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de Lima RB, Görgens EB, da Silva DAS, de Oliveira CP, Batista APB, Caraciolo Ferreira RL, Costa FRC, Ferreira de Lima RA, da Silva Aparício P, de Abreu JC, da Silva JAA, Guimaraes AF, Fearnside PM, Sousa TR, Perdiz R, Higuchi N, Berenguer E, Resende AF, Elias F, de Castilho CV, de Medeiros MB, de Matos Filho JR, Sardinha MA, Freitas MAF, da Silva JJ, da Cunha AP, Santos RM, Muelbert AE, Guedes MC, Imbrózio R, de Sousa CSC, da Silva Aparício WC, da Silva E Silva BM, Silva CA, Marimon BS, Junior BHM, Morandi PS, Storck-Tonon D, Vieira ICG, Schietti J, Coelho F, Alves de Almeida DR, Castro W, Carvalho SPC, da Silva RDSA, Silveira J, Camargo JL, Melgaço K, de Freitas LJM, Vedovato L, Benchimol M, de Oliveira de Almeida G, Prance G, da Silveira AB, Simon MF, Garcia ML, Silveira M, Vital M, Andrade MBT, Silva N, de Araújo RO, Cavalheiro L, Carpanedo R, Fernandes L, Manzatto AG, de Andrade RTG, Magnusson WE, Laurance B, Nelson BW, Peres C, Daly DC, Rodrigues D, Zopeletto AP, de Oliveira EA, Dugachard E, Barbosa FR, Santana F, do Amaral IL, Ferreira LV, Charão LS, Ferreira J, Barlow J, Blanc L, Aragão L, Sist P, de Paiva Salomão R, da Silva ASL, Laurance S, Feldpausch TR, Gardner T, Santiago W, Balee W, Laurance WF, Malhi Y, Phillips OL, da Silva Zanzini AC, Rosa C, Tadeu Oliveira W, Pereira Zanzini L, José Silva R, Mangabeira Albernaz AL. Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees? Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4861-4879. [PMID: 37386918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Bastos Görgens
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal do Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rinaldo L Caraciolo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Manejo de Florestas Naturais "José Serafim Feitoza Ferraz", Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Flavia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Antônio Aleixo da Silva
- Laboratório de Manejo de Florestas Naturais "José Serafim Feitoza Ferraz", Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Aretha Franklin Guimaraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Philip M Fearnside
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perdiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Fernando Elias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maurício Alves Sardinha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia-Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | - José Jussian da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Mendes Santos
- Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Reinaldo Imbrózio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Morandi
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Storck-Tonon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Schietti
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho
- Department of Forestry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Alves de Almeida
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Silveira
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Salobrinho, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vital
- Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Maryane B T Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rainiellen Carpanedo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Núcleo de Estudos da Biodiversidade da Amazônia Mato-grossense, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - William E Magnusson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bill Laurance
- James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Walker Nelson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas C Daly
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Domingos Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Flavia Santana
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro S Charão
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Mexico
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Rede Amazônia Sustentável, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lilian Blanc
- Unité Propre de Recherche Biens et Services des Écosystèmes Forestiers Tropicaux: l'Enjeu du Changement Global (BSEF), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Luiz Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Plinio Sist
- Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Toby Gardner
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antônio Carlos da Silva Zanzini
- Setor de Ecologia e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Rosa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wagner Tadeu Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Collaborating Researcher, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucas Pereira Zanzini
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT, Brazil
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Gosline G, Bidault E, van der Burgt X, Cahen D, Challen G, Condé N, Couch C, Couvreur TLP, Dagallier LPMJ, Darbyshire I, Dawson S, Doré TS, Goyder D, Grall A, Haba P, Haba P, Harris D, Hind DJN, Jongkind C, Konomou G, Larridon I, Lewis G, Ley A, Lock M, Lucas E, Magassouba S, Mayo S, Molmou D, Monro A, Onana JM, Paiva J, Paton A, Phillips S, Prance G, Quintanar A, Rokni S, Shah T, Schrire B, Schuiteman A, Simões ARG, Sosef M, Stévart T, Stone RD, Utteridge T, Wilkin P, Xanthos M, Nic Lughadha E, Cheek M. A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Sci Data 2023; 10:327. [PMID: 37236921 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea (CVPRG) is a specimen-based, expert-validated knowledge product, which provides a concise synthesis and overview of current knowledge on 3901 vascular plant species documented from Guinea (Conakry), West Africa, including their accepted names and synonyms, as well as their distribution and status within Guinea (indigenous or introduced, endemic or not). The CVPRG is generated automatically from the Guinea Collections Database and the Guinea Names Backbone Database, both developed and maintained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in collaboration with the staff of the National Herbarium of Guinea. A total of 3505 indigenous vascular plant species are reported of which 3328 are flowering plants (angiosperms); this represents a 26% increase in known indigenous angiosperms since the last floristic overview. Intended as a reference for scientists documenting the diversity and distribution of the Guinea flora, the CVPRG will also inform those seeking to safeguard the rich plant diversity of Guinea and the societal, ecological and economic benefits accruing from these biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nagnouma Condé
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Charlotte Couch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Thomas L P Couvreur
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany Section, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pépé Haba
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Pierre Haba
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | - Gbamon Konomou
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | | | - Eve Lucas
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Simon Mayo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Denise Molmou
- Herbier National de Guinée, UGAN-Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Jean Michel Onana
- Université de Yaoundé 1, Cameroon; IRAD-Herbier National Camerounais, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Alan Paton
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | | | | | - Saba Rokni
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Toral Shah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq Stévart
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - R Doug Stone
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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