adaptations to a Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum: Recruitment of Alternative Enzymes for Anaerobic Phenylalanine Degradation. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:e00383-17. [PMID: 28784814 PMCID: PMC5637171 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00383-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic phenylalanine (Phe) degradation in the betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum involves transamination and decarboxylation to phenylacetaldehyde, followed by oxidation to phenylacetate. The latter reaction is catalyzed simultaneously by two enzymes, a highly specific phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PDH) and a rather unspecific tungsten-dependent aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR). Attempting to establish increased synthesis of AOR, we constructed a mutant lacking the gene for PDH. This mutant still grew on phenylalanine, exhibiting increased AOR activities on medium containing tungstate. In the absence of tungstate, the mutant showed initially severe growth deficiency, but it resumed growth on Phe after longer incubation times. Moreover, the growth rates of the mutant increased during several reinoculation cycles on either tungstate-proficient or -deficient media, reaching the same values as recorded in wild-type strains. We confirmed AOR as the major alternative enzyme serving Phe degradation under tungstate-supplied conditions and identified and characterized the alternative NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase AldB taking over the function under tungstate-deficient conditions. Sequence analysis of the respective genes from adapted cultures under either growth condition revealed a mutation in the upstream region of the aor operon and a mutation within the coding region of aldB, which are likely involved in the observed adaptation of the deletion mutant to regain fast growth on Phe.IMPORTANCE The betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum degrades many aromatic compounds under denitrifying conditions. One of the steps of phenylalanine degradation is catalyzed by two simultaneously induced enzymes, a NAD(P)-dependent phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase and a W-containing aldehyde oxidoreductase. We report here that the latter fully complements a constructed deletion mutant lacking the gene for phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase and is overproduced after several reinoculations. Moreover, an alternative NAD-dependent dehydrogenase is recruited to resume growth in tungstate-free medium, which does not allow the production of aldehyde oxidoreductase. This alternative enzyme is overproduced and seems to have acquired a point mutation in the active center. Our research illustrates the flexibility of environmentally important bacteria in adapting their metabolic pathways to new challenges within only a few generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmitt
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - F Arndt
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Heider
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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Schmitt G, Ridings J, De Schaepdrijver L, van Doesum-Wolters FLC, Cappon GD, Hartmann A. Nonclinical Safety Considerations for the Development of Pediatric-First Drugs: An Industry View. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2016; 50:632-638. [DOI: 10.1177/2168479016642813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hernandez D, Gnoatto Grigolatto G, Horak F, Flores J, Severini G, Espinosa A, Schmitt G, Amor M, Velazquez R, Soriano L. PT206 Electrocardiographic Clinical Presentation and Epidemiological Diagnosis of Patients With Chagas Disease in Six Provinces in Northern Argentina. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pocard
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CART, Inserm U965, 74575 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service de chirurgie digestive et cancérologique Clinique, 75475 Paris, France.
| | - G Schmitt
- Polyclinique Courlancy, 38 bis, rue de Courlancy, 51100 Reims, France
| | - S Niel
- Clinique de l'Île Nou-Magnin, 1, rue RP-Roman, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
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Adams A, Piechatzek A, Schmitt G, Siegmund G. Single-sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for condition monitoring of cross-linked polyethylene exposed to aggressive media. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:163-171. [PMID: 26320798 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential of single-sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to monitor truly non-invasive changes in polymer materials during aging under aggressive media is for the first time evaluated. For this, the NMR method is used in combination with other condition monitoring methods including mechanical measurements, mass uptake, and differential scanning calorimetry. It is validated by studying for the first time the aging kinetics of silane cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) exposed to media used in oil and gas production and transportation, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur solvents, and corrosion inhibitors in combination with CO2 and H2S. All investigated parameters changed, with the strongest effects detected for the NMR chain mobility and in the presence of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, a universal linear correlation curve could be established between the depression of the tensile strength and the chain mobility. This result represents a fundamental step towards establishing single-sided NMR as a new analytical tool for in situ condition monitoring of polyethylene working under sour conditions. The proposed approach can be easily extended to other polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adams
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - A Piechatzek
- Institut für Instandhaltung und Korrosionsschutztechnik gGmbH, Kalkofen 4, 58638 Iserlohn, Germany
| | - G Schmitt
- Institut für Instandhaltung und Korrosionsschutztechnik gGmbH, Kalkofen 4, 58638 Iserlohn, Germany
| | - G Siegmund
- ExxonMobil Production Germany, Riethorst 12, 30659 Hannover, Germany
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Rey-Rico A, Frisch J, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Determination of effective rAAV-mediated gene transfer conditions to support chondrogenic differentiation processes in human primary bone marrow aspirates. Gene Ther 2015; 22:50-7. [PMID: 25338919 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic modification of freshly aspirated bone marrow may provide convenient tools to enhance the regenerative capacities of cartilage defects compared with the complex manipulation of isolated progenitor cells. In the present study, we examined the ability and safety of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 2 vectors to deliver various reporter gene sequences in primary human bone marrow aspirates over time without altering the chondrogenic processes in the samples. The results demonstrate that successful rAAV-mediated gene transfer and expression of the lacZ and red fluorescent protein marker genes were achieved in transduced aspirates at very high efficiencies (90-94%) and over extended periods of time (up to 125 days) upon treatment with hirudin, an alternative anticoagulant that does not prevent the adsorption of the rAAV-2 particles at the surface of their targets compared with heparin. Application of rAAV was safe, displaying neither cytotoxic nor detrimental effects on the cellular and proliferative activities or on the chondrogenic processes in the aspirates especially using an optimal dose of 0.5 mg ml(-1) hirudin, and application of the potent SOX9 transcription factor even enhanced these processes while counteracting hypertrophic differentiation. The current findings demonstrate the clinical value of this class of vector to durably and safely modify bone marrow aspirates as a means to further develop convenient therapeutic approaches to improve the healing of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - G Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - H Madry
- 1] Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Schmitt G. Application of Inhibitors for Acid Media: Report prepared for the European Federation of Corrosion Working Party on Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/000705984798273100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS Natural rubber (poly-[cis-1,4-isoprene]) can be cleaved into 12-oxo-4,8-dimethyltrideca-4,8-diene-1-al by rubber oxygenase A (RoxA) isolated from Xanthomonas sp. RoxA is a novel type of dihaem dioxygenase with unknown cleavage mechanism of the rubber carbon backbone. Analysis of mutant RoxA after mutagenesis could be a way to investigate the function of selected amino acids of RoxA during catalysis. Unfortunately, expression of functional RoxA in recombinant Escherichia coli or in recombinant γ-Proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas putida was not possible in our hands. Therefore, expression of recombinant RoxA in the homologous host, Xanthomonas, was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS A transformation system via electroporation was established, and a conjugation system was optimized for Xanthomonas sp. Inactivation of the chromosomal roxA gene by insertional mutagenesis resulted in inability of Xanthomonas sp. to produce active RoxA and to utilize rubber as a sole source of carbon and energy. When an intact copy of roxA was cloned under control of a rhamnose-inducible promoter in a broad host range vector and was transferred to Xanthomonas sp., high expression levels of functional RoxA in the presence of rhamnose were obtained. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Purification of recombinantly expressed RoxA was simplified because of drastically shortened fermentation times and because separation of RoxA from remaining rubber latex particles was not necessary with rhamnose-induced cultures. About 6 mg purified RoxA were obtained from 1 l of cell-free culture fluid. Purified recombinant RoxA was highly active and revealed comparable spectral properties as RoxA purified from the wild type. The results of our study are the methodical basis for molecular biological manipulation in Xanthomonas sp. and will simplify investigation into the biochemical mechanisms by which rubber can be biodegraded in the environment by this novel extracellular dihaem dioxygenase RoxA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hambsch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Schmitt G, Kaufmann H, Scheidt J. Röntgendiagnostische Befunde und Strahlentherapie des primären Ureterkarzinoms. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1229235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schmitt G, Ewen K, Teske HJ. Gonaden- und Linsendosismessungen am Patienten und Untersucher bei Angiographien der unteren Körperhälfte (Renovasographien, Becken- und Extremitätenarteriographien) mit Metaphosphatglasdosimetern. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1229497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Slim K, Blay JY, Brouquet A, Chatelain D, Comy M, Delpero JR, Denet C, Elias D, Fléjou JF, Fourquier P, Fuks D, Glehen O, Karoui M, Kohneh-Shahri N, Lesurtel M, Mariette C, Mauvais F, Nicolet J, Perniceni T, Piessen G, Regimbeau JM, Rouanet P, sauvanet A, Schmitt G, Vons C, Lasser P, Belghiti J, Berdah S, Champault G, Chiche L, Chipponi J, Chollet P, De Baère T, Déchelotte P, Garcier JM, Gayet B, Gouillat C, Kianmanesh R, Laurent C, Meyer C, Millat B, Msika S, Nordlinger B, Paraf F, Partensky C, Peschaud F, Pocard M, Sastre B, Scoazec JY, Scotté M, Triboulet JP, Trillaud H, Valleur P. [Digestive oncology: surgical practices]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 146 Suppl 2:S11-80. [PMID: 19435621 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(09)72398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Slim
- Chirurgien Clermont-Ferrand.
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Vargas CR, Sitta A, Schmitt G, Ferreira GC, Cardoso ML, Coelho D, Gibson KM, Wajner M. Incidence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HL) deficiency in Brazil, South America. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 3:511-5. [PMID: 18080783 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficiency (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, 3-HMG) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism involving the final step of leucine degradation. HL is the key enzyme for the production of glucose-sparing ketone bodies for brain. Positive biochemical findings are metabolic acidosis, hyperammonaemia, and hypoketotic hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period or infancy. In the present study we report 15 Brazilian patients with HL deficiency and present their clinical and biochemical findings. Urine from all patients contained large amounts of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaconic, 3-hydroxyisovaleric and 3-methylglutaric acids, and 3-methylcrotonylglycine was also observed in 13 patients. The main features at clinical presentation were hypoglycaemia (12 patients), seizures (10 patients), metabolic acidosis (9 patients), vomiting (6 patients), and hepatomegaly (5 patients). All but two patients were of Portuguese ancestry. HL deficiency comprised 7.3% of total organic acidurias detected in our laboratory during a 13-year time span, indicating a high incidence of this disorder in Brazil. Limited molecular characterization (4/15 patients only) revealed two mutations common for individuals of Portuguese/Spanish (Iberian Peninsula) ancestry (E37X and V168fs(-2)). Our findings increase the number of HL-deficient patients and reinforce the characteristic phenotypic picture of the disease. Effective dietary interventions based on mild protein restriction and avoidance of fasting and possibly alternative C5 ketone body generating therapy for this disorder may provide further impetus and rationale for expanded newborn screening of HL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Vargas
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Meisenzahl E, Schmitt G, Gründer G, Dresel S, Frodl T, la Fougère C, Scheuerecker J, Schwarz M, Boerner R, Stauss J, Hahn K, Möller HJ. Striatal D2/D3 Receptor Occupancy, Clinical Response and Side Effects with Amisulpride: An Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPET Study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2008; 41:169-75. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zetzsche T, Preuss UW, Bondy B, Frodl T, Zill P, Schmitt G, Koutsouleris N, Rujescu D, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. 5-HT1A receptor gene C -1019 G polymorphism and amygdala volume in borderline personality disorder. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 7:306-13. [PMID: 18387137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of amygdala structure and function have been repeatedly described in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of our study was to determine whether a functional polymorphism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor (5-HTR(1A)) gene C -1019 G (identity number: rs6295 G/C) is associated with structural changes of the amygdala in patients with BPD. Twenty-five right-handed female inpatients with BPD according to DSM IV and 25 healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness and educational status were enrolled. Brain volumetry of the amygdala was performed with a 1.5-T Magnetom Vision apparatus (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and analyzed by the software program 'BRAINS'. Patients who have the 5-HTR(1A) gene G allele had significantly smaller amygdala volumes than C/C genotype carriers (P = 0.02). While no difference of allelic distribution between patients and controls was detected, the described effect of 5-HTR(1A) genotype on amygdala volume was found for the whole group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of patients with comorbid major depression (P = 0.004) but not in controls. In contrast to these subgroups of BPD patients who had significant amygdala volume differences, the mean amygdala volume of the whole group of BPD patients was not significantly different from that of controls. In summary, our study provides first evidence that 5-HTR(1A) gene C -1019 G polymorphism is associated with structural changes in the limbic system of BPD patients, a finding that might be disease related and might contribute to explanation of previous discrepant results regarding amygdala volume changes in BPD. Future research is recommended to clarify possible interactions between this functional polymorphism and symptoms, course and treatment responses in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zetzsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Various cytophysiological aspects of the pars intermedia of the pituitary are discussed. Cells containing melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) have been studied under normal and experimental conditions. They react to variations in ionic equilibrium, but without any clear correlation with natraemia and osmotic blood pressure. The MSH-cell stimulation in hypernatraemic mice, which is not inhibited by bromocriptine, seems more specific than the stimulation in hyponatraemic mice, which is blocked by bromocriptine. The existence of a corticotropic cell system has been clearly demonstrated in the mouse (where it is particularly obvious), in the rat and in the cat but its significance is not clear. Although very poorly vascularized, the pars intermedia is rapidly invaded by tracer protein (horseradish peroxidase) injected either intravenously or intracerebroventricularly. The hypophysial cleft rapidly stores the tracer which can be resorbed by macrophagic epithelial cells lying free in the colloid contained in the cleft. Horseradish peroxidase lingers in the pars intermedia but is rapidly eliminated from the other hypophysial lobes after intraventricular (third ventricle) injection. Diffuse innervation of the pars intermedia applies to both glandular (MSH and ACTH) and non-glandular (epithelial and stellate) cells. While aminergic innervation of the pars intermedia is obvious, cholinergic innervation has not been demonstrated ultrastructurally or histochemically. Peptidergic fibres only occasionally penetrate marginal areas of the pars intermedia and seldom establish synaptic contacts with glandular cells. A specific relationship might exist between the pars intermedia and oxytocin fibres in view of the marginal distribution of the latter in the neural lobe. Numerous stellate cells of the pars intermedia react intensely with antiserum to gliofibrillar acid protein, indicating their astrocyte nature, which reinforces the idea of an analogy between the folliculo-stellate system of the hypophysis and the glial cells.
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Scheuerecker J, Ufer S, Zipse M, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Albrecht J, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Cerebral changes and cognitive dysfunctions in medication-free schizophrenia - an fMRI study. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42:469-76. [PMID: 17559877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Proposing cognitive impairment in working memory (wm) functions as a cognitive core deficit in schizophrenia, 23 first episode, medication-free schizophrenic patients in a comparison of healthy adults have been investigated by fMRI. Additionally, the effects of different attentional demands in wm tasks were analysed. A wm paradigm was applied, in which stimuli were presented in a 2-back and a 0-back condition in a non-degraded and degraded version. As hypothesized in healthy controls increased activity during both 2-back tasks was found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), parietal regions, the thalamus and the cerebellum. Different activation patterns were found for the cingulate cortex in the 2-back degraded conditions. The comparison between healthy controls and schizophrenic patients revealed decreased activity in the right VLPFC in patients as well as increased activity in temporal regions. Furthermore patients' task performance quality was significantly lower for 2-back conditions. Schizophrenic patients use different cognitive strategies to solve working memory tasks, reflected in significantly altered cerebral activity. However, the different fMRI working memory correlates found in schizophrenic patients seem to be insufficient in terms of overall task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scheuerecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Scheuerecker J, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Kleemann AM, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Cerebral differences in explicit and implicit emotional processing--an fMRI study. Neuropsychobiology 2008; 56:32-9. [PMID: 17986835 DOI: 10.1159/000110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The processing of emotional facial expression is a major part of social communication and understanding. In addition to explicit processing, facial expressions are also processed rapidly and automatically in the absence of explicit awareness. We investigated 12 healthy subjects by presenting them with an implicit and explicit emotional paradigm. The subjects reacted significantly faster in implicit than in explicit trials but did not differ in their error ratio. For the implicit condition increased signals were observed in particular in the thalami, the hippocampi, the frontal inferior gyri and the right middle temporal region. The analysis of the explicit condition showed increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals especially in the caudate nucleus, the cingulum and the right prefrontal cortex. The direct comparison of these 2 different processes revealed increased activity for explicit trials in the inferior, superior and middle frontal gyri, the middle cingulum and left parietal regions. Additional signal increases were detected in occipital regions, the cerebellum, and the right angular and lingual gyrus. Our data partially confirm the hypothesis of different neural substrates for the processing of implicit and explicit emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scheuerecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Meisenzahl E, Scheuerecker J, Schmitt G, Möller H. Dopamine, Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory Functioning in Schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-992132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zetzsche T, Preuss UW, Frodl T, Watz D, Schmitt G, Koutsouleris N, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. In-vivo topography of structural alterations of the anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmitt G, La Fougère C, Dresel S, Frodl T, Hahn K, Möller H, Meisenzahl E. The productive psychotic syndrome in first episode schizophrenic patients is associated with a striatal hyperdopaminergic state: Evidence from dual-isotope SPECT imaging. Clin Neurophysiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meisenzahl EM, Ottes T, Zetzsche T, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Schmitt G, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ. Schizophrenie: Eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung? Eine 6-Jahres Follow-Up MRT Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koutsouleris N, Gaser C, Jäger M, Bottlender R, Frodl T, Holzinger S, Schmitt G, Zetzsche T, Burgermeister B, Nenadic I, Scheuerecker J, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Zusammenhang von zerebralen, strukturellen Veränderungen und psychopathologischen Syndromen der Schizophrenie: Eine VBM/MRT Studie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Scheuerecker J, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Wiesmann M, Kleemann AM, Brückmann H, Schmitt G, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. Implizite und explizite Emotionsverarbeitung: Eine funktionelle MRT Untersuchung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meisenzahl EM, Scheuerecker J, Zipse M, Ufer S, Wiesmann M, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Schmitt G, Riedel M, Spellmann I, Dehning S, Linn J, Brückmann H, Möller HJ. Effects of treatment with the atypical neuroleptic quetiapine on working memory function: a functional MRI follow-up investigation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:522-31. [PMID: 17151834 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-006-0687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory as a part of higher-order executive functions is defined by the parallel storage and processing of information. Recent functional fMRI studies have revealed a functional, interregional disintegration of a neuronal network connecting cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions in schizophrenic patients (SZ). Cognitive impairment in working memory is a core psychopathological correlate of schizophrenic symptoms. Atypical neuroleptics such as quetiapine have shown good efficacy in treating positive and negative symptoms. The presented study evaluated the impact of a neuroleptic steady state treatment with quetiapine on the altered working memory activation patterns in schizophrenia. METHODS Patients were examined by fMRI at baseline and after 12 weeks of steady state treatment with quetiapine. Matched healthy controls (HC) underwent baseline examination. In the scanner, stimuli were presented in a 2-back and 0-back condition of a working memory (wm) paradigm, whereby a degraded and a non-degraded version were used each time. Additionally, behavioural responses (reaction time to target stimuli and error ratio) were measured. RESULTS At baseline, healthy controls revealed increased activity in the frontal lobe, especially in regions of the prefrontal cortex. Compared to HC, SZ showed hypoactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) bilaterally for the 2-back condition. In the 2-back degraded condition there was a hypoactivation in both, the right DLPFC and the VLPFC. Additionally, patients showed bilaterally decreased activation in the basalganglia in the 2-back and in the right caudatus in the 2-back degraded condition compared to healthy controls. After treatment with quetiapine, patients activations patterns were increased. The pre-post comparison of the 2-back condition revealed a significant increase of activation in the left VLPFC at a significance level of 0.001 (uncorrected). The 2-back degraded condition led to a significant activation pattern in the lingual gyrus and the right precuneus. In both wm conditions, at baseline there were no differences in reaction time but only a worse performance in SZ. After treatment, behavioural measurement of responses, including reaction time and performance, showed slight improvements in SZ, although these did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The neuronal networks underlying working memory are clearly altered in schizophrenia. After 12 weeks of treatment with quetiapine monotherapy, patients showed significant clinical improvement and revealed increased BOLD activity in the VLPFC during a working memory task, although there was no improvement of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Meisenzahl
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Pape H, Orth K, Heese A, Heyll A, Kobbe G, Schmitt G, Niederbichler AD, Peiper M, Schwarz A, Boelke E. G-CSF during large field radiotherapy reduces bone marrow recovery capacity. Eur J Med Res 2006; 11:322-8. [PMID: 17052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Side effects of chemo- and radiotherapy are granulo- and thrombocytopenia. However, the long-term effects of in vivo granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulation of the hematopoietic system during radiotherapy are not yet completely understood. In the present study, we sought to determine the bone marrow effect of G-CSF during radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective, randomized clinical trial 10 patients (6 m, 4 f, 30-64 yrs, mean 50.6 yrs) were assigned to large field radiotherapy (RT). 7 patients (pat.) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, one patient with Hodgkin's disease and 2 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung were included. The patients were randomized to either radiotherapy alone (group A) or radiotherapy with simultaneous G-CSF (group B) treatment and assessed for acute and late toxicity. Blood samples were drawn and analyzed before and after G-CSF stimulation. The mobilization effectivity of G-CSF on CD34 superset+ progenitor cells was measured using flow cytometry and colony forming units (CFU) testing on admission and during the complete follow-up period (1, 3 and 18 months post RTx). RESULTS Overall, 50 pat. were intended to be included to the protocol. However, the preliminary analysis revealed a significant decrease of thrombocytes and CD34 superset+ progenitor cells in the G-CSF treatment group. According to the study protocol further treatment was stopped. Peripheral leukocyte counts ranged between 2800 - 4375 /mul in 9/10 pat. In group B mean thrombocyte levels dropped below 30.000 mg/l and CD34 superset+ progenitor cells to 50% (interruption criteria, p<0.02, Student's t-test). Hemoglobin values did not vary. Differential blood smears showed differences in granulocyte counts and a higher proportion of neutrophils in group B. Lymphocyte counts of patients randomized to group A were significantly decreased when compared to group B. In group A, 3/5 pat. developed an overshooting reaction (4,7 x increase) after G-CSF-stimulation. In arm B circulating CD34 superset+ progenitor cells dropped. In arm A, 3/5 pat. had an initial overshoot reaction when compared to none in group B. CFU (> 40 cells) and cluster (4 -39 cells) showed considerable variations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that simultaneous treatment with G-CSF during radiotherapy reduces the mobilization of CD34+ progenitor cells and exhaust the bone marrow capacity while peripheral leukocyte counts remain at baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pape
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Schneider S, Schmitt G, Richter W. Prevalence and correlates of inflammatory arthritis in Germany: data from the First National Health Survey. Rheumatol Int 2006; 27:29-38. [PMID: 16819609 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to generate data on the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis in different subgroups of the population and to identify correlates on the basis of population-based cross-sectional data: the "First National Health Survey of the Federal Republic of Germany". This Survey investigated the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis, comorbidity and health-relevant behaviors on the basis of interviews with physicians and medical evaluations conducted in the period from October 1997 to March 1999. The study was based on a net sample comprising 6,461 subjects aged 18-79. Our data demonstrate an overall prevalence of 3.4% for inflammatory arthritis. The prevalence of inflammatory arthritis is significantly higher in women, the over-50, lower-income groups, and habitual smokers. Patients with inflammatory arthritis have a higher rate of numerous comorbidities such as osteoporosis, thyroid disease, chronic bronchial disease, hypertension, and elevated blood lipids versus healthy reference groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Research Department, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hebting Y, Schaeffer P, Behrens A, Adam P, Schmitt G, Schneckenburger P, Bernasconi SM, Albrecht P. Biomarker Evidence for a Major Preservation Pathway of Sedimentary Organic Carbon. Science 2006; 312:1627-31. [PMID: 16690819 DOI: 10.1126/science.1126372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenation processes leading from biomolecules to fossil biomarkers in anoxic sediments are crucial for the preservation of organic matter. However, these processes are still poorly understood. The present identification of several reduced carotenoids in recent sediments attests that these processes operate at the earliest stages of diagenesis without structural or stereochemical specificity, implying a nonbiological reduction pathway. Sulfur species (e.g., H2S) are the hydrogen donors involved in such reduction, as demonstrated with laboratory experiments. These reactions allow the preservation of abundant organic carbon in the rock record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hebting
- Laboratoire de Géochimie Bioorganique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7509 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Schmitt G, La Fougère C, Dresel S, Frodl T, Hahn K, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl EM. The productive psychotic syndrome in first episode schizophrenic patients is associated with a striatal hyperdopaminergic state: Evidence from Dual-Isotope-SPECT Imaging. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-939281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zetzsche T, Frodl TS, Schüle C, Baghai TC, Seifert D, Tabrizi S, Preuss UW, Schmitt G, Born C, Reiser M, Rupprecht R, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl E. Structural alterations of amygdala and hippocampus and HPA axis dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Frodl TS, Zetzsche T, Schmitt G, Schlossbauer T, Jäger MW, Bottlender R, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Meisenzahl E. Hippocampal and amygdala volume changes in patients with major depression and healthy controls during a three year follow-up. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the paper was to generate up-to-date, representative osteoarthritis prevalence data for individual population subgroups and to identify potential risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, the "First National Health Survey", investigated the prevalence of osteoarthritis, comorbidity and health-relevant behaviours of the post-unification German population on the basis of interviews with physicians and medical evaluations conducted in the period from October 1997 to March 1990. The study was based on a net sample comprising 6205 subjects aged 18-79 years. RESULTS The three main correlates for osteoarthritis are age, obesity and occupational stress factors. Osteoarthritis patients are more likely to have osteoporosis, thyroid disease, chronic bronchial disease, hypertension and elevated blood lipids, but do not tend to have a higher incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSION Our data show the importance of preventive behavioural approaches such as weight management and workplaces designed to limit joint overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Stiftung Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Universität Heidelberg.
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Tao S, Cui YH, Xu FL, Li BG, Cao J, Liu WX, Schmitt G, Wang XJ, Shen WR, Qing BP, Sun R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin. Sci Total Environ 2004; 320:11-24. [PMID: 14987923 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several types of vegetables were collected from two contaminated sites in Tianjin, China. The bulk soil and the rhizosphere soil samples were also collected from the same plots. Sixteen PAHs in the samples were measured. The total concentrations of PAH16 in the bulk soil from the two sites were 1.08 and 6.25 microg/g, respectively, with similar pattern. The concentrations of PAH16 and individual compounds in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in the bulk soil with mean values of 2.25 and 7.82 microg/g for the two sites, respectively. The contents of both total and dissolved organic matter in the rhizosphere were also higher than those in the bulk soil. Almost all PAH compounds studied were detected in both roots and aerial parts of the vegetables studied. Abundance of higher molecular weight PAHs in vegetable, however, was lower than that in soil. Concentrations of PAH16 in vegetable were higher than those reported in the literature for other areas. It appears that agricultural soils and vegetables in Tianjin, especially those from the site located immediately next to an urban district and irrigated with wastewater for several decades, are severely contaminated by PAHs. Among the eight types of vegetable studied, the highest concentration of PAHs was found in cauliflower. By average, the concentration of PAH16 in the aerial part of vegetables was 6.5 times higher as that in vegetable root, suggesting that foliar uptake is the primary transfer pathway of PAHs from environment to vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Meisenzahl EM, Frodl T, Müller D, Schmitt G, Gallinat J, Zetzsche T, Marcuse A, Juckel G, Leinsinger G, Hahn K, Möller HJ, Hegerl U. Superior temporal gyrus and P300 in schizophrenia: a combined ERP/structural magnetic resonance imaging investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38:153-62. [PMID: 14757329 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Decrement of the auditory P300 component of the event-related potentials (ERP) is a robust finding in schizophrenic patients and seems to be most pronounced in the left temporal region. Structural MRI studies support the hypothesis that regional structural brain differences in this patient group include reduced volume in temporal lobe structures. The aim of the presented study was to investigate the possible gray matter volume reductions in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the P300 reduction and left <right topographic asymmetry in schizophrenic patients. Therefore, in 50 male schizophrenic patients and 50 age- and educational level-matched male controls, auditory ERPs and structural MRI measurements of the gray matter volume of the STG were assessed. In the group of patients, the psychopathological symptom of thought disorder was correlated with the electrode site T3 and underlying gray matter of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. The subgroup of patients with pronounced negative symptoms was analyzed with respect to ERP and structural MRI measurements. Our data revealed no evidence for a reduction of P300 amplitude or left STG gray matter volume in schizophrenic patients. However, the higher amount of thought disorders was related to a small T3 amplitude. No associations between the electrophysiological and structural measurements could be detected. There were also no significant reductions of ERP and MRI measurements within the subgroup of patients with pronounced negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrische Klinik der LMU München, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80 336, Munich, Germany.
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Haffner HT, Graw M, Dettling A, Schmitt G, Schuff A. Concentration dependency of the BAC/BrAC (blood alcohol concentration/breath alcohol concentration) conversion factor during the linear elimination phase. Int J Legal Med 2003; 117:276-81. [PMID: 12845448 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-003-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 05/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the theoretical pharmacokinetical considerations put forward by Wehner et al. the BAC(ven)/BrAC conversion factor Q is not a constant value and varies depending on the pharmacokinetic phase deduced from the alcohol concentration curve. Based on these considerations we propose that Q must be inversely proportional to the BrAC during the postabsorptive linear elimination phase, expressed as the hyperbola Q=1/kappa+(CT)/BrAC. The constants kappa or 1/kappa and (CT)--where (CT) consists of different parameters which remain constant during the linear elimination phase--can be experimentally determined from the linear relationship BrAC = kappaBAC(ven)-kappa(CT). To test this hypothesis 12 human volunteers received parenteral doses of ethanol. During the elimination phase, BAC and BrAC of each volunteer were measured between 18 and 34 times in a BrAC range between 0.65 mg/l and 0.12 mg/l. The conversion factor Q was either expressed in the form of the hyperbola Q=1/kappa+(CT)/BrAC or directly calculated from the ratio BAC(ven)/BrAC and the results obtained using both methods were found to be very similar. The values of 1/kappa of the hyperbolic functions varied between 1.808 and 2.165 and those of (CT) between 0.004 and 0.127. For a BrAC of 0.25 mg/l, an average value of 2.308+/-0.080 could be calculated for the conversion factor Q(0.25). On average, the value of Q(0.40) amounted to 2.207+/-0.048 and that of Q(0.55) to 2.160+/-0.056.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Haffner
- Institut für Rechts- und Verkehrsmedizin, Verkehrsmedizin/Verkehrspsychologie, Bergheimer Strasse 147, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gerlach B, Audretsch W, Gogolin F, Koenigshausen T, Rohn R, Schmitt G, Dimmerling P, Willers R, Hartmann K. Remission-and breast preservation-rates in neoadjuvan treatment of breast cancer: preoperative chemotherapy vs. chemo-radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dettling A, Strohbeck-Kühner P, Schmitt G, Haffner HT. [Animal bites caused by a song bird?]. Arch Kriminol 2001; 208:48-53. [PMID: 11591059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The report describes a case of post-mortem scavenging by a songbird. A married couple had opened the cage of an astrild (finch) prior to their joint death. The body of the wife showed unusual patchy epidermal lesions on parts of the body not covered by the clothing, which were obviously caused by the songbird. According to the observations made by Roll and Rous they are attributable to "pecking and pulling". The behaviour of the bird was most probably due to lack of fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dettling
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin und Verkehrsmedizin, Universität Heidelberg
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Hartmann KA, Feldmeier JJ, Schmitt G, Carl UM. Late radiation sequelae in women after breast-conserving cancer therapy: effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2001. [PMCID: PMC3300539 DOI: 10.1186/bcr356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gripp S, Stammen J, Althaus C, Schmitt G. Radiotherapy for age-related macula disease: a longitudinal single-arm study. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carl UM, Feldmeier JJ, Schmitt G, Hartmann KA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late sequelae in women receiving radiation after breast-conserving surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49:1029-31. [PMID: 11240244 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Persisting symptomatology after breast-conserving surgery and radiation is frequently reported. In most cases, symptoms in the breast resolve without further treatment. In some instances, however, pain, erythema, and edema can persist for years and can impact the patient's quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was shown to be effective as treatment for late radiation sequelae. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in symptomatic patients after breast cancer treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients with persisting symptomatology after breast-conservation therapy were prospectively observed. Thirty-two women received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a multiplace chamber for a median of 25 sessions (range, 7-60). One hundred percent oxygen was delivered at 240 kPa for 90-min sessions, 5 times per week. Twelve control patients received no further treatment. Changes throughout the irradiated breast tissue were scored prior to and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy using modified LENT-SOMA criteria. RESULTS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy patients showed a significant reduction of pain, edema, and erythema scores as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.001). Fibrosis and telangiectasia, however, were not significantly affected by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Seven of 32 women were free of symptoms after hyperbaric oxygen therapy, whereas all 12 patients in the control group had persisting complaints. CONCLUSIONS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with persisting symptomatology following breast-conserving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Carl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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