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Andreotti G, Baur J, Ugrina M, Pfeiffer PB, Hartmann M, Wiese S, Miyahara H, Higuchi K, Schwierz N, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Insights into the Structural Basis of Amyloid Resistance Provided by Cryo-EM Structures of AApoAII Amyloid Fibrils. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168441. [PMID: 38199491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid resistance is the inability or the reduced susceptibility of an organism to develop amyloidosis. In this study we have analysed the molecular basis of the resistance to systemic AApoAII amyloidosis, which arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II). The disease affects humans and animals, including SAMR1C mice that express the C allele of ApoA-II protein, whereas other mouse strains are resistant to development of amyloidosis due to the expression of other ApoA-II alleles, such as ApoA-IIF. Using cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and other methods, we have determined the structures of pathogenic AApoAII amyloid fibrils from SAMR1C mice and analysed the structural effects of ApoA-IIF-specific mutational changes. Our data show that these changes render ApoA-IIF incompatible with the specific fibril morphologies, with which ApoA-II protein can become pathogenic in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Andreotti
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marijana Ugrina
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Max Hartmann
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Institute for Biomedical Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Institute for Biomedical Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Meio University, Nago 905-8585, Japan
| | - Nadine Schwierz
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Radamaker L, Karimi-Farsijani S, Andreotti G, Baur J, Neumann M, Schreiner S, Berghaus N, Motika R, Haupt C, Walther P, Schmidt V, Huhn S, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Wiese S, Read C, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Role of mutations and post-translational modifications in systemic AL amyloidosis studied by cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6434. [PMID: 34741031 PMCID: PMC8571268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic AL amyloidosis is a rare disease that is caused by the misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). Potential drivers of amyloid formation in this disease are post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the mutational changes that are inserted into the LCs by somatic hypermutation. Here we present the cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of an ex vivo λ1-AL amyloid fibril whose deposits disrupt the ordered cardiomyocyte structure in the heart. The fibril protein contains six mutational changes compared to the germ line and three PTMs (disulfide bond, N-glycosylation and pyroglutamylation). Our data imply that the disulfide bond, glycosylation and mutational changes contribute to determining the fibril protein fold and help to generate a fibril morphology that is able to withstand proteolytic degradation inside the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Radamaker
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Giada Andreotti
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Schreiner
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Berghaus
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raoul Motika
- Department of Asia-Africa-Studies, Middle Eastern History and Culture, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidt
- Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Medical Department V, Section of Multiple Myeloma, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Soren BC, Babu Dasari J, Ottaviani A, Messina B, Andreotti G, Romeo A, Iacovelli F, Falconi M, Desideri A, Fiorani P. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of an Antimalarial Compound with Antitumor Activity Targeting Human DNA Topoisomerase IB. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7455. [PMID: 34299074 PMCID: PMC8306514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerase IB controls the topological state of supercoiled DNA through a complex catalytic cycle that consists of cleavage and religation reactions, allowing the progression of fundamental DNA metabolism. The catalytic steps of human DNA topoisomerase IB were analyzed in the presence of a drug, obtained by the open-access drug bank Medicines for Malaria Venture. The experiments indicate that the compound strongly and irreversibly inhibits the cleavage step of the enzyme reaction and reduces the cell viability of three different cancer cell lines. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the drug binds to the human DNA topoisomerase IB-DNA complex sitting inside the catalytic site of the enzyme, providing a molecular explanation for the cleavage-inhibition effect. For all these reasons, the aforementioned drug could be a possible lead compound for the development of an efficient anti-tumor molecule targeting human DNA topoisomerase IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Chhetri Soren
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Jagadish Babu Dasari
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Alessio Ottaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Beatrice Messina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Giada Andreotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Alice Romeo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Federico Iacovelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fiorani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.C.S.); (J.B.D.); (B.M.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (F.I.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (P.F.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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McGlynn KA, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Campbell PT, Graubard BI, Chen J, Schwartz LM, Petrick JL, Alavanja MC, Andreotti G, Boggs DA, Buring JE, Chan AT, Freedman ND, Gapstur SM, Hollenbeck AR, Hou L, King LY, Koshiol J, Linet M, Palmer JR, Poynter JN, Purdue M, Robien K, Schairer C, Sesso HD, Sigurdson A, Wactawski-Wende J, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among US women: results from the Liver Cancer Pooling Project. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1266-72. [PMID: 25742475 PMCID: PMC4385955 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs less commonly among women than men in almost all regions of the world. The disparity in risk is particularly notable prior to menopause suggesting that hormonal exposures during reproductive life may be protective. Exogenous oestrogenic exposures such as oral contraceptives (OCs), however, have been reported to increase risk, suggesting that estrogens may be hepatocarcinogenic. To examine the effects of reproductive factors and exogenous hormones on risk, we conducted a prospective analysis among a large group of US women. METHODS In the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of US-based cohort studies, data from 799,500 women in 11 cohorts were pooled and harmonised. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of reproductive factors and exogenous hormones with HCC (n=248). RESULTS Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (HR=2.67, 95% CI=1.22-5.85), which did not appear to be related to a shorter duration of exposure to endogenous hormones or to menopausal hormone therapy use. There was no association between OC use and HCC (HR=1.12, 95% CI=0.82-1.55). Nor were there associations with parity, age at first birth, age at natural menopause, or duration of fertility. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that bilateral oophorectomy increases the risk of HCC but the explanation for the association is unclear. There was no association between OC use and HCC risk. Examination of endogenous hormone levels in relation to HCC may help to clarify the findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L M Schwartz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M C Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D A Boggs
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Buring
- 1] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A T Chan
- 1] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [3] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - L Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Y King
- 1] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [3] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Robien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington DC, WA, USA
| | - C Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H D Sesso
- 1] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sigurdson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Andreotti G, Hou L, Gao YT, Brinton LA, Rashid A, Chen J, Shen MC, Wang BS, Han TQ, Zhang BH, Sakoda LC, Fraumeni JF, Hsing AW. Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1185-9. [PMID: 20216539 PMCID: PMC2853091 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parity has been linked to gallbladder cancer and gallstones, but the effects of other reproductive factors are less clear. METHODS We examined 361 incident biliary tract cancer cases, 647 biliary stone cases, and 586 healthy women in a population-based study in Shanghai. RESULTS The effects of parity (odds ratios, OR(> or =3 vs 1 child)=2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-5.1), younger age at first birth (OR(per 1-year decrease)=1.2, 95% CI 0.99-1.6), and older age at menarche (OR(per 1-year increase)=1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8) on gallbladder cancer risk were more pronounced among women with stones, but the interactions were not significant. CONCLUSION Our results provide support for high parity, younger age at first birth, and late age at menarche in the development of gallbladder cancer, particularly among women with biliary stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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S Koutros, Lynch C, Ma X, Lee W, Hoppin J, Christensen C, Andreotti G, Freeman LB, Rusiecki J, Hou L, Sandler D, Alavanja MCR. Aromatic Amine Pesticide Use And Human Cancer Risk: Results From The U.S. Agricultural Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bonadio M, Tartaglia T, Fondelli S, Andreotti G. P1939 Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: distribution of uropathogens and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in an Italian hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Burbery L, Cassiani G, Andreotti G, Ricchiuto T, Semple KT. Single-well reactive tracer test and stable isotope analysis for determination of microbial activity in a fast hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer. Environ Pollut 2004; 129:321-330. [PMID: 14987818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-well reactive tracer tests, such as the push-pull test are useful tools for characterising in-situ bioattenuation processes in contaminated aquifers. However, the analytical models that are used to interpret push-pull data may be over-simplified, and potentially overlook important processes responsible for the frequent discrepancy between predicted and observed results obtained from push-pull tests. In this study, the limitations underlying the push-pull test methodology were investigated and were supported with results from a push-pull test conducted in a sulphate-reducing aquifer contaminated by crude oil. Poor (<7%) mass recovery was achieved when the push-pull test was performed in a fast-flowing aquifer, preventing a quantifiable reaction rate to be determined. Breakthrough curve data were unexplainable using simplified analytical models, but exhibited trends analogous with tests conducted by others, when >20% mass recoveries were achieved. Push-pull test data collected from sulphate-reducing aquifers indicate that the assumption of a well-mixed batch reactor system is incorrect and that reaction rates obtained from push-pull tests in such systems may be affected by the extraction regime implemented. Evidence of microbial respiration of the reactive tracer was provided by stable sulphur isotope analysis, from which an isotope fractionation factor of +9.9 +/- 8.1 per thousand was estimated. The stable isotope data support the argument that reaction rates calculated using push-pull tests are not uniformly distributed in space and time and are likely to be influenced by heterogeneities in the flow field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Burbery
- Department of Environmental Science, IENS, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Andreotti G, Lange JL, Brundage JF. The nature, incidence, and impact of eye injuries among US military personnel: implications for prevention. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119:1693-7. [PMID: 11709022 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.11.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess incidence rates of eye injuries in the US Armed Forces and to identify demographic and occupational correlates of risk. DESIGN Retrospective population-based study. SETTING US military medical facilities worldwide. PARTICIPANTS All individuals in the US Armed Forces during 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rates of hospitalizations and ambulatory visits for eye injuries. RESULTS The incidence rate of ambulatory visits (983 per 100 000 person-years) for eye injuries was 58 times higher than the incidence rate of hospitalizations (17 per 100 000 person-years) for eye injuries. Orbital floor fractures, contusions, and open wounds to the ocular adnexa and orbit accounted for 85% of eye injuries resulting in hospitalization, while 80% of ambulatory visits were for superficial wounds and foreign bodies. Hospitalization rates varied widely across demographic subgroups. Men had twice the incidence rate as women, and the youngest age group (17-24 years) had 6 times the incidence rate of the oldest age group (35-65 years). Together, motor vehicle crashes and fights caused nearly half of the hospitalizations. Ambulatory rates varied significantly in relation to occupation but not to demography. Tradespeople (eg, metal body machinist, welder, and metalworker) had incidence rates 3 to 4 times higher than the overall population rate. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalization and ambulatory data provide different views of the morbidity associated with eye injuries. General safety precautions and behavior modification, rather than eye-specific interventions, are indicated to prevent the most serious eye injuries. However, the consistent use of eye protection during known hazardous occupational activities could prevent much of the morbidity associated with the less serious, yet more common, eye injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Army Medical Surveillance Activity, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Building T-20, Room 213 (Attn: MCHB-TS-EDM), 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.
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Andreotti G, Trivellone E, Lamanna R, Di Luccia A, Motta A. Milk identification of different species: 13C-NMR spectroscopy of triacylglycerols from cows and buffaloes' milks. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:2432-7. [PMID: 11104260 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols from cows and buffaloes' milk fat were investigated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. By the addition of pure triacylglycerols standards, we identified the resonances of both milk fats, and the peaks were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of acyl groups. Multivariate analysis treatment of triacylglycerols distribution and composition parameters enabled us to identify milk. This study shows that NMR can safely be used to quantitate milk fatty acid content, providing unique information for milk identification of different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Unità di Ricerca di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.
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Motta A, Andreotti G, Amodeo P, Strazzullo G, Castiglione Morelli MA. Solution structure of human calcitonin in membrane-mimetic environment: the role of the amphipathic helix. Proteins 1998; 32:314-23. [PMID: 9715908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 32 amino acid hormone human calcitonin was studied at pH 3.7 and 7.4 by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles at 310K. The secondary structure was obtained from nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), 3JHNalpha coupling constants, and slowly exchanging amide data. Three-dimensional structures consistent with NMR data were generated by using distance geometry calculations. A set of 265 interproton distances derived from NOESY experiments, hydrogen-bond constraints obtained from amide exchange, and coupling constants were used. From the initial random conformations, 30 distance geometry structures with minimal violations were selected for further refinement with restrained energy minimization. In micelles, at both pHs, the hormone assumes an amphipathic alpha-helix from Leu9 to Phel6, followed by a type-I beta-turn between residues Phel6 and Phel9. From His20 onward the molecule is extended and no interaction with the helix was observed. The relevance of the amphipathic helix for the structure-activity relationship, the possible mechanisms of interaction with the receptor, as well as the formation of fibrillar aggregates, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Motta
- Istituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico del CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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Andreotti G, Cubellis MV, Palo MD, Fessas D, Sannia G, Marino G. Stability of a thermophilic TIM-barrel enzyme: indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochem J 1997; 323 ( Pt 1):259-64. [PMID: 9173891 PMCID: PMC1218304 DOI: 10.1042/bj3230259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The stability and activity of indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase from Sulfolobus solfataricus were studied as a function of pH and temperature. In this paper we focus on three points: (1) the long-term stability of the protein to irreversible denaturation at high temperature; (2) the short-term stability of the protein to reversible temperature-driven unfolding; and (3) the dependence of its activity on temperature. Results can be summarized as follows: (a) the same first-order kinetic constant (0.020+/-0.003 min-1) was determined at different pH values (6.5, 8.0 and 9.5) from long-term stability experiments at 80 degrees C; (b) short-term stability experiments revealed different behaviour in two different pH ranges (6.5-8.0, 8.5-9.5), suggesting that the melting temperature is higher at alkaline than at neutral pH; (c) the dependence of activity on temperature was investigated at pH 7.0 and 9.0, and a discontinuity was observed in the Arrhenius plot of kcat values at pH 9.0. We also investigated the stability in the presence of guanidinium chloride at 20 degrees C either at pH 7.0 or at pH 9.0, and we present data that indicate that the unfolding mechanism closely approaches a two-state model at pH 7.0 and a more complex mechanism at pH 9.0. Satisfactory fitting of the equilibrium unfolding transition obtained by fluorescence measurements at pH 9.0 required a model that involves a stable intermediate in addition to the native and unfolded forms. At 20 degrees C the folded conformation is more stable than the unfolded conformation by (14. 7+/-1.2) kJ/mol at pH 7.0 and by (25.5+/-1.8) kJ/mol at pH 9.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Via Mezzocannone 16, Universit à di Napoli 'Federico II', 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Michielutti F, Bertini M, Presciuttini B, Andreotti G. [Clinical assessment of a new oral bacterial treatment for children with acute diarrhea]. Minerva Med 1996; 87:545-50. [PMID: 9045106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a new oral bacteriotherapeutic drug in 63 children under 4 years old affected by infective diarrhoea or by extraintestinal infective pathology caused by oral antibiotic therapy. The patients were divided into three groups: the first and the second included subjects affected by acute diarrhoea enrolled in a comparative and controlled study; the third included subjects in chemotherapeutic treatment because suffering from infective extraintestinal pathologies, these patients were enrolled in a not controlled study. The first group underwent the rehydratant treatment for the acute enteritis together with the therapy with inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus LB to value its antidiarrheic activity. To the second group (control group) was administered a no bacteriotherapeutic drug, while to the third group was administered the antibiotic therapy for extra-intestinal pathologies together with inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus to avoid possible phenomena due to intestinal dysmicrobism. For all the patients included in the study, were reported; the number, the characteristics, the consistency of the motions and the description of the symptomatology during the treatment and daily. The greater part of the patients affected by the intestinal infective pathology subdued bacteriologic tests by coproculture. The obtained results showed a statistically significant clinical improvement of the first group patients compared with those of the second group, while those of the third group showed that the drug activity prevents the intestinal dysmicrobism affections due to the antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Michielutti
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi, Verona
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Andreotti G. [Human life and United States' politics]. Servir 1996; 44:104-5. [PMID: 8716819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Andreotti G, Cubellis MV, Nitti G, Sannia G, Mai X, Adams MW, Marino G. An extremely thermostable aromatic aminotransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1247:90-6. [PMID: 7873596 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pyrococcus furiosus is a strictly anaerobic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) that grows optimally at 100 degrees C by the fermentation of peptides. Cell-free extracts were found to contain two distinct aromatic aminotransferases (ArAT, EC 2.6.1.57), one of which was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. P. furiosus ArAT is a homodimer with a subunit M(r) value of 44,000 +/- 1000. Using 2-ketoglutarate as the amino acceptor, the purified enzyme catalyzed the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PMP)-dependent transamination of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan with respective kcat values of 253, 72 and 62 (s-1 at 80 degrees C) under saturating conditions. The Km values for all three amino acids were between 1.1 and 2.1 mM and the optimum temperature for catalysis was above 95 degrees C. The melting point for the pure enzyme was also above 95 degrees C as determined by the change in ellipticity at 220 nm. Irreversible denaturation of the pure enzyme was not apparent after 6 h at 80 degrees C in the presence of PMP and 2-ketoglutarate and the time required for a 50% loss in activity at 95 degrees C was approx. 16 h. This decreased to approx. 12 h if cofactor and substrate were not added. In contrast, the apoenzyme (lacking PMP) lost most (70%) of its activity (measured after reconstitution) after 6 h at 80 degrees C, indicating that both PMP and 2-ketoglutarate stabilize the enzyme at extreme temperatures. Although few ArATs have been characterized to date, the molecular properties and substrate specificity of P. furiosus ArAT more resemble those of the ArAT from Escherichia coli than those of the analogous enzyme from rat liver. Moreover, the P. furiosus enzyme is by far the most thermostable aminotransferase of any type to be purified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Andreotti G, Tutino ML, Sannia G, Marino G, Cubellis MV. Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from Sulfolobus solfataricus as a model for studying thermostable TIM-barrel enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1208:310-5. [PMID: 7947963 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase, a thermophilic and thermostable enzyme from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, was purified and characterized. The sequence of the thermophilic enzyme was compared to the sequence of a homologous mesophilic enzyme from Escherichia coli. The secondary structure of the thermophilic enzyme was predicted taking into account the patterns of hydropathy, chain flexibility and amphipathicity and the CD spectrum. From this analysis it turned out that indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from S. solfataricus can be considered a model for studying thermostable TIM-barrel enzymes. Some peculiarities of the amino-acid sequence of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase from S. solfataricus are discussed in relation to the thermostability of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
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Andreotti G, Cubellis MV, Nitti G, Sannia G, Mai X, Marino G, Adams MW. Characterization of aromatic aminotransferases from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis. Eur J Biochem 1994; 220:543-9. [PMID: 8125113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) Thermococcus litoralis grows at temperatures up to 98 degrees C using peptides and proteins as the sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. Cell-free extracts of the organism contained two distinct types of aromatic aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.57) which were separated and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Both enzymes are homodimers with subunit masses of approximately 47 kDa and 45 kDa. Using 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor, each catalyzed the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent transamination of the three aromatic amino acids but showed virtually no activity towards aspartic acid, alanine, valine or isoleucine. From the determination of Km and kcat values using 2-oxoglutarate, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan as substrates, both enzymes were shown to be highly efficient at transaminating phenylalanine (kcat/Km approximately 400 s-1 mM-1); the 47-kDa enzyme showed more activity towards tyrosine and tryptophan compared to the 45-kDa one. Kinetic analyses indicated a two-step mechanism with a pyridoxamine intermediate. Both enzymes were virtually inactive at 30 degrees C and exhibited maximal activity between 95-100 degrees C. They showed no N-terminal sequence similarity with each other (approximately 30 residues), nor with the complete amino acid sequences of aromatic aminotransferases from Escherichia coli and rat liver. The catalytic properties of the two enzymes are distinct from bacterial aminotransferases, which have broad substrate specificities, but are analogous to two aromatic aminotransferases which play a biosynthetic role in a methanogenic archaeon. In contrast, it is proposed that one or both play a catabolic role in proteolytic T. litoralis in which they generate glutamate and an arylpyruvate. These serve as substrates for glutamate dehydrogenase and indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase in a novel pathway for the utilization of aromatic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andreotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Napoli, Italy
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Birolo L, Arnone MI, Cubellis MV, Andreotti G, Nitti G, Marino G, Sannia G. The active site of Sulfolobus solfataricus aspartate aminotransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1080:198-204. [PMID: 1954227 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90002-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate aminotransferase from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus binds pyridoxal 5' phosphate, via an aldimine bond, with Lys-241. This residue has been identified by reducing the enzyme in the pyridoxal form with sodium cyanoboro[3H]hydride and sequencing the specifically labeled peptic peptides. The amino acid sequence centered around the coenzyme binding site is highly conserved between thermophilic aspartate aminotransferases and differs from that found in mesophilic isoenzymes. An alignment of aspartate aminotransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus with mesophilic isoenzymes, attempted in spite of the low degree of similarity, was confirmed by the correspondence between pyridoxal 5' phosphate binding residues. Using this alignment it was possible to insert the archaebacterial aspartate aminotransferase into a subclass, subclass I, of pyridoxal 5' phosphate binding enzymes comprising mesophilic aspartate aminotransferases, tyrosine aminotransferases and histidinol phosphate aminotransferases. These enzymes share 12 invariant amino acids most of which interact with the coenzyme or with the substrates. Some enzymes of subclass I and in particular aspartate aminotransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus, lack a positively charged residue, corresponding to Arg-292, which in pig cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase interacts with the distal carboxylate of the substrates (and determines the specificity towards dicarboxylic acids). It was confirmed that aspartate aminotransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus does not possess any arginine residue exposed to chemical modifications responsible for the binding of omega-carboxylate of the substrates. Furthermore, it has been found that aspartate aminotransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus is fairly active when alanine is used as substrate and that this activity is not affected by the presence of formate. The KM value of the thermophilic aspartate aminotransferase towards alanine is at least one order of magnitude lower than that of the mesophilic analogue enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Birolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Zoppi G, Andreotti G, Pajno-Ferrara F, Bellini P, Gaburro D. The development of specific responses of the exocrine pancreas to pancreozymin and secretin stimulation in newborn infants. Pediatr Res 1973; 7:198-203. [PMID: 4700918 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-197304000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zoppi G, Andreotti G, Pajno-Ferrara E, Gaburro D. Pancreozymin-secretin test in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand 1971; 60:370. [PMID: 5579876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Andreotti G. [Anabolic effect of dimethazine in pediatrics]. Clin Pediatr (Bologna) 1968; 50:721-9. [PMID: 5743025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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