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Kell RM, Subhas AV, Schanke NL, Lees LE, Chmiel RJ, Rao D, Brisbin MMM, Moran DM, McIlvin MR, Bolinesi F, Mangoni O, Casotti R, Balestra C, Horner T, Dunbar RB, Allen AE, DiTullio GR, Saito MA. Zinc stimulation of coastal productivity in low carbon dioxide environments. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.05.565706. [PMID: 37961643 PMCID: PMC10635156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.565706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient used by phytoplankton for carbon (C) acquisition, yet there have been few observations of its influence on natural oceanic phytoplankton populations. In this study, we observed Zn limitation of growth in the natural phytoplankton community of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, due to low (~220 μatm) pCO2 conditions, in addition to primary iron (Fe) limitation. Shipboard incubation experiments amended with Zn and Fe resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll a content and dissolved inorganic carbon drawdown compared to Fe addition alone. Zn and Fe response proteins detected in incubation and environmental biomass provided independent verification of algal co-stress for these micronutrients. These observations of Zn limitation under low pCO2 conditions demonstrate Zn can influence coastal primary productivity. Yet, as surface ocean pCO2 rises with continued anthropogenic emissions, the occurrence of Zn/C co-limitation will become rarer, impacting the biogeochemical cycling of Zn and other trace metal micronutrients.
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Kellogg RM, Moosburner MA, Cohen NR, Hawco NJ, McIlvin MR, Moran DM, DiTullio GR, Subhas AV, Allen AE, Saito MA. Adaptive responses of marine diatoms to zinc scarcity and ecological implications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1995. [PMID: 35422102 PMCID: PMC9010474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractScarce dissolved surface ocean concentrations of the essential algal micronutrient zinc suggest that Zn may influence the growth of phytoplankton such as diatoms, which are major contributors to marine primary productivity. However, the specific mechanisms by which diatoms acclimate to Zn deficiency are poorly understood. Using global proteomic analysis, we identified two proteins (ZCRP-A/B, Zn/Co Responsive Protein A/B) among four diatom species that became abundant under Zn/Co limitation. Characterization using reverse genetic techniques and homology data suggests putative Zn/Co chaperone and membrane-bound transport complex component roles for ZCRP-A (a COG0523 domain protein) and ZCRP-B, respectively. Metaproteomic detection of ZCRPs along a Pacific Ocean transect revealed increased abundances at the surface (<200 m) where dZn and dCo were scarcest, implying Zn nutritional stress in marine algae is more prevalent than previously recognized. These results demonstrate multiple adaptive responses to Zn scarcity in marine diatoms that are deployed in low Zn regions of the Pacific Ocean.
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Castagno P, Capozzi V, DiTullio GR, Falco P, Fusco G, Rintoul SR, Spezie G, Budillon G. Rebound of shelf water salinity in the Ross Sea. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5441. [PMID: 31784513 PMCID: PMC6884573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) supplies the lower limb of the global overturning circulation and ventilates the abyssal ocean. In recent decades, AABW has warmed, freshened and reduced in volume. Ross Sea Bottom Water (RSBW), the second largest source of AABW, has experienced the largest freshening. Here we use 23 years of summer measurements to document temporal variability in the salinity of the Ross Sea High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW), a precursor to RSBW. HSSW salinity decreased between 1995 and 2014, consistent with freshening observed between 1958 and 2008. However, HSSW salinity rebounded sharply after 2014, with values in 2018 similar to those observed in the mid-late 1990s. Near-synchronous interannual fluctuations in salinity observed at five locations on the continental shelf suggest that upstream preconditioning and large-scale forcing influence HSSW salinity. The rate, magnitude and duration of the recent salinity increase are unusual in the context of the (sparse) observational record. Ross Sea Bottom Water, a major source of Antarctic Bottom Water, has experienced significant freshening in recent decades. Here the authors use 23 years of summer measurements to document temporal variability in the salinity of the Ross Sea High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) and found that HSSW salinity decreased between 1995 and 2014 and rebounded sharply after 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Castagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giacomo R DiTullio
- Grice Marine Laboratory, University of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Falco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giannetta Fusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stephen R Rintoul
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Giancarlo Spezie
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgio Budillon
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
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Mangoni O, Saggiomo M, Bolinesi F, Castellano M, Povero P, Saggiomo V, DiTullio GR. Phaeocystis antarctica unusual summer bloom in stratified antarctic coastal waters (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea). Mar Environ Res 2019; 151:104733. [PMID: 31351585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the potential explanations for a Phaeocystis antarctica summer bloom occurred in stratified waters of Terra Nova Bay (TNB) - which is part of the Antarctic Special Protected Area (n.161) in the Ross Sea - trough a multi-parameter correlative approach. Many previous studies have highlighted that water column stratification typically favors diatom dominance compared to the colonial haptophyte P. antarctica, in the Ross Sea, and this correlation has often been used to explain the historic dominance of diatoms in TNB. To explore the spatial and temporal progression of P. antarctica bloom in coastal waters, four stations were sampled three times each between December 31, 2009 and January 13, 2010. Taxonomic and pigment composition of phytoplankton communities, macro-nutrient concentrations and various different indices, all indicated the relative dominance of P. antarctica. Cell abundances revealed that P. antarctica contributed 79% of total cell counts in the upper 25 m and 93% in the lower photic zone. Similarly, a strong correlation was observed between Chl-a and the Hex:Fuco pigment ratio, corroborating the microscopic analyses. Recent studies have shown that iron can trigger colonial P. antarctica blooms. Based on the Hex:Chl-c3 proxy for iron limitation in P. antarctica, we hypothesize that anomalously higher iron fluxes were responsible for the unusual bloom of colonial P. antarctica observed in TNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mangoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome 00196, Italy
| | - Maria Saggiomo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale I, Naples 80122, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bolinesi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 21, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Michela Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Paolo Povero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Saggiomo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale I, Naples 80122, Italy
| | - Giacomo R DiTullio
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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Barak-Gavish N, Frada MJ, Ku C, Lee PA, DiTullio GR, Malitsky S, Aharoni A, Green SJ, Rotkopf R, Kartvelishvily E, Sheyn U, Schatz D, Vardi A. Bacterial virulence against an oceanic bloom-forming phytoplankter is mediated by algal DMSP. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau5716. [PMID: 30397652 PMCID: PMC6200362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Emiliania huxleyi is a bloom-forming microalga that affects the global sulfur cycle by producing large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile metabolic product dimethyl sulfide. Top-down regulation of E. huxleyi blooms has been attributed to viruses and grazers; however, the possible involvement of algicidal bacteria in bloom demise has remained elusive. We demonstrate that a Roseobacter strain, Sulfitobacter D7, that we isolated from a North Atlantic E. huxleyi bloom, exhibited algicidal effects against E. huxleyi upon coculturing. Both the alga and the bacterium were found to co-occur during a natural E. huxleyi bloom, therefore establishing this host-pathogen system as an attractive, ecologically relevant model for studying algal-bacterial interactions in the oceans. During interaction, Sulfitobacter D7 consumed and metabolized algal DMSP to produce high amounts of methanethiol, an alternative product of DMSP catabolism. We revealed a unique strain-specific response, in which E. huxleyi strains that exuded higher amounts of DMSP were more susceptible to Sulfitobacter D7 infection. Intriguingly, exogenous application of DMSP enhanced bacterial virulence and induced susceptibility in an algal strain typically resistant to the bacterial pathogen. This enhanced virulence was highly specific to DMSP compared to addition of propionate and glycerol which had no effect on bacterial virulence. We propose a novel function for DMSP, in addition to its central role in mutualistic interactions among marine organisms, as a mediator of bacterial virulence that may regulate E. huxleyi blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Barak-Gavish
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miguel José Frada
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Chuan Ku
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Peter A. Lee
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Giacomo R. DiTullio
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefan J. Green
- DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elena Kartvelishvily
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uri Sheyn
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniella Schatz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Laber CP, Hunter JE, Carvalho F, Collins JR, Hunter EJ, Schieler BM, Boss E, More K, Frada M, Thamatrakoln K, Brown CM, Haramaty L, Ossolinski J, Fredricks H, Nissimov JI, Vandzura R, Sheyn U, Lehahn Y, Chant RJ, Martins AM, Coolen MJL, Vardi A, DiTullio GR, Van Mooy BAS, Bidle KD. Coccolithovirus facilitation of carbon export in the North Atlantic. Nat Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Persson A, Smith BC, Cyronak T, Cooper E, DiTullio GR. Differences in pigmentation between life cycle stages in Scrippsiella lachrymosa (dinophyceae). J Phycol 2016; 52:64-74. [PMID: 26987089 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various life cycle stages of cyst-producing dinoflagellates often appear differently colored under the microscope; gametes appear paler while zygotes are darker in comparison to vegetative cells. To compare physiological and photochemical competency, the pigment composition of discrete life cycle stages was determined for the common resting cyst-producing dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa. Vegetative cells had the highest cellular pigment content (25.2 ± 0.5 pg · cell(-1) ), whereas gamete pigment content was 22% lower. The pigment content of zygotes was 82% lower than vegetative cells, even though they appeared darker under the microscope. Zygotes of S. lachrymosa contained significantly higher cellular concentrations of β-carotene (0.65 ± 0.15 pg · cell(-1) ) than all other life stages. Photoprotective pigments and the de-epoxidation ratio of xanthophylls-cycle pigments in S. lachrymosa were significantly elevated in zygotes and cysts compared to other stages. This suggests a role for accessory pigments in combating intracellular oxidative stress during sexual reproduction or encystment. Resting cysts contained some pigments even though chloroplasts were not visible, suggesting that the brightly colored accumulation body contained photosynthetic pigments. The differences in pigmentation between life stages have implications for interpretation of pigment data from field samples when sampled during dinoflagellate blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Persson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, Göteborg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Barry C Smith
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory, 212 Rogers Avenue, Milford, Connecticut, 06460, USA
| | - Tyler Cyronak
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
| | - Emily Cooper
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
| | - Giacomo R DiTullio
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
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8
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Saito MA, Dorsk A, Post AF, McIlvin MR, Rappé MS, DiTullio GR, Moran DM. Needles in the blue sea: sub-species specificity in targeted protein biomarker analyses within the vast oceanic microbial metaproteome. Proteomics 2015; 15:3521-31. [PMID: 26097212 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics has great potential for studies of marine microbial biogeochemistry, yet high microbial diversity in many locales presents us with unique challenges. We addressed this challenge with a targeted metaproteomics workflow for NtcA and P-II, two nitrogen regulatory proteins, and demonstrated its application for cyanobacterial taxa within microbial samples from the Central Pacific Ocean. Using METATRYP, an open-source Python toolkit, we examined the number of shared (redundant) tryptic peptides in representative marine microbes, with the number of tryptic peptides shared between different species typically being 1% or less. The related cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus shared an average of 4.8 ± 1.9% of their tryptic peptides, while shared intraspecies peptides were higher, 13 ± 15% shared peptides between 12 Prochlorococcus genomes. An NtcA peptide was found to target multiple cyanobacteria species, whereas a P-II peptide showed specificity to the high-light Prochlorococcus ecotype. Distributions of NtcA and P-II in the Central Pacific Ocean were similar except at the Equator likely due to differential nitrogen stress responses between Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. The number of unique tryptic peptides coded for within three combined oceanic microbial metagenomes was estimated to be ∼4 × 10(7) , 1000-fold larger than an individual microbial proteome and 27-fold larger than the human proteome, yet still 20 orders of magnitude lower than the peptide diversity possible in all protein space, implying that peptide mapping algorithms should be able to withstand the added level of complexity in metaproteomic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak A Saito
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Dorsk
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Anton F Post
- Coastal Resources Center, URI Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Matthew R McIlvin
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | | | - Dawn M Moran
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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9
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Kendrick BJ, DiTullio GR, Cyronak TJ, Fulton JM, Van Mooy BAS, Bidle KD. Temperature-induced viral resistance in Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e112134. [PMID: 25405345 PMCID: PMC4236053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual Emiliania huxleyi blooms (along with other coccolithophorid species) play important roles in the global carbon and sulfur cycles. E. huxleyi blooms are routinely terminated by large, host-specific dsDNA viruses, (Emiliania huxleyi Viruses; EhVs), making these host-virus interactions a driving force behind their potential impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Given projected increases in sea surface temperature due to climate change, it is imperative to understand the effects of temperature on E. huxleyi's susceptibility to viral infection and its production of climatically active dimethylated sulfur species (DSS). Here we demonstrate that a 3°C increase in temperature induces EhV-resistant phenotypes in three E. huxleyi strains and that successful virus infection impacts DSS pool sizes. We also examined cellular polar lipids, given their documented roles in regulating host-virus interactions in this system, and propose that alterations to membrane-bound surface receptors are responsible for the observed temperature-induced resistance. Our findings have potential implications for global biogeochemical cycles in a warming climate and for deciphering the particular mechanism(s) by which some E. huxleyi strains exhibit viral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Jacob Kendrick
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Giacomo R. DiTullio
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tyler J. Cyronak
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - James M. Fulton
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Kay D. Bidle
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
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10
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Saito MA, McIlvin MR, Moran DM, Goepfert TJ, DiTullio GR, Post AF, Lamborg CH. Multiple nutrient stresses at intersecting Pacific Ocean biomes detected by protein biomarkers. Science 2014; 345:1173-7. [PMID: 25190794 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Marine primary productivity is strongly influenced by the scarcity of required nutrients, yet our understanding of these nutrient limitations is informed by experimental observations with sparse geographical coverage and methodological limitations. We developed a quantitative proteomic method to directly assess nutrient stress in high-light ecotypes of the abundant cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus across a meridional transect in the central Pacific Ocean. Multiple peptide biomarkers detected widespread and overlapping regions of nutritional stress for nitrogen and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and iron in the equatorial Pacific. Quantitative protein analyses demonstrated simultaneous stress for these nutrients at biome interfaces. This application of proteomic biomarkers to diagnose ocean metabolism demonstrated Prochlorococcus actively and simultaneously deploying multiple biochemical strategies for low-nutrient conditions in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak A Saito
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Matthew R McIlvin
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Dawn M Moran
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Tyler J Goepfert
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Anton F Post
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Carl H Lamborg
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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11
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Fulton JM, Fredricks HF, Bidle KD, Vardi A, Kendrick BJ, DiTullio GR, Van Mooy BAS. Novel molecular determinants of viral susceptibility and resistance in the lipidome ofEmiliania huxleyi. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:1137-49. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Fulton
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole MA USA
| | - Helen F. Fredricks
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole MA USA
| | - Kay D. Bidle
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory; Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant Sciences; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | | | | | - Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole MA USA
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12
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Boroujerdi AFB, Lee PA, DiTullio GR, Janech MG, Vied SB, Bearden DW. Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:777-84. [PMID: 22772138 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to obtain metabolic profiles of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, leading to the identification of a novel metabolite in this organism. Initial results from an ongoing metabolomics study have led to the discovery of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, CAS: 107-36-8) as a major metabolite in F. cylindrus. This compound is being produced by the organism under normal culture conditions. This finding is the first report of a diatom producing isethionic acid. In addition to isethionic acid, four other metabolites, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), betaine, homarine, and proline were present and may serve as osmoprotectants in F. cylindrus. NMR-based metabolite profiles of F. cylindrus were obtained along a growth curve of the organism. The relative concentration levels of the five metabolites were monitored over a growth period of F. cylindrus from 18 to 25 days. All showed an increase in relative concentration with time, except for proline, which began to decrease after day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezue F B Boroujerdi
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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13
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Lyon BR, Lee PA, Bennett JM, DiTullio GR, Janech MG. Proteomic analysis of a sea-ice diatom: salinity acclimation provides new insight into the dimethylsulfoniopropionate production pathway. Plant Physiol 2011; 157:1926-41. [PMID: 22034629 PMCID: PMC3327215 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.185025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) plays important roles in oceanic carbon and sulfur cycling and may significantly impact climate. It is a biomolecule synthesized from the methionine (Met) pathway and proposed to serve various physiological functions to aid in environmental stress adaptation through its compatible solute, cryoprotectant, and antioxidant properties. Yet, the enzymes and mechanisms regulating DMSP production are poorly understood. This study utilized a proteomics approach to investigate protein changes associated with salinity-induced DMSP increases in the model sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus (CCMP 1102). We hypothesized proteins associated with the Met-DMSP biosynthesis pathway would increase in relative abundance when challenged with elevated salinity. To test this hypothesis axenic log-phase cultures initially grown at a salinity of 35 were gradually shifted to a final salinity of 70 over a 24-h period. Intracellular DMSP was measured and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify protein changes at 48 h after the shift. Intracellular DMSP increased by approximately 85% in the hypersaline cultures. One-third of the proteins increased under high salinity were associated with amino acid pathways. Three protein isoforms of S-adenosylhomo-cysteine hydrolase, which synthesizes a Met precursor, increased 1.8- to 2.1-fold, two isoforms of S-adenosyl Met synthetase increased 1.9- to 2.5-fold, and S-adenosyl Met methyltransferase increased by 2.8-fold, suggesting active methyl cycle proteins are recruited in the synthesis of DMSP. Proteins from the four enzyme classes of the proposed algal Met transaminase DMSP pathway were among the elevated proteins, supporting our hypothesis and providing candidate genes for future characterization studies.
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Long MC, Dunbar RB, Tortell PD, Smith WO, Mucciarone DA, DiTullio GR. Vertical structure, seasonal drawdown, and net community production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertrand EM, Saito MA, Lee PA, Dunbar RB, Sedwick PN, DiTullio GR. Iron limitation of a springtime bacterial and phytoplankton community in the ross sea: implications for vitamin b(12) nutrition. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:160. [PMID: 21886638 PMCID: PMC3155878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ross Sea is home to some of the largest phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Primary production in this system has previously been shown to be iron limited in the summer and periodically iron and vitamin B(12) colimited. In this study, we examined trace metal limitation of biological activity in the Ross Sea in the austral spring and considered possible implications for vitamin B(12) nutrition. Bottle incubation experiments demonstrated that iron limited phytoplankton growth in the austral spring while B(12), cobalt, and zinc did not. This is the first demonstration of iron limitation in a Phaeocystis antarctica-dominated, early season Ross Sea phytoplankton community. The lack of B(12) limitation in this location is consistent with previous Ross Sea studies in the austral summer, wherein vitamin additions did not stimulate P. antarctica growth and B(12) was limiting only when bacterial abundance was low. Bottle incubation experiments and a bacterial regrowth experiment also revealed that iron addition directly enhanced bacterial growth. B(12) uptake measurements in natural water samples and in an iron fertilized bottle incubation demonstrated that bacteria serve not only as a source for vitamin B(12), but also as a significant sink, and that iron additions enhanced B(12) uptake rates in phytoplankton but not bacteria. Additionally, vitamin uptake rates did not become saturated upon the addition of up to 95 pM B(12). A rapid B(12) uptake rate was observed after 13 min, which then decreased to a slower constant uptake rate over the next 52 h. Results from this study highlight the importance of iron availability in limiting early season Ross Sea phytoplankton growth and suggest that rates of vitamin B(12) production and consumption may be impacted by iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Bertrand
- MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography and Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Mak A. Saito
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Peter A. Lee
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of CharlestonCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert B. Dunbar
- Department of Environmental Earth Systems Science, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter N. Sedwick
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk, VA, USA
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Dunbar RB, Arrigo KR, Lutz M, DiTullio GR, Leventer AR, Lizotte MP, Van Woert ML, Robinson DH. Non-Redfield production and export of marine organic matter: A recurrent part of the annual cycle in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/078ars11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Daly KL, Smith WO, Johnson GC, DiTullio GR, Jones DR, Mordy CW, Feely RA, Hansell DA, Zhang JZ. Hydrography, nutrients, and carbon pools in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean: Implications for carbon flux. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Sedwick PN, DiTullio GR, Mackey DJ. Iron and manganese in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Seasonal iron limitation in Antarctic shelf waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Arrigo KR, DiTullio GR, Dunbar RB, Robinson DH, VanWoert M, Worthen DL, Lizotte MP. Phytoplankton taxonomic variability in nutrient utilization and primary production in the Ross Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jc000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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DiTullio GR, Grebmeier JM, Arrigo KR, Lizotte MP, Robinson DH, Leventer A, Barry JP, VanWoert ML, Dunbar RB. Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature 2000; 404:595-8. [PMID: 10766240 DOI: 10.1038/35007061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is very important for the potential sequestration of carbon dioxide in the oceans and is expected to be vulnerable to changes in carbon export forced by anthropogenic climate warming. Annual phytoplankton blooms in seasonal ice zones are highly productive and are thought to contribute significantly to pCO2 drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Diatoms are assumed to be the most important phytoplankton class with respect to export production in the Southern Ocean; however, the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica regularly forms huge blooms in seasonal ice zones and coastal Antarctic waters. There is little evidence regarding the fate of carbon produced by P. antarctica in the Southern Ocean, although remineralization in the upper water column has been proposed to be the main pathway in polar waters. Here we present evidence for early and rapid carbon export from P. antarctica blooms to deep water and sediments in the Ross Sea. Carbon sequestration from P. antarctica blooms may influence the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean, especially if projected climatic changes lead to an alteration in the structure of the phytoplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R DiTullio
- University of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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21
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Arrigo KR, Robinson DH, Worthen DL, Dunbar RB, DiTullio GR, VanWoert M, Lizotte MP. Phytoplankton community structure and the drawdown of nutrients and CO2 in the southern ocean. Science 1999; 283:365-7. [PMID: 9888847 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5400.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica. Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- KR Arrigo
- K. R. Arrigo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. D. H. Robinson. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Post Office Box 855, Tiburon, CA 94920-
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DiTullio GR, Garrison DL, Mathot SL. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in sea ice algae from the Ross Sea polynya. Antarctic Sea Ice: Biological Processes, Interactions and Variability 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/ar073p0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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23
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24
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Smith WO, Nelson DM, DiTullio GR, Leventer AR. Temporal and spatial patterns in the Ross Sea: Phytoplankton biomass, elemental composition, productivity and growth rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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DiTullio GR, Laws EA. Impact of an atmospheric-oceanic disturbance on phytoplankton community dynamics in the North Pacific Central Gyre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(91)90029-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Laws EA, DiTullio GR, Betzer PR, Karl DM, Carder KL. Autotrophic production and elemental fluxes at 26°N, 155°W in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laws EA, Harrison WG, DiTullio GR. A comparison of nitrogen assimilation rates based on 15N uptake and autotrophic protein synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(85)90018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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