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Spinelli G, Sulpizio S. Is adaptation involved in bilingual language production? A fresh look at the assumptions motivating potential bilingual-monolingual differences in adaptive control. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02503-6. [PMID: 38714635 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the hottest debates in psychology-whether bilingual-monolingual differences exist in cognitive control-is at a stalemate. Here we propose that the stalemate could be broken by shifting the research focus from whether those differences emerge to why they should. We offer an example of this approach by testing the assumption of current theories of language-control associations that adaptive control is involved in bilingualism, specifically language production. Unbalanced Italian-English bilinguals living in the Milan area completed a Stroop task in their L1 and a picture-naming task in their L2. Both tasks involved a manipulation of the proportion of the type of stimuli that are assumed to require control, i.e., incongruent stimuli in the Stroop task (e.g., the word RED written in blue) and pictures with noncognate names in the picture-naming task (e.g., the picture of a horse, whose Italian name, "cavallo," has a very different pronunciation). Both confirmatory and exploratory analyses showed a clear dissociation between the two tasks, with the Stroop task producing an interactive pattern indicative of adaptive-control involvement and the picture-naming task failing to produce a similar one. These results suggest that adaptive control may not be involved in bilingual language production and, therefore, may not produce bilingual-monolingual differences in cognitive control. It is hoped that this research will inspire a change in the study of language-control associations, pushing future research efforts towards grounding the assumptions for those associations in empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Spinelli G, Lupker SJ. A spatial version of the Stroop task for examining proactive and reactive control independently from non-conflict processes. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024:10.3758/s13414-024-02892-9. [PMID: 38691237 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Conflict-induced control refers to humans' ability to regulate attention in the processing of target information (e.g., the color of a word in the color-word Stroop task) based on experience with conflict created by distracting information (e.g., an incongruent color word), and to do so either in a proactive (preparatory) or a reactive (stimulus-driven) fashion. Interest in conflict-induced control has grown recently, as has the awareness that effects attributed to those processes might be affected by conflict-unrelated processes (e.g., the learning of stimulus-response associations). This awareness has resulted in the recommendation to move away from traditional interference paradigms with small stimulus/response sets and towards paradigms with larger sets (at least four targets, distractors, and responses), paradigms that allow better control of non-conflict processes. Using larger sets, however, is not always feasible. Doing so in the Stroop task, for example, would require either multiple arbitrary responses that are difficult for participants to learn (e.g., manual responses to colors) or non-arbitrary responses that can be difficult for researchers to collect (e.g., vocal responses in online experiments). Here, we present a spatial version of the Stroop task that solves many of those problems. In this task, participants respond to one of six directions indicated by an arrow, each requiring a specific, non-arbitrary manual response, while ignoring the location where the arrow is displayed. We illustrate the usefulness of this task by showing the results of two experiments in which evidence for proactive and reactive control was obtained while controlling for the impact of non-conflict processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy.
| | - Stephen J Lupker
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada.
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Sulpizio S, Spinelli G, Scaltritti M. Semantic Stroop interference is modulated by the availability of executive resources: Insights from delta-plot analyses and cognitive load manipulation. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5. [PMID: 38530621 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether, during visual word recognition, semantic processing is modulated by attentional control mechanisms directed at matching semantic information with task-relevant goals. In previous research, we analyzed the semantic Stroop interference as a function of response latency (delta-plot analyses) and found that this phenomenon mainly occurs in the slowest responses. Here, we investigated whether this pattern is due to reduced ability to proactively maintain the task goal in these slowest trials. In two pairs of experiments, participants completed two semantic Stroop tasks: a classic semantic Stroop task (Experiment 1A and 2A) and a semantic Stroop task combined with an n-back task (Experiment 1B and 2B). The two pairs of experiments only differed in the trial pace, which was slightly faster in Experiments 2A and 2B than in Experiments 1A and 1B. By taxing the executive control system, the n-back task was expected to hinder proactive control. Delta-plot analyses of the semantic Stroop task replicated the enhanced effect in the slowest responses, but only under sufficient time pressure. Combining the semantic Stroop task with the n-back task produced a change in the distributional profile of semantic Stroop interference, which we ascribe to a general difficulty in the use of proactive control. Our findings suggest that semantic Stroop interference is, to some extent, dependent on the available executive resources, while also being sensitive to subtle variations in task conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sulpizio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Bognar M, Szekely Z, Varga MA, Nagy K, Spinelli G, Hartanto A, Majeed NM, Chen NRY, Gyurkovics M, Aczel B. Cognitive control adjustments are dependent on the level of conflict. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3116. [PMID: 38326342 PMCID: PMC10850143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is one of the most investigated effects in the cognitive control literature. The conflict monitoring theory suggests that the CSE is the result of adjustments in cognitive control based on perceived conflict. A recent paper by Zhang and colleagues, has investigated whether the manipulation of conflict level by changing distractor incompatibility in a flanker task affects the amount of adjustments in cognitive control. Their study produced mixed findings, somewhat supporting the original conflict monitoring theory, but also suggesting other explanations, such as the repetition expectancy account. We replicated the experimental design in a multisite online study (N = 347), with Hungarian, Italian, and Singaporean participants. Our results supported the prediction that changes in the level of conflict trigger conflict adaptation, revealing that increasing conflict levels induced stronger adaptive control. Bayesian hypothesis testing indicated a monotonic reduction in congruency effects as a function of previous conflict strength. This finding is in line with the extension of the traditional conflict monitoring theory, as well as other theories like affective signaling and expected value of control, implying that the relationship between conflict and interference effects is gradual, rather than a binary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Bognar
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marton A Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Mate Gyurkovics
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Balazs Aczel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sulpizio S, Scaltritti M, Spinelli G. Fast habituation to semantic interference generated by taboo connotation in reading aloud. Cogn Emot 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38294682 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2307367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of taboo words - i.e. socially inappropriate words - has been repeatedly associated to semantic interference phenomena, with detrimental effects on the performance in the ongoing task. In the present study, we investigated taboo interference in the context of reading aloud, a task configuration which prompts the overt violation of conventional sociolinguistic norms by requiring the explicit utterance of taboo items. We assessed whether this form of semantic interference is handled by habituative or cognitive control processes. In addition to the reading aloud task, participants performed a vocal Stroop task featuring different conditions to dissociate semantic, task, and response conflict. Taboo words were read slower than non-taboo words, but this effect was subject to a quick habituation, with a decreasing interference over the course of trials, which allowed participants to selectively attend to goal-relevant information. In the Stroop task, only semantic conflict was significantly reduced by habituation. These findings suggest that semantic properties can be quickly and flexibly weighed on the basis of contextual appropriateness, thus characterising semantic processing as a flexible and goal-directed component of reading aloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sulpizio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Lupker SJ, Spinelli G. An examination of models of reading multi-morphemic and pseudo multi-morphemic words using sandwich priming. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2023; 49:1861-1880. [PMID: 37668567 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Rastle et al. (2004) reported that true (e.g., walker) and pseudo (e.g., corner) multi-morphemic words prime their stem words more than form controls do (e.g., brothel priming BROTH) in a masked priming lexical decision task. This data pattern has led a number of models to propose that both of the former word types are "decomposed" into their stem (e.g., walk, corn) and affix (e.g., -er) early in the reading process. The present experiments were designed to examine the models proposed to explain Rastle et al.'s effect, including models not assuming a decomposition process, using a more sensitive priming technique, sandwich priming (Lupker & Davis, 2009). Experiment 1, using the conventional masked priming procedure, replicated Rastle et al.'s results. Experiments 2 and 3, involving sandwich priming procedures, showed a clear dissociation between priming effects for true versus pseudo multi-morphemic words, results that are not easily explained by any of the current models. Nonetheless, the overall data pattern does appear to be most consistent with there being a decomposition process when reading real and pseudo multi-morphemic words, a process that involves activating (and inhibiting) lexical-level representations including a representation for the affix (e.g., -er), with the ultimate lexical decision being based on the process of resolving the pattern created by the activated representational units. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
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Spinelli G, Lupker S. EXPRESS: Target-distractor correlation does not imply causation of the Stroop effect. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023:17470218231182854. [PMID: 37287129 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Stroop task, the identities of the targets (e.g., colors) and distractors (e.g., words) used are often correlated. For example, in a list in which 4 words and 4 colors are combined to form 16 stimuli, each of the 4 congruent stimuli is typically repeated 3 times as often as each of the 12 incongruent stimuli. Some accounts of the Stroop effect suggest that in this type of list, often considered a baseline because of the matching proportion of congruent and incongruent stimuli (50%), the word dimension actually receives more attention than it does in an uncorrelated list in which words and colors are randomly paired. This increased attention would be an important determinant of the Stroop effect in correlated situations, an idea supported by the observation that higher target-distractor correlation lists are associated with larger Stroop effects. However, because target-distractor correlation tends to be confounded with congruency proportion in common designs, the latter may be the crucial factor, consistent with accounts that propose that attention is adapted to the list's congruency proportion. In 4 experiments, we examined the idea that target-distractor correlation plays a major role in color-word Stroop experiments by contrasting an uncorrelated list with a correlated list matched on relevant variables (e.g., congruency proportion). Both null hypothesis significance testing and Bayesian analyses suggested equivalent Stroop effects in the two lists, challenging accounts based on the idea that target-distractor correlations affect how attention is allocated in the color-word Stroop task.
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Abstract
In the standard Proportion-Congruent (PC) paradigm, performance is compared between a list containing mostly congruent (MC) stimuli (e.g., the word RED in the color red in the Stroop task; Stroop, 1935) and a list containing mostly incongruent (MI) stimuli (e.g., the word BLUE in red). The PC effect, the finding that the congruency effect (i.e., the latency difference between incongruent and congruent stimuli) is typically larger in an MC list, has been interpreted by the popular conflict-monitoring account (Botvinick et al., 2001) as reflecting a proactive process whereby attention to task-relevant information is adapted based on how frequently conflict from task-irrelevant information arises. Recently, however, alternative accounts of the PC effect have emerged that assume either that the PC effect reflects processes other than proactive conflict adaptation (e.g., stimulus-response contingency learning) or that proactive conflict adaptation is only engaged as a last resort (e.g., when contingency learning cannot be used to minimize interference). We examined these ideas in three experiments in which proactive conflict adaptation could be evaluated independently from processes that are normally confounded with it in the PC paradigm, while still allowing those processes, particularly contingency learning, to be used to minimize interference. Consistent with the conflict-monitoring account of the PC effect, but inconsistent with all the alternative accounts of the PC effect, evidence for proactive conflict adaptation emerged in all experiments. Although multiple processes may be engaged in the PC paradigm, this paradigm remains a valid tool for examining proactive conflict adaptation, its typical use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Spinelli G, Lupker SJ. Conflict-monitoring theory in overtime: Is temporal learning a viable explanation for the congruency sequence effect? J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2022; 48:497-530. [PMID: 35389710 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In interference tasks (e.g., Stroop, 1935), congruency effects are larger following a congruent versus an incongruent trial. This "congruency sequence effect" has been traditionally explained in terms of a conflict-monitoring mechanism that focuses attention toward relevant information when conflict has recently been experienced. More recently, it has been suggested that effects of this sort result from differences in the temporal expectancies formed following congruent trials (fast responding) versus incongruent trials (slow responding). Evidence supporting this "temporal-learning" account was recently reported for a similar effect, the finding that congruency effects are larger in a mostly congruent list than in a mostly incongruent list. That is, consistent with the idea that this "proportion-congruent effect" is based on different temporal expectancies following congruent versus incongruent trials in interference tasks, the proportion-congruent effect was eliminated on normal (i.e., immediate-response) trials when temporal expectancies were equated by requiring a delayed response on the prior trial. In two experiments, we examined whether this delayed-response procedure would have a similar impact on the congruency sequence effect. Consistent with the temporal-learning account (but not inconsistent with conflict-monitoring accounts), the congruency sequence effect on immediate-response trials was eliminated when the previous trial required a delayed response. However, no evidence supporting the temporal-learning account emerged from reanalyses of experiments requiring only immediate responses in which the response latency in the previous trial functioned as the temporal-expectancy index. Overall, the present results and analyses do not provide much evidence favoring the temporal-learning account over conflict-monitoring accounts of the congruency sequence effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cantini L, Mentrasti G, Russo GL, Signorelli D, Pasello G, Rijavec E, Russano M, Antonuzzo L, Rocco D, Giusti R, Adamo V, Genova C, Tuzi A, Morabito A, Gori S, Verde NL, Chiari R, Cortellini A, Cognigni V, Pecci F, Indini A, De Toma A, Zattarin E, Oresti S, Pizzutilo EG, Frega S, Erbetta E, Galletti A, Citarella F, Fancelli S, Caliman E, Della Gravara L, Malapelle U, Filetti M, Piras M, Toscano G, Zullo L, De Tursi M, Di Marino P, D'Emilio V, Cona MS, Guida A, Caglio A, Salerno F, Spinelli G, Bennati C, Morgillo F, Russo A, Dellepiane C, Vallini I, Sforza V, Inno A, Rastelli F, Tassi V, Nicolardi L, Pensieri V, Emili R, Roca E, Migliore A, Galassi T, Rocchi MLB, Berardi R. Evaluation of COVID-19 impact on DELAYing diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of lung cancer patients in Italy (COVID-DELAY study): fewer cases and higher stages from a real-world scenario. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100406. [PMID: 35219245 PMCID: PMC8810307 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has disrupted the global health care system since March 2020. Lung cancer (LC) patients (pts) represent a vulnerable population highly affected by the pandemic. This multicenter Italian study aimed to evaluate whether the COVID-19 outbreak had an impact on access to cancer diagnosis and treatment of LC pts compared with pre-pandemic time. Methods Consecutive newly diagnosed LC pts referred to 25 Italian Oncology Departments between March and December 2020 were included. Access rate and temporal intervals between date of symptoms onset and diagnostic and therapeutic services were compared with the same period in 2019. Differences between the 2 years were analyzed using the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. Results A slight reduction (−6.9%) in newly diagnosed LC cases was observed in 2020 compared with 2019 (1523 versus 1637, P = 0.09). Newly diagnosed LC pts in 2020 were more likely to be diagnosed with stage IV disease (P < 0.01) and to be current smokers (someone who has smoked more than 100 cigarettes, including hand-rolled cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, in their lifetime and has smoked in the last 28 days) (P < 0.01). The drop in terms of new diagnoses was greater in the lockdown period (percentage drop −12% versus −3.2%) compared with the other months included. More LC pts were referred to a low/medium volume hospital in 2020 compared with 2019 (P = 0.01). No differences emerged in terms of interval between symptoms onset and radiological diagnosis (P = 0.94), symptoms onset and cytohistological diagnosis (P = 0.92), symptoms onset and treatment start (P = 0.40), and treatment start and first radiological revaluation (P = 0.36). Conclusions Our study pointed out a reduction of new diagnoses with a shift towards higher stage at diagnosis for LC pts in 2020. Despite this, the measures adopted by Italian Oncology Departments ensured the maintenance of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of LC pts. The COVID-19 outbreak had an impact on access to lung cancer (LC) diagnosis and treatment. A slight reduction (−6.9%) in newly diagnosed LC cases was observed in 2020 compared with 2019. Newly diagnosed LC pts in 2020 were more likely to be diagnosed with stage IV disease. The Italian Oncology Departments ensured the maintenance of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways of LC pts. A reverse migration from high-volume to low-volume cancer centers was noted during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy. https://twitter.com/LucaCantiniMD
| | - G Mentrasti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - G L Russo
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Signorelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - E Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Russano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - D Rocco
- Department of Pulmonology and Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - R Giusti
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - V Adamo
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo & Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Genova
- UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Tuzi
- Oncologia Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - A Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - S Gori
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - N La Verde
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - R Chiari
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Monselice, Italy
| | - A Cortellini
- Medical Oncology, St Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - V Cognigni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Pecci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Indini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A De Toma
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Zattarin
- Oncologia Medica 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Oresti
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E G Pizzutilo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Frega
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - E Erbetta
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - A Galletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Citarella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fancelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - E Caliman
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Della Gravara
- Dipartment of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - U Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Filetti
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Piras
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Toscano
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - L Zullo
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M De Tursi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Marino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- UOC Pneumologia, Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - M S Cona
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - A Guida
- Oncologia Medica e Traslazionale, AO Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - A Caglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - F Salerno
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- UOC Territorial Oncology, University "Sapienza", AUSL Latina, Cds Aprilia, Aprilia, Italy
| | - C Bennati
- Department of Onco-Hematology, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - F Morgillo
- UOC Oncologia ed Ematologia, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - C Dellepiane
- UOC Oncologia Medica 2, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vallini
- Oncologia Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - V Sforza
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - A Inno
- UOC Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - F Rastelli
- UOC Oncologia, Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - V Tassi
- Chirurgia Toracica, AO Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - L Nicolardi
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Monselice, Italy
| | - V Pensieri
- Medical Oncology, St Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Emili
- Operative Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - E Roca
- Thoracic Oncology - Lung Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera Del Garda, Italy
| | - A Migliore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - T Galassi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - M L Bruno Rocchi
- Biomolecular Sciences Department, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - R Berardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
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11
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Spinelli G, Colombo L, Lupker SJ. Consonant and vowel transposition effects during reading development: A study on Italian children and adults. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:2023-2042. [PMID: 34841965 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211066301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Colombo, Spinelli, and Lupker, using a masked transposed letter (TL) priming paradigm, investigated whether consonant/vowel (CV) status is important early in orthographic processing. In four experiments with Italian and English adults, they found equivalent TL priming effects for CC, CV, and VC transpositions. Here, we investigated that question with younger readers (aged 7-10) and adults, as well as whether masked TL priming effects might have a phonological basis. That is, because young children are likely to use phonological recoding in reading, the question was whether they would show TL priming that is affected by CV status. In Experiment 1, target words were preceded by primes in which two letters (either CV, VC, or CC) were transposed versus substituted (SL). We found significant TL priming effects, with an increasing developmental trend but, again, no letter type by priming interaction. In Experiment 2, the transpositions/substitutions involved only pairs of vowels with those vowels having either diphthong or hiatus status. The difference between these two types of vowel clusters is only phonological; thus, the question was, "Would TL priming interact with this factor?" TL priming was again found with an increasing trend with age, but there was no vowel cluster by priming interaction. There was, however, an overall vowel cluster effect (slower responding to words with hiatuses) which decreased with age. The results suggest that TL priming only taps the orthographic level, and that CV status only becomes important at a later phonological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephen J Lupker
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Spinelli G, Goldsmith SF, Lupker SJ, Morton JB. Bilingualism and executive attention: Evidence from studies of proactive and reactive control. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2021; 48:906-927. [PMID: 34843340 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide proportion-congruent effect and one that elicits an item-specific proportion-congruent effect. In both cases, the relevant finding is that congruency effects are reduced when the proportion of congruent to incongruent items is smaller. These effects are validated measures of proactive and reactive control, respectively, and are aspects of executive attention known to be associated with individual differences in working memory capacity. We reasoned that if bilingualism affects executive attention in a similar way as does working memory capacity, indices of proactive and reactive control should be comparably associated with continuous variation in language status and working memory capacity. In two experiments, we replicated previous findings that working memory capacity is associated with variation in congruency effects (suggesting greater reliance on proactive control). In contrast, language status had no consistent association with performance, save for a hint that bilingualism may be associated with greater reliance on reactive control. Thus, the bilingual advantage may exist, but not in proactive control or any other aspects of executive attention that have been proposed thus far. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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13
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Spinelli G, Brogi E, Sidoti A, Pagnucci N, Forfori F. Assessment of the knowledge level and experience of healthcare personnel concerning CPR and early defibrillation: an internal survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:195. [PMID: 33879072 PMCID: PMC8056553 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a major public health problem with significant mortality. Rapid cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early defibrillation is extremely connected to patient outcome. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of a basic life support and defibrillation course in improving knowledge in IHCA management. Methods We performed a prospective observational study recruiting healthcare personnel working at Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy. Study consisted in the administration of two questionnaires before and after BLS-D course. The course was structured as an informative meeting and it was held according to European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Results 78 participants completed pre- and post-course questionnaires. Only 31.9% of the participants had taken part in a BLS-D before our study. After the course, we found a significative increase in the percentage of participants that evaluated their skills adequate in IHCA management (17.9% vs 42.3%; p < 0.01) and in the correct use of defibrillator (38.8% vs 67.9% p < 0.001). However, 51.3% of respondents still consider their preparation not entirely appropriate after the course. Even more, we observed a significant increase in the number of corrected responses after the course, especially about sequence performed in case of absent vital sign, CPR maneuvers and use of defibrillator. Conclusions The training course resulted in significant increase in the level of knowledge about the general management of IHCA in hospital staff. Therefore, a simple intervention such as an informative meetings improved significantly the knowledge about IHCA and, consequently, can lead to a reduction of morbidity and mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02009-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spinelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Brogi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A Sidoti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Pagnucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Forfori
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Cupertino F, Spataro S, Spinelli G, Schirinzi A, Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Di Serio F, Tafuri S. The university as a safe environment during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic: the experience of Bari Politecnico. Ann Ig 2021; 33:201-202. [PMID: 33570091 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2021.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started in December 2019 and still remains a major global health issue. Every country in the world has adopted drastic measures to contain the virus, although their stringency varies among countries, ranging from increased surveillance and focused interventions to strict lockdown (1). Italy was the second country where the disease had a major impact early in the pandemic, such that a strict nationwide lockdown was declared from March 9 to May 3, 2020. Nonetheless, between January and May 2020, there were 210,000 COVID-19 cases in Italy and 29,000 deaths were recorded (2). Due to the lockdown, universities (and in general all educational services) shifted to online classes, with students attending lessons and taking their exams from home. On-site activities were reduced to those considered indispensable. Research activities also had to be modified, such as by the adoption of a smart-working model (3). Between May and August 2020, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Italy decreased. In response, the lockdown was loosened and some activities were restarted, albeit with specific safety protocols (social distancing, use of masks, temperature checks at the workplace entry, environmental disinfection, mixed models of smart and in-office work). These actions were accompanied by periodic serological and PCR screening tests (4).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Schirinzi
- Diagnostic Department, Bari Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - F P Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - P Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Di Serio
- Diagnostic Department, Bari Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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15
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Devoto F, Zapparoli L, Spinelli G, Scotti G, Paulesu E. How the harm of drugs and their availability affect brain reactions to drug cues: a meta-analysis of 64 neuroimaging activation studies. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:429. [PMID: 33318467 PMCID: PMC7736294 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual drug cues are powerful triggers of craving in drug abusers contributing to enduring addiction. According to previous qualitative reviews, the response of the orbitofrontal cortex to such cues is sensitive to whether subjects are seeking treatment. Here we re-evaluate this proposal and assessed whether the nature of the drug matters. To this end, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis of 64 neuroimaging studies on drug-cue reactivity across legal (nicotine, alcohol) or illegal substances (cocaine, heroin). We used the ALE algorithm and a hierarchical clustering analysis followed by a cluster composition statistical analysis to assess the association of brain clusters with the nature of the substance, treatment status, and their interaction. Visual drug cues activate the mesocorticolimbic system and more so in abusers of illegal substances, suggesting that the illegal substances considered induce a deeper sensitization of the reward circuitry. Treatment status had a different modulatory role for legal and illegal substance abusers in anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal areas involved in inter-temporal decision making. The class of the substance and the treatment status are crucial and interacting factors that modulate the neural reactivity to drug cues. The orbitofrontal cortex is not sensitive to the treatment status per se, rather to the interaction of these factors. We discuss that these varying effects might be mediated by internal predispositions such as the intention to quit from drugs and external contingencies such as the daily life environmental availability of the drugs, the ease of getting them and the time frame of potential reward through drug consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Devoto
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Psychology and PhD Program in Neuroscience of the School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zapparoli
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Spinelli
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Scotti
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Paulesu
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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16
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Mannelli G, Santoro R, Bonomo P, Desideri I, Spinelli G. Will a tumor pandemic come after the COVID-19 pandemic? Head and Neck cancer perspective. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:8573-8575. [PMID: 32894562 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demands a reassessment of head and neck oncology treatment paradigms by posing several challenges for oncology services, with unprecedented pressure on the regional health care system. Since February 2020 this has severely disrupted health-care services, leading to accumulating clinic caseload and substantial delays for operations. The head and neck cancer services have been faced with the difficult task of managing the balance between infection risk to health-care providers and the risk of disease progression from prolonged waiting times. Herein, we share our experience in Firenze (Italy) and propose our action plan on the management of head and neck cancer services via multi-institution collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Head and Neck Oncology and Robotic Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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17
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Stefanizzi P, Bavaro V, Spinelli G, Anona D, Stella P, Tafuri S. AEFIs active surveillance projects as vaccinovigilance traineeship: Puglia (Italy) experience. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) is a crucial part of vaccination strategies because the most important concern of “No-vax group” is the safety of vaccination. According to UE laws, in Italy a passive surveillance system of AEFIs is established by law and managed by National Drug Authority (AIFA) and Regional Health Governments. The performance of surveillance system is different in the 21 Italian Regions and in some Region, such as Puglia, the AEFIs reporting rate has been, for several years, lower than National figure. The implementation of AEFIs active surveillance projects could increase the performance of AEFIs surveillance system, also after the end of the project.
In Puglia, since 2017, May to 2018, November, an active surveillance of AEFIs has been established, focused on MMRV vaccine. In this study, we analysed the AEFIs general picture in Puglia in 2016 and 2019, before and after active surveillance project. The source of data is the AIFA database; data were reported as number of AEFI and rate for Puglia population (reporting rate RR). The AEFIs were classified as serious, not serious and unclassifiable and causality assessment was performed according to WHO recommendations.
The number of AEFIs detected by the passive surveillance system is 91 for 2016 (RR 2,2 per 100.000 people), and 168 for 2019 (RR 4,2 per 100.000 people). The percentage of serious AEFIs was 23.1% (21/91) in 2016 and 31% (52/168) in 2019 and unclassifiable AEFIs were 22% (20/91) in 2016 and 0 in 2019. The percentage of serious AEFIs for which the result of causality assessment was “consistent” is 23,8% (5/21) in 2016 and 55,8% (29/52) in 2019.
The experience of AEFIs active surveillance project increase the performance of AEFIs surveillance system. From 2016 (pre-project time) to 2019 (post-project time) the number of AEFIs detected was doubled, the number of unclassifiable AEFIs (proxy of poor reliability of the system) was reduced to zero.
Key messages
AEFIs passive surveillance system could be affected by underreporting and lack of quality. The AEFIs active surveillance project are an important occasion of traineeship for vaccinovigilance system, that could increase the sensibility and the reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stefanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - V Bavaro
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Regione Puglia, Bari, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - D Anona
- Centro Regionale di Farmacovigilanza, Regione Puglia, Bari, Italy
| | - P Stella
- Centro Regionale di Farmacovigilanza, Regione Puglia, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tafuri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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18
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Bonomo P, Desideri I, Mangoni M, Loi M, Saieva C, Marrazzo L, Talamonti C, Salvatore G, Sottili M, Teriaca M, Stocchi G, Cerbai C, Salvestrini V, Ganovelli M, Massi D, Gallo O, Santoro R, Spinelli G, Pallotta S, Livi L. 978TiP Durvalumab with cetuximab and radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A phase I/II trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Lupker SJ, Spinelli G, Davis CJ. Is zjudge a better prime for JUDGE than zudge is?: A new evaluation of current orthographic coding models. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2020; 46:1252-1266. [PMID: 32757591 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three masked priming paradigms, the conventional masked priming lexical-decision task (Forster & Davis, 1984), the sandwich priming task (Lupker & Davis, 2009), and the masked priming same-different task (Norris & Kinoshita, 2008), were used to investigate priming for a given target (e.g., JUDGE) from primes created by either adding a letter to the beginning of the target (e.g., zjudge) or replacing the target's initial letter (e.g., zudge). Virtually all models of orthographic coding that allow calculation of orthographic similarity measures predict that zjudge should be the better prime because zjudge contains all the letters in JUDGE in their correct order whereas zudge does not. Nonetheless, Adelman et al.'s (2014) megastudy data indicated no difference in the effectiveness of these two prime types. The present experiments provide additional support for the conclusion of no difference between these two prime types with the only observed difference being a small zudge prime advantage in Experiment 1b (sandwich priming). These results suggest that models of orthographic coding/word recognition may be well served by allowing inconsistent information (e.g., the "z" in both zjudge and zudge indicates that the presented prime is not JUDGE) to be given considerable weight during the orthographic coding/word recognition process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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20
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Spinelli G, Krishna K, Perry JR, Lupker SJ. Working memory load dissociates contingency learning and item-specific proportion-congruent effects. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2020; 46:2007-2033. [PMID: 32658541 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A consistent finding in the Stroop literature is that congruency effects (i.e., the color-naming latency difference between words presented in incongruent vs. congruent colors) are larger for mostly-congruent items (e.g., the word RED presented most often in red) than for mostly-incongruent items (e.g., the word GREEN presented most often in yellow). This "item-specific proportion-congruent effect" might be produced by a conflict-adaptation process (e.g., fully focus attention to the color when the word GREEN appears) and/or by a more general learning mechanism of stimulus-response contingencies (e.g., respond "yellow" when the word GREEN appears). Under the assumption that limited-capacity resources are necessary for learning stimulus-response contingencies, we examined the contingency-learning account using both Stroop and nonconflict (i.e., noncolor words written in colors) versions of a color identification task while participants maintained a working memory (WM) load. Consistent with the contingency-learning account, WM load modulated people's ability to learn contingencies in the nonconflict task. In contrast, across 3 experiments, WM load did not affect the item-specific proportion-congruent effect in the Stroop task even though we employed a design (the "2-item set" design) in which contingency learning should be the dominant process. These results imply that the item-specific proportion-congruent effect is not merely a byproduct of contingency learning but a manifestation of reactive control, a mode of control engagement that may be especially useful when WM resources are scarce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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21
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Allevi F, Dionisio A, Baciliero U, Balercia P, Beltramini GA, Bertossi D, Bozzetti A, Califano L, Cascone P, Colombo L, Copelli C, De Ponte FS, De Riu G, Della Monaca M, Fusetti S, Galié M, Giannì AB, Longo F, Mannucci N, Nocini PF, Pelo S, Ramieri G, Sesenna E, Solazzo L, Spinelli G, Tarsitano A, Tartaro G, Valentini V, Verrina G, Biglioli F. Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on maxillofacial surgery in Italy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:692-697. [PMID: 32414539 PMCID: PMC7196423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maxillofacial departments in 23 surgical units in Italy have been increasingly involved in facing the COVID-19 emergency. Elective surgeries have been progressively postponed to free up beds and offer human and material resources to those infected. We compiled an inventory of 32 questions to evaluate the impact of the SARS-COV2 epidemic on maxillofacial surgery in 23 selected Italian maxillofacial departments. The questionnaire focused on three different aspects: the variation of the workload, showing both a reduction of the number of team members (-16% among specialists, -11% among residents) due to reallocation or contamination and a consistent reduction of elective activities (the number of outpatient visits cancelled during the first month of the COVID-19 epidemic was about 10 000 all over Italy), while only tumour surgery and trauma surgery has been widely guaranteed; the screening procedures on patients and physicians (22% of maxillofacial units found infected surgeons, which is 4% of all maxillofacial surgeons); and the availability of Personal Protective Equipment, is only considered to be partial in 48% of Maxillofacial departments. This emergency has forced those of us in the Italian health system to change the way we work, but only time will prove if these changes have been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allevi
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Dionisio
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - U Baciliero
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - P Balercia
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - G A Beltramini
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Bertossi
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Bozzetti
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ospedale San Gerardo di Monza, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L Califano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - P Cascone
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L Colombo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - C Copelli
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Fg), Italy
| | - F S De Ponte
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico Gaetano Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico di Sassari, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Della Monaca
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fusetti
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Padua Hospital, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M Galié
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A B Giannì
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Longo
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Fg), Italy
| | - N Mannucci
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - P F Nocini
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Pelo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Università del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ramieri
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Sesenna
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Solazzo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ospedale Civico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - A Tarsitano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Sant'Orsola, Università Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Tartaro
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Verrina
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Biglioli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Spinelli G, Lupker SJ. Proactive control in the Stroop task: A conflict-frequency manipulation free of item-specific, contingency-learning, and color-word correlation confounds. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2020; 47:1550-1562. [PMID: 32150437 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the Stroop task, congruency effects (i.e., the color-naming latency difference between incongruent stimuli, e.g., the word BLUE written in the color red, and congruent stimuli, e.g., RED in red) are smaller in a list in which incongruent trials are frequent than in a list in which incongruent trials are infrequent. The traditional explanation for this pattern is that a conflict-monitoring mechanism adjusts attention to task-relevant versus task-irrelevant information in a proactive fashion based on list-wide conflict frequency. More recently, however, multiple alternative explanations have been advanced that could explain the pattern without invoking this form of proactive control: Individuals might only adapt to conflict frequency specific to individual items (as opposed to list-wide conflict frequency), they could learn word-color contingencies (e.g., how often a particular word and color are paired), or they could adapt attention based on whether the words are informative of the color (even if many word-color pairings are incongruent) in the list as a whole. To examine this issue, we designed a new paradigm that should eliminate any impact of these alternative mechanisms. In that paradigm, the proportion of neutral (e.g., XXX in red) and incongruent stimuli was manipulated across lists. Paralleling the results in the original paradigm, there was a smaller latency difference between incongruent and neutral stimuli in a list in which incongruent trials were frequent than in a list in which incongruent trials were infrequent, suggesting that proactive control in response to list-wide conflict frequency is a process humans can and do use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Colombo L, Spinelli G, Lupker SJ. The impact of consonant–vowel transpositions on masked priming effects in Italian and English. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2020; 73:183-198. [DOI: 10.1177/1747021819867638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are now a number of reports in the literature that transposed letter (TL) priming effects emerge when two consonants are transposed (e.g., caniso-CASINO) but not when two vowels are transposed (e.g., cinaso-CASINO). In the present article, four masked priming lexical decision experiments, two in Italian and two in English, are reported in which TL priming effects involving the transposition of two adjacent consonants (e.g., atnenna-ANTENNA) were contrasted with those involving the transposition of a vowel and an adjacent consonant (e.g., anetnna-ANTENNA), a contrast not directly examined in the previous literature. In none of the experiments was there any indication that the priming effects were different sizes for the two types of transpositions, including Experiment 4 in which a sandwich priming paradigm was used. These results support the assumption of most orthographic coding models that the consonant–vowel status of the letters is not relevant to the nature of the orthographic code. The question of how to reconcile these results with other TL manipulations investigating vowel versus consonant transpositions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lupker
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lupker SJ, Spinelli G, Davis CJ. Masked form priming as a function of letter position: An evaluation of current orthographic coding models. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2019; 46:2349-2366. [PMID: 31829650 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A word's exterior letters, particularly its initial letter, appear to have a special status when reading. Therefore, most orthographic coding models incorporate assumptions giving initial letters and, in some cases, final letters, enhanced importance during the orthographic coding process. In the present article, 3 masked priming experiments were carried out, using the conventional lexical-decision task, the sandwich priming lexical-decision task and the masked priming same-different task, in an attempt to examine a number of those models with a specific focus on the implications of the models' assumptions concerning the different letter positions. The related primes and targets were 6-letter strings that differed in 2 letter positions, initial (e.g., jnckey-HOCKEY), middle (e.g., hojney-HOCKEY), or final (hockjn-HOCKEY), with the middle-letters different primes being the primes that maintained both end letters. To the extent possible, the predictions of the models were derived by using easyNet, the simulation program recently developed by Adelman, Gubian, and Davis (2017). In all experiments, the final-letters different primes were the most effective primes with there being no clear distinction between the other 2 prime types, a pattern that none of the models predicted. The lack of an advantage for the middle-letters different primes suggests that the orthographic code driving masked priming is not one that places a special emphasis on the identities of the exterior letters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Spinelli G, Perry JR, Lupker SJ. Adaptation to conflict frequency without contingency and temporal learning: Evidence from the picture-word interference task. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2019; 45:995-1014. [PMID: 31144859 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In interference tasks (e.g., Stroop, 1935), the difference between congruent and incongruent latencies (i.e., the "congruency" effect) is larger in trial blocks containing mostly congruent trials than in trial blocks containing mostly incongruent trials (the proportion-congruent [PC] effect). Although the PC effect has typically been interpreted as reflecting adjustments in attention toward/away from the task-irrelevant dimension (i.e., a conflict-adaptation strategy), recent research has suggested alternative accounts based on the learning of either contingencies (i.e., distractor-response associations) or of temporal expectancies (i.e., the typical response speed on previous trials), accounts in which conflict adaptation plays no role. Using the picture-word interference paradigm, we report data from two PC manipulations in which contingency learning was made impossible by using nonrepeated distractors (Experiment 1A) or both nonrepeated distractors and responses (Experiment 1B). The classic PC effect emerged in both experiments. In addition, learning of temporal expectancies could not explain the present PC effects either, as results from trial-level analyses of Experiments 1A and 1B and a nonconflict version of Experiment 1B (Experiment 2) were inconsistent with the predictions of the temporal learning account of PC effects. These results suggest that conflict adaptation remains a credible explanation for PC effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Yang H, Chen J, Spinelli G, Lupker SJ. The impact of text orientation on form priming effects in four-character Chinese words. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2018; 45:1511-1526. [PMID: 30211590 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Does visuospatial orientation influence repetition and transposed character (TC) priming effects in logographic scripts? According to perceptual learning accounts, the nature of orthographic (form) priming effects should be influenced by text orientation (Dehaene, Cohen, Sigman, & Vinckier, 2005; Grainger & Holcomb, 2009). In contrast, Witzel, Qiao, and Forster's (2011) abstract letter unit account argues that the mechanism responsible for such effects acts at a totally abstract orthographic level (i.e., the visuospatial orientation is irrelevant to the nature of the relevant orthographic code). The present experiments expanded this debate beyond alphabetic scripts and the syllabic Kana script used by Witzel et al. to a logographic script (Chinese). Experiment 1 showed masked repetition and TC priming effects with primes and targets presented in both the conventional left-to-right horizontal orientation and the vertical top-to-bottom orientation, replicating Witzel et al. Experiment 2 showed masked repetition and TC priming effects even when both the primes and targets were presented in the right-to-left orientation, a rare but existent text orientation in Chinese. In Experiment 3, the primes, but not the targets, were presented in the right-to-left orientation. Priming effects were again obtained regardless of the fact that the primes and targets appeared in different orientations. Experiment 4, which involved primes and targets presented in a completely novel bottom-to-top orientation, also produced a TC priming effect. These results support abstract letter/character unit accounts of form priming effects while failing to support perceptual learning accounts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Raffaini M, Cocconi R, Spinelli G, Agostini T. Simultaneous Rhinoseptoplasty and Orthognathic Surgery: Outcome Analysis of 250 Consecutive Patients Using a Modified Le Fort I Osteotomy. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 29560545 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of both functional intranasal procedures and cosmetic rhinoplasty combined with bimaxillary surgery. METHODS The author executed a retrospective cohort study derived from patients who underwent combined rhinoseptoplasty and bimaxillary surgery at a private practice setting (Face Surgery Center, Parma, Italy) between April 2006 and 2015 by a single surgeon. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Patients underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, functional nasal surgery and cosmetic rhinoplasty. RESULTS Two-hundred and fifty (250) consecutive, non-randomized patients met the inclusion criteria to enter the study. The overall complication rate was 5%, whereas the revision rate was 9%, showing an overall low rate, comparable to that of primary rhinoplasty (control group). About 94% of the patients polled after this procedure asserted they definitely accepted to have rhinoplasty only because it was included in one single surgical act together with orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION Cosmetic rhinoplasty shows great potentials to change our patients' appearance, whereas orthognathic surgery corrects jaw skeletal deformities and builds the right foundation for facial harmony. The combination of both procedures magnifies the single results reciprocally and significantly enhances the final outcomes. The quality of the overall aesthetic results, the scarcity of complications and the low percentage of defects that require revisions lead to the conclusion that when alterations to both the jaws and the nose are detected, a single intervention can grant great benefit to the patients in terms of morbidity and costs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raffaini
- Face Surgery Center, Via R. Bormioli 5/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - R Cocconi
- Face Surgery Center, Via R. Bormioli 5/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Palagi 1, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - T Agostini
- Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Palagi 1, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Spinelli G, Tieri G, Pavone EF, Aglioti SM. Wronger than wrong: Graded mapping of the errors of an avatar in the performance monitoring system of the onlooker. Neuroimage 2017; 167:1-10. [PMID: 29146376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
EEG studies show that observing errors in one's own or others' actions triggers specific electro-cortical signatures in the onlooker's brain, but whether the brain error-monitoring system operates according to graded or discrete rules is still largely unknown. To explore this issue, we combined immersive virtual reality with EEG recording in participants who observed an avatar reaching-to-grasp a glass from a first-person perspective. The avatar could perform correct or erroneous actions. Erroneous grasps were defined as small or large depending on the magnitude of the trajectory deviation from the to-be-grasped glass. Results show that electro-cortical indices of error detection (indexed by ERN and mid-frontal theta oscillations), but not those of error awareness (indexed by error-Positivity), were gradually modulated by the magnitude of the observed errors. Moreover, the phase connectivity analysis revealed that enhancement of mid-frontal theta phase synchronization paralleled the magnitude of the observed error. Thus, theta oscillations represent an electro-cortical index of the degree of control exerted by mid-frontal regions whose activation depends on how much an observed action outcome results maladaptive for the onlooker. Our study provides novel neurophysiological evidence that the error monitoring system maps observed errors of different magnitude according to fine-grain, graded rather than all-or-none rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Tieri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; University of Rome Unitelma Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | - E F Pavone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Braintrends Ltd. Applied Neuroscience, Rome, Italy.
| | - S M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Azzali A, Montagnani C, Simonetti MT, Spinelli G, de Martino M, Galli L. First case of Mycobacterium marseillense lymphadenitis in a child. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:92. [PMID: 29017528 PMCID: PMC5635610 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are pathogens that commonly affect the paediatric population and its most frequent manifestation is a cervicofacial lymphadenopathy. With the improvement of technologies, new species have been recently identified. Case presentation We report the first case of NMT lymphadenitis in a child caused by Mycobacterium marseillense, a newly described species belonging to Mycobacterium avium complex. Conclusions Improving the identification of these newly discovered mycobacteria, further information will be available about their clinical involvement and their best treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azzali
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini, 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Montagnani
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - M T Simonetti
- Tuscany Regional Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Neurosensorial Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - M de Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini, 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini, 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy. .,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Cocchiara G, Cajozzo M, Fazzotta S, Palumbo VD, Geraci G, Maione C, Buscemi S, Romano G, Fatica F, Spinelli G, Ficarella S, Maffongelli A, Caternicchia F, Lo Monte AI. [Risk factors' analysis of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy]. Clin Ter 2017; 168:e271-e277. [PMID: 28703844 DOI: 10.7417/t.2017.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This review evaluates those main risk factors that can affect patients undergoing thyroidectomy, to reach a better pre- and post-operative management of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism. DISCUSSION The transient hypoparathyroidism is a potentially severe complication of thyroidectomy, including a wide range of signs and symptoms that persists for a few weeks. The definitive hypoparathyroidism occurs when a medical treatment is necessary over 12 months. Risk factors that may influence the onset of this condition after thyroidectomy include: pre- and post-operative biochemical factors, such as serum calcium levels, vitamin D blood concentrations and intact PTH. Other involved factors could be summarized as follow: female sex, Graves' or thyroid neoplastic diseases, surgeon's dexterity and surgical technique. The medical treatment includes the administration of calcium, vitamin D and magnesium sometimes. CONCLUSIONS Although biological and biochemical factors could be related to iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism, the surgeon's experience and the used surgical technique still maintain a crucial role in the aetiology of this important complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cocchiara
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - M Cajozzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - S Fazzotta
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - V D Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - G Geraci
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - C Maione
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - S Buscemi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - G Romano
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
| | - F Fatica
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - G Spinelli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - S Ficarella
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - A Maffongelli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - F Caternicchia
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo
| | - A I Lo Monte
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
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Cocchiara G, Fazzotta S, Palumbo VD, Damiano G, Cajozzo M, Maione C, Buscemi S, Spinelli G, Ficarella S, Maffongelli A, Caternicchia F, Ignazio Lo Monte A, Buscemi G. The medical and surgical treatment in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Review. Clin Ter 2017; 168:e158-e167. [PMID: 28383630 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2017.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperparathyroidism is an alteration of the pathophysiological parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion due or an independent and abnormal release (primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism) by the parathyroid or an alteration of calcium homeostasis that stimulates the excessive production of parathyroid hormone (secondary hyperparathyroidism). AIMS There is not a standard, clinical or surgical, treatment for hyperparathyroidism. We review current diagnostic and therapeutic methods. DISCUSSION In secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) there is a progressive hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and an increased production of parathyroid hormone. Several causes are proposed: chronic renal insufficiency, vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption syndrome. The tertiary hyperparathyroidism (3HPT) is considered a state of excessive autonomous secretion of PTH due to long-standing 2HPT and it's usually the result of a lack of suppression in the production of PTH. The pathophysiological implications are both skeletal and extraskeletal: it damages the cardiovascular system, nervous system, immune, hematopoietic and endocrine system. The introduction of new drugs has improved the survival of these patients, allowing the inhibition of the synthesis of PTH. Indication for surgical treatment is unresponsive medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS There are no large prospective studies that comparing the medical and surgical treatment. The choice is not unique and we have to consider the singolar case and the clinical condition of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cocchiara
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo
| | - S Fazzotta
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - V D Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo - Istituto Euromediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italia
| | - G Damiano
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - M Cajozzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - C Maione
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - S Buscemi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - G Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - S Ficarella
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - A Maffongelli
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - F Caternicchia
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo
| | - A Ignazio Lo Monte
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
| | - G Buscemi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo
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Rizzo C, Arrigo R, D'Anna F, Di Blasi F, Dintcheva NT, Lazzara G, Parisi F, Riela S, Spinelli G, Massaro M. Hybrid supramolecular gels of Fmoc-F/halloysite nanotubes: systems for sustained release of camptothecin. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3217-3229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel supramolecular gel hybrids were prepared by self-assembly of Fmoc-l-phenylalanine in the presence of functionalized halloysite nanotubes and employed as carriers for the delivery of camptothecin molecules.
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Pino M, Brogi L, Spinelli G, Fioretto L. Supportive home care service: A home-based simultaneous care intervention. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw384.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spinelli G, Sulpizio S, Primativo S, Burani C. Stress in Context: Morpho-Syntactic Properties Affect Lexical Stress Assignment in Reading Aloud. Front Psychol 2016; 7:942. [PMID: 27445910 PMCID: PMC4916226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings from English and Russian have shown that grammatical category plays a key role in stress assignment. In these languages, some grammatical categories have a typical stress pattern and this information is used by readers. However, whether readers are sensitive to smaller distributional differences and other morpho-syntactic properties (e.g., gender, number, person) remains unclear. We addressed this issue in word and non-word reading in Italian, a language in which: (1) nouns and verbs differ in the proportion of words with a dominant stress pattern; (2) information specified by words sharing morpho-syntactic properties may contrast with other sources of information, such as stress neighborhood. Both aspects were addressed in two experiments in which context words were used to induce the desired morpho-syntactic properties. Experiment 1 showed that the relatively different proportions of stress patterns between grammatical categories do not affect stress processing in word reading. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that information specified by words sharing morpho-syntactic properties outweighs stress neighborhood in non-word reading. Thus, while general information specified by grammatical categories may not be used by Italian readers, stress neighbors with morpho-syntactic properties congruent with those of the target stimulus have a primary role in stress assignment. These results underscore the importance of expanding investigations of stress assignment beyond single words, as current models of single-word reading seem unable to account for our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, LondonON, Canada
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
- Fondazione Marica De Vincenzi ONLUSTrento, Italy
| | - Silvia Primativo
- Dementia Research Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Cristina Burani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR)Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
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Girardi A, Scapoli L, Cura F, Palmieri A, Carinci F, Morselli PG, Spinelli G, Caramelli E, Martinelli M. E-CADHERIN CODING GENE (CDH1) AND NONSYNDROMIC CLEFT LIP WITH OR WITHOUT CLEFT PALATE: IS THERE ANY ASSOCIATION? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:117-122. [PMID: 26511190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is an important process involved in cancer, embryogenesis and organ development. Its role in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) has been extensively investigated and successfully linked to the disease. In this study, we focused on a gene, CDH1, encoding for E-cadherin, a key protein in EMT. We carried out an association study on an Italian sample group, genotyping four single nucleotide variations within the CDH1 gene, in order to verify the potential role of this gene in NSCL/P etiology. Neither the haplotype nor the family-based association test revealed any association between the genotyped SNPs and the pathology. Our results demonstrate that, in our Italian sample study, the analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms are not associated to NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Girardi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Cura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P G Morselli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Plastic Surgery Unit, SantOrsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Spinelli
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Careggi Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - E Caramelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Three experiments of pseudoword reading assessed whether stress assignment affects reading aloud at the level of articulation planning. In Experiment 1 (immediate reading) both stimulus length (in syllables) and stress type affected reading latency and accuracy. Italian pseudowords were named faster and more accurately when they were assigned stress on the antepenultimate rather than on the penultimate syllable. In Experiment 2 (delayed reading) reading aloud of the same stimuli was not affected by length but was still affected by stress type, with shorter latencies for pseudowords stressed on the antepenultimate syllable. Experiment 3 replicated the results of the first two experiments with new materials and with a tightly controlled procedure. These results indicate that stress assignment exerts an effect in a processing component where articulation is planned since articulation cannot start until stress is assigned. Our results also suggest that, in reading aloud, the minimal planning unit for articulation is smaller than the whole stimulus, including the first syllable up to the stressed unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Document Studies, Linguistics and Geography, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Cristina Burani
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR)
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Guadagno L, Raimondo M, Vietri U, Vertuccio L, Barra G, De Vivo B, Lamberti P, Spinelli G, Tucci V, Volponi R, Cosentino G, De Nicola F. Effective formulation and processing of nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced composites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A very simple process to manufacture CFRCs was used. DC conductivity values (20 kS m−1 for the in plane value and 3.9 S m−1 for the out of plane at T = 30 °C) are among the highest values found for CFRCs impregnated with MWCNTs based epoxy-resin.
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Imperatore F, Spinelli G, Imparato F, Marsilia PF, Mendetta L, Liguori G, De Cristofaro M. IMPROVING CIAGLIA BLUE RHINO TECHNIQUE FOR TRACHEOSTOMY WITH A SIMPLE PROCEDURAL MODIFICATION. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798142 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Guadagno L, Raimondo M, Vertuccio L, Mauro M, Guerra G, Lafdi K, De Vivo B, Lamberti P, Spinelli G, Tucci V. Optimization of graphene-based materials outperforming host epoxy matrices. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic layers are designed as a self-assembly structure using edge-carboxylated layers approach. The functionalization facilitate the interfacial interaction between polymer and carbon layers enhancing electrical and mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - M. Raimondo
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - L. Vertuccio
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA) 84084
- Italy
| | - M. Mauro
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - G. Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - K. Lafdi
- University of Dayton
- Dayton Ohio
- USA
| | - B. De Vivo
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Applied University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - P. Lamberti
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Applied University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - G. Spinelli
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Applied University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - V. Tucci
- Department of Information Engineering
- Electrical Engineering and Mathematics Applied University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
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40
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Sulpizio S, Spinelli G, Burani C. “Stress affects articulatory planning in reading aloud”: Correction to Sulpizio, Spinelli, and Burani (2015). J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2015; 41:1538. [DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Spinelli G, Lazzeri D, Arcuri F, Agostini T. Closed reduction of the isolated anterior frontal sinus fracture via percutaneous screw placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 44:79-82. [PMID: 25448407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fractures of the frontal sinus are a common maxillofacial trauma and constitute 5-15% of all maxillofacial fractures. Conventional surgical approaches include the coronal flap, direct cutaneous incision, and endoscopic techniques. Minimally invasive techniques have recently been described for the reduction of the isolated anterior frontal sinus fracture via a closed approach. The medical records and radiological findings of all patients who underwent surgical treatment for anterior frontal sinus fractures from January 2009 to December 2013 at the study hospital in Florence, Italy, were reviewed. The final study sample consisted of 15 patients (13 males and two females) with isolated anterior frontal sinus fractures who were treated with closed reduction using percutaneous screws. The mean age was 32.1 years. The skin incisions healed without any visible scarring, and no depressions of the frontal sinuses were evident in the postoperative period. Computed tomography scans performed at 6 months postoperatively showed adequate reduction of the displaced fragments. This closed technique is a good option for displaced isolated fractures of the anterior frontal sinus. However, the technique is not adequate for complex fractures of the frontal sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spinelli
- CTO-AOUC, "Careggi Hospital", Florence, Italy; Unit of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, "Meyer Children's Hospital", Florence, Italy
| | - D Lazzeri
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Unit, Villa Salaria Clinic, Rome, Italy
| | - F Arcuri
- CTO-AOUC, "Careggi Hospital", Florence, Italy; Unit of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, "Meyer Children's Hospital", Florence, Italy.
| | - T Agostini
- CTO-AOUC, "Careggi Hospital", Florence, Italy; Unit of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, "Meyer Children's Hospital", Florence, Italy
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42
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Damiano G, Gioviale MC, Palumbo VD, Spinelli G, Buscemi S, Ficarella S, Bruno A, Tomasello G, Lo Monte AI. Human fibrin glue sealing versus suture polypropylene fixation in Lichtenstein inguinal herniorrhaphy: a prospective observational study. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2014; 109:660-663. [PMID: 25375054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who underwent primary inguinal hernia repair still report a high rate of postoperative pain after operation due to the effect of mesh fixation by suture.An alternative is the use of human fibrin glue. We compared the two techniques. METHODS 468 patients randomly underwent primary inguinal hernia Lichtenstein repair fixing the mesh by suture or by human fibrin glue (HFG); in both cases the mesh was fixed to the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and to the inguinal ligament. RESULTS No significant differences were recorded between the two groups in terms of complications, while the sutureless technique reduces the operative time and the postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS A widespread technique for the treatment of inguinal hernia is the application of a mesh using Lichtenstein procedure. The prosthesis can be fixed by traditional suture or using a new method of sutureless fixation with adhesive materials that shows an excellent local tolerability and lack of adverse effects and contraindications.
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Spinelli C, Strambi S, Pucci V, Liserre J, Spinelli G, Palombo C. Spigelian hernia in a 14-year-old girl: a case report and review of the literature. European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2014; 2:58-62. [PMID: 25755973 PMCID: PMC4336063 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spigelian hernia (SH) is a surgical rarity in children, which occurs through slit-like defects in the anterior abdominal wall adjacent to the semilunar line, the convexity lateral line which joins the nine ribs to the pubic tubercle and signs the limit between the muscular and aponeurotic portion of transversus abdominis muscle. As there are no specific symptoms and signs, the diagnosis is difficult, especially in children. We report a case of SH that comes to our observation: a 14-year-old girl presented recurrent abdominal pain associated to intermittent palpable mass in the paraumbilical region. Starting from our case report, we review the literature of pediatric SH from 2000 to 2013 and we describe the anatomy, etiology, clinical presentation, instrumental diagnosis, and surgical technique of pediatric SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Strambi
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucci
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Josephine Liserre
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinelli
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Intensive Care Unit IV, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Pathology Surgical, Clinical, Molecular and of Critical Area, Intensive Care Unit IV, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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44
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Sinagra E, Tomasello G, Cappello F, Leone A, Cottone M, Bellavia M, Rossi F, Facella T, Damiani P, Zeenny MN, Damiani F, Abruzzo A, Damiano G, Palumbo VD, Cocchi M, Jurjus A, Spinelli G, Lo Monte AI, Raimondo D. Probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases: state-of-the-art and new insights. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:919-933. [PMID: 24382173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two distinct clinical forms, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), with unknown aetiology, which nevertheless are considered to share almost identical pathophysiological backgrounds. Up to date, a full coherent mechanistic explanation for IBD is still lacking, but people start to realize that the pathogenesis of IBD involves four fundamental components: the environment, gut microbiota, the immune system and the genome. As a consequence, IBD development might be due to an altered immune response and a disrupted mechanism of host tolerance to the non-pathogenic resident microbiota, leading to an elevated inflammatory response. Considering the available data arising from the scientific literature, here reviewed, in CD, a benefit of probiotics remains unproven; in UC, a benefit of probiotics remains unproven, even if E. coli Nissle 1917 seems promising in maintaining remission and it could be considered an alternative in patients intolerant or resistant to 5-ASA preparations; in pouchitis, small controlled trials suggest a benefit from VSL no. 3 in the primary and secondary prevention of pouchitis; in IBD-associated conditions, a benefit of probiotics remains unproven. However, well-designed randomized control clinical trials are necessary to understand the undoubted role of these agents in the management of gut physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sinagra
- PhD Course in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Tomasello
- Department DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Leone
- Department BIONEC, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cottone
- Department DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Bellavia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Fondazione Istituto S. Raffaele- G. Giglio, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cefalu', Italy
| | - T Facella
- Fondazione Istituto S. Raffaele- G. Giglio, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cefalu', Italy
| | - P Damiani
- Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Hospital, Unit of Geriatry, Palermo, Italy
| | - M N Zeenny
- Department BIONEC, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Damiani
- PhD Course in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - A Abruzzo
- PhD Course in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Damiano
- Department DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - V D Palumbo
- Department DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cocchi
- Institute Paolo Sotgiu for Research in Quantitative and Quantum Psychiatry and Cardiology, LUdeS University, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A Jurjus
- Department of Morphology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Spinelli
- Department DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - A I Lo Monte
- PhD Course in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - D Raimondo
- Fondazione Istituto S. Raffaele- G. Giglio, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cefalu', Italy
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45
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Gioviale MC, Damiano G, Puleio R, Bellavia M, Cassata G, Palumbo VD, Spinelli G, Altomare R, Barone R, Cacciabaudo F, Buscemi G, Lo Monte AI. Histologic effects of University of Wisconsin two-layer method preservation of rat pancreas. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1723-8. [PMID: 23769032 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marginal donors represent a poorly utilized source of organs for transplantation despite their availability. The key is to reduce the ischemic damage in the effort to improve organ quality. This study investigated the histologic effects after in situ perfusion of preservation with a two-layer method compared with the classic University of Wisconsin preservation in term of tissue integrity and number of viable exocrine cells in the rat pancreas both after exsanguination and at 8 weeks of cryopreservation. Pancreata harvested from 60 rats were collected using 3 methods: two-layer method following University of Wisconsin perfusion; exsanguination; and classic University of Wisconsin perfusion/storage. In addition to histologic analysis of collected pancreata, we analyzed the number of CK19(+) cells and their viability using chi-square tests with values P < .05 considered to be significant. Rat pancreas histology showed as University of Wisconsin in situ perfusion and preservation by the two-layer method to be more effective to maintain the morphologic integrity of both exocrine and endocrine tissues. There were a larger number of CK19(+) cells with good viability. Moreover, the effects of oxygenation were visible in pancreas biopsies preserved after exsanguination. In situ University of Wisconsin perfusion and preservation for 240 minutes with the two-layer method yielded greater numbers and viability of CK19(+) cells even after 8 weeks of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gioviale
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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46
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Damiano G, Di Ganci S, Palumbo VD, Spinelli G, De Luca S, Cudia B, Tomasello G, Lo Monte AI. [Gastric leiomyosarcoma: case report and review of literature]. Clin Ter 2012; 163:e181-e184. [PMID: 23007823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
True smooth muscle neoplasms of the wall of digestive tract are rare, in particular in the stomach, and the benign ones are prevalent. We report a case of gastric leiomyosarcoma (LMS) that we observed, diagnosed to a 71 years-old man, with important comorbidities, who had already underwent the amputation of the right lower limb. In consequence of the discovery of anaemia and melaena he underwent an endoscopy of the upper GI tract and CT scan, which showed the presence of a neoformation of the gastric wall, but because of the thrombosis of the common iliac artery and the occurrence of the clinical picture of critical ischaemia, at first the patient underwent the amputation of the left lower limb e only then an intervention of atypical gastroresection. Despite the neoplastic infiltration of the resection margins and the impossibility to undertake an adjuvant chemotherapy, the follow-up at 6, 12 and 28 months did not show a recurrence of the disease that remained in phase of clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Damiano
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia
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47
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Spinelli G, Damiano G, Palumbo VD, Cillino G, Lo Monte AI. [Bernard-Horner syndrome after accidental lesion of carotid artery: case report]. Clin Ter 2012; 163:e185-e187. [PMID: 23007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the complications of internal jugular vein insertion there is the lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk with the onset of Bernard-Horner syndrome, consisting of miosis, eyelid ptosis, enophthalmos and anhidrosis on the same side of the lesion. The neurological damage can be caused by the direct puncture of the trunk or by the irritating and compressive action of a hematoma during the puncture of the internal jugular; the clinical picture, when reversible, resolves in a few months. The case we report is about the onset of the syndrome after accidental puncture of carotid artery, followed by the total disappearance of signs in a few days.
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Lazzeri D, Agostini T, Pantaloni M, Spinelli G. Rhinophyma and non-melanoma skin cancer: An update. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2012; 57:183-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Palumbo VD, Damiano G, Spinelli G, Tomasello G, Cocchiara G, De Luca S, Randazzo S, Ficarella S, Bruno A, Lo Monte AI. A simple technique to improve residual skin plasticity for scrotal reconstruction in Fournier's Gangrene. Clin Ter 2012; 163:e315-e318. [PMID: 23099979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 50 years-old man developed 24 hours after hemorrhoidectomy a severe Fournier's gangrene of the scrotum necessitating surgical exeresis of more than 2/3 of scrotal skin followed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. After the resolution of the septic phase, scrotum reconstruction was obtained by tissue expansion to avoid more invasive advanced reconstructive techniques. The procedure consisted of an enzymatic and mechanical debridement and progressive skin expansion by package of gauzes of increasing volume covered with a collagenasecloramphenicol ointment (Iruxol®- Smith and Nephew, Italy), then closing the wound edges by temporary stitches to put under tension the skin. The reestablishment of the natural elasticity of the scrotal skin was obtained in ten days and at the final closure of the wound edges an acceptable optimal aesthetic result was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Palumbo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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50
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Santarelli A, Colella G, Carinci F, Pannone G, Rubini R, Lo Russo L, Polimeni A, Sgaramella N, Annibali S, Spinelli G, Lo Muzio L. Expression of β-catenin and γ-catenin in maxillary bone regeneration. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:107-11. [PMID: 21781455 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β- and γ-catenin are components of catenin family involved in cadherin adhesion function. Recently it has been shown that this family is involved in other functions such as signaling and activation of transcription factors. The final goal of this study was to evaluate the role of β- and γ-catenin in bone cell physiology and bone regeneration. Formalin-fixed-paraffin embedded specimens of 15 human bone specimens after sinus lift were collected and examined by immunohistochemstry using primary antibodies against β- and γ-catenin. Staining intensity and cellular localization were evaluated. β and γ-catenin showed a very high level of expression in human bone tissues. In particular catenins were expressed in cells with morphological findings of osteoblasts in the areas of new bone formation at the junction between mineralized and unmineralized tissue, between osteoid matrix and bone. Osteoclasts showed also positivity for catenins. Osteocytes, cells located in lacunae of mature mineralized bone with function of bone vitality maintenance, showed no expression for catenins. Specimens characterized by high amount of catenins in osteoblasts at 1° month showed high grade of bone maturation at 3° month. Data demonstrated an overall involvement of catenins in human bone tissues and in particular during bone regeneration process. The presence of staining for β- and γ-catenin particularly in osteoblasts demonstrates a significant role of catenins in functions, other than in cadherin interaction, such as signaling and activation of transcription factors during differentiation of bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santarelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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