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Boscutti A, Pigoni A, Delvecchio G, Lazzaretti M, Mandolini GM, Girardi P, Ferro A, Sala M, Abbiati V, Cappucciati M, Bellani M, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Balestrieri M, Damante G, Bonivento C, Rossi R, Finos L, Serretti A, Brambilla P. The Influence of 5-HTTLPR, BDNF Rs6265 and COMT Rs4680 Polymorphisms on Impulsivity in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Gender. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030482. [PMID: 35328036 PMCID: PMC8954186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity has been proposed as an endophenotype for bipolar disorder (BD); moreover, impulsivity levels have been shown to carry prognostic significance and to be quality-of-life predictors. To date, reports about the genetic determinants of impulsivity in mood disorders are limited, with no studies on BD individuals. Individuals with BD and healthy controls (HC) were recruited in the context of an observational, multisite study (GECOBIP). Subjects were genotyped for three candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (5-HTTLPR, COMT rs4680, BDNF rs6265); impulsivity was measured through the Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). A mixed-effects regression model was built, with BIS scores as dependent variables, genotypes of the three polymorphisms as fixed effects, and centers of enrollment as random effect. Compared to HC, scores for all BIS factors were higher among subjects with euthymic BD (adjusted β for Total BIS score: 5.35, p < 0.001). No significant interaction effect was evident between disease status (HC vs. BD) and SNP status for any polymorphism. Considering the whole sample, BDNF Met/Met homozygosis was associated with lower BIS scores across all three factors (adjusted β for Total BIS score: −10.2, p < 0.001). A significant 5-HTTLPR x gender interaction was found for the SS genotype, associated with higher BIS scores in females only (adjusted β for Total BIS score: 12.0, p = 0.001). Finally, COMT polymorphism status was not significantly associated with BIS scores. In conclusion, BD diagnosis did not influence the effect on impulsivity scores for any of the three SNPs considered. Only one SNP—the BDNF rs6265 Met/Met homozygosis—was independently associated with lower impulsivity scores. The 5-HTTLPR SS genotype was associated with higher impulsivity scores in females only. Further studies adopting genome-wide screening in larger samples are needed to define the genetic basis of impulsivity in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Adele Ferro
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Michela Sala
- Mental Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Vera Abbiati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marco Cappucciati
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- IRCCS “E. Medea”, Polo Friuli-Venezia Giulia, San Vito al Tagliamento, 33078 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.); (M.L.); (G.M.M.); (A.F.); (M.G.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Tassi E, Boscutti A, Mandolini GM, Moltrasio C, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. A scoping review of near infrared spectroscopy studies employing a verbal fluency task in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:604-617. [PMID: 34780861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in cognitive functioning, including attention, memory, and executive functions, along with impairments in language production, are present in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) patients during mood phases, but also during euthymia.Verbal fluency tasks (VFTs), being able to evaluate integrity of a wide range of cognitive domains and represent, can be used to screen for these disturbances. Neuroimaging studies, including Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS), have repeatedly showed widespread alterations in the prefrontal and temporal cortex during the performance of VFTs in BD patients. This review aims to summarize the results of NIRS studies that evaluated hemodynamic responses associated with the VFTs in prefrontal and temporal regions in BD patients. METHODS We performed a scoping review of studies evaluating VFT-induced activation in prefrontal and temporal regions in BD patients, and the relationship between NIRS data and various clinical variables. RESULTS 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. In BD patients, compared to healthy controls, NIRS studies showed hypoactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior temporal regions. Moreover, clinical variables, such as depressive and social adaptation scores, were negatively correlated with hemodynamic responses in prefrontal and temporal regions, while a positive correlation were reported for measures of manic symptoms and impulsivity. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity of the studies in terms of methodology, study design and clinical characteristics of the samples limited the comparability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Given its non-invasiveness, good time-resolution and no need of posturalconstraint, NIRS technique could represent a useful tool for the evaluation of prefrontal and temporal haemodynamic correlates of cognitive performances in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tassi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
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Pedrini L, Ferrari C, Lanfredi M, Bellani M, Porcelli S, Caletti E, Sala M, Rossetti MG, Piccin S, Dusi N, Balestrieri M, Perlini C, Lazzaretti M, Mandolini GM, Pigoni A, Boscutti A, Bonivento C, Serretti A, Rossi R, Brambilla P. The association of childhood trauma, lifetime stressful events and general psychopathological symptoms in euthymic bipolar patients and healthy subjects. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:66-73. [PMID: 33945916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathological symptoms during euthymia in Bipolar Disorder (BD) affect quality of life and predispose to the occurrence of new acute episodes, however only few studies investigated potential risk-factors. This study aims to explore the association between childhood trauma (CT), lifetime stressful events (SLEs) and psychopathological symptoms in BD patients during euthymia and controls (HC). METHODS A total of 261 participants (93 euthymic patients with BD, 168 HC) were enrolled. Generalized linear models and multiple logistic models were used to assess the association among the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R), the Infancy Trauma Interview, the Paykel Life Events Scale. RESULTS The rate of participants reporting CT was higher in BD (n=47; 53%) than HC (n=43; 30%) (p=0.001). The experience of neglect was strongly related to BD (OR 6.5; p=0.003). CT was associated to higher scores on the SCL-90-R subscales (all the subscales except Phobia). No effects of the interaction between CT and diagnosis were found on SCL-90-R. Finally, there was a main effect of CT on lifetime SLEs (p<.001), that was not associated with diagnosis (p=0.833), nor with the interaction between CT and diagnosis (p=0.624). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design does not allow causal inferences; the exclusion of subjects reporting medical or psychiatric comorbidity limits generalizability. CONCLUSIONS CT was associated both to psychopathological symptoms during euthymia and the lifetime SLEs, thus it may represent a vulnerability factor influencing the course of BD. Overall, these data contribute to overcome the limited evidences documenting the influence of environmental factors on euthymic phase in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Sala
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, via Venezia 6, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Dusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy; MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Scientific Institute IRCCS 'Eugenio Medea', Polo FVG, Via della Bontà 7, 33078 San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 28, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Esposito CM, Mandolini GM, Delvecchio G, Fiorentini A, Brambilla P. Psychomotor Agitation Non-responsive to Treatment: A Case Report of Phenibut Withdrawal Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688147. [PMID: 34262493 PMCID: PMC8273510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid), acting as a GABA-B receptor agonist, has a beneficial effect on anxiety. Although its medical use is not approved in western countries, it can be easily obtained worldwide via the Internet, so it spread as a substance of abuse. In recent years, some case reports have, therefore, highlighted episodes of acute toxicity or withdrawal, but it is still a largely unknown phenomenon. Methods: In this case report, a 50-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with psychomotor agitation, psychotic symptoms, and insomnia, and was non-responsive to treatment. She was hospitalized at the psychiatry ward for 25 days and gave her consent for the publication of the present case report. Results: The suspicion of phenibut withdrawal allowed to establish the appropriate management, leading to the restitutio ad integrum of the psychopathological case. Conclusions: In the face of an incoercible psychomotor agitation case, the knowledge of the so-called novel psychoactive substances allows for more appropriate clinical management of intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. This is a scientifically significant report as it provides therapeutic and outcome data concerning a syndrome that is still quite unfamiliar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Maria Esposito
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Fiorentini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Delvecchio G, Oldani L, Mandolini GM, Pigoni A, Ciappolino V, Schiena G, Lazzaretti M, Caletti E, Barbieri V, Cinnante C, Triulzi F, Brambilla P. Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32894263 DOI: 10.3791/60881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the illicit drug most commonly used worldwide, and its consumption can both induce psychiatric symptoms in otherwise healthy subjects and unmask a florid psychotic picture in patients with a prior psychotic risk. Previous studies suggest that chronic and long-term cannabis exposure may exert significant negative effects in brain areas enriched with cannabinoid receptors. However, whether brain alterations determined by cannabis dependency will lead to a clinically significant phenotype or to a psychotic outbreak at some point of an abuser's life remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate morphological brain differences between chronic cannabis users with cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP) and non-psychotic cannabis users (NPCU) without any psychiatric conditions and correlate brain deficits with selective socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables. 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 10 CIP patients and 12 NPCU were acquired. The type of drug, the frequency, and the duration, as well socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial parameters of dependency were measured. CIP patients had extensive grey matter (GM) decreases in right superior frontal gyrus, right precentral, right superior temporal gyrus, insula bilaterally, right precuneus, right medial occipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and left hippocampus in comparison to chronic cannabis users without psychosis. Finally, in CIP patients, the results showed a negative correlation between a domain of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), BPRS-Activity, and selective GM volumes. Overall, the results suggest that cannabis-induced psychosis is characterized by selective brain reductions that are not present in NPCU. Therefore, neuroimaging studies may provide a potential ground for identifying putative biomarkers associated with the risk of developing psychosis in cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Oldani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | | | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Giandomenico Schiena
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Viviana Barbieri
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan
| | - Claudia Cinnante
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico;
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Serati M, Delvecchio G, Orsenigo G, Mandolini GM, Lazzaretti M, Scola E, Triulzi F, Brambilla P. Corrigendum to “The Role of the Subplate in Schizophrenia and Autism: A Systematic Review” [Neuroscience 408C (2019) 58–67]. Neuroscience 2020; 426:87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pigoni A, Mandolini GM, Delvecchio G, Bressi C, Soares JC, Brambilla P. A focus on valproate and cognitive deficits in Bipolar Disorders: A mini-review: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders" Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:277-281. [PMID: 31421858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits represent a core feature of Bipolar Disorder (BD), which seem to characterize this disorder regardless of the mood phase. However, the role of pharmacological treatment in determining cognitive alterations is still not clear. Indeed, although drugs improve cognition by targeting mood symptoms, they could also carry their own cognitive side effects. This is true especially for mood stabilizers as they are the most commonly prescribed drugs in patients affected by BD and they are usually administered also during euthymic phases. METHODS In this context, the present review aimed at summarizing the results of the studies evaluating the impact of valproate on cognitive functions in patients suffering from BD, as primary or secondary results. The inclusion criteria were met by ten studies. Specifically, we included one double-blind quasi-randomized study and nine cross-sectional or naturalistic studies, which a) used healthy subjects as control group (N = 1), b) compared valproate treated patients with healthy individuals and other treatments (N = 5), and c) compared valproate treated patients just with other treatments, with a specific focus on lithium (N = 3). RESULTS Overall the results suggested a negative effect of valproate on cognitive functions in chronically-treated patients affected by BD. Notably, it has been found that the working memory was the most affected cognitive domain. LIMITATIONS Few studies directly explored the effect of valproate on cognition in BD. CONCLUSIONS These findings seem to suggest that valproate might have a negative effect on cognitive functions, especially on working memory domain. However, the results should be taken cautiously since the limited number of available studies published so far. In conclusion, these evidences seem to point out that the possible cognitive side effects of pharmacological treatments should be carefully taken into account, especially in chronic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Bressi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Balestri M, Porcelli S, Souery D, Kasper S, Dikeos D, Ferentinos P, Papadimitriou GN, Rujescu D, Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Janiri L, Caletti E, Mandolini GM, Pigoni A, Paoli RA, Lazzaretti M, Brambilla P, Sala M, Abbiati V, Bellani M, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Piccin S, Bonivento C, Fabbro D, Damante G, Ferrari C, Rossi R, Pedrini L, Benedetti F, Montgomery S, Zohar J, Mendlewicz J, Serretti A. Temperament and character influence on depression treatment outcome. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:464-474. [PMID: 31005789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND personality features have been repeatedly associated with depression treatment outcome in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), however conclusive results are still lacking. Moreover, as for Bipolar Disorder (BD), results are only few and preliminary. AIM the aim of the present study was to perform an exploratory investigation of the influence of personality traits as assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), on principal depression treatment outcomes (non remission, non response and resistance). METHODS 743 mood disorders patients (455 MDD (61.24%) and 288 BD (38.76%)) were recruited in the context of 6 European studies. Generalized logit models were performed to test the effects of TCI dimensions on treatment outcomes, considering possible confounders such as age, gender and education. Positive results were controlled for comorbidities (anxiety and substance use disorders) as well. RESULTS MDD Non-Remitters showed high Harm Avoidance (HA) and Self Transcendence (ST) (p = 0.0004, d = 0.40; p = 0.007, d = 0.36 respectively) and low Persistence (P) and Self Directedness (SD) (p = 0.05; d = 0.18; p = 0.002, d = 0.40, respectively); MDD Non-Responders showed a slightly different profile with high HA and low Reward Dependence (RD) and SD; finally, MDD Resistants showed low RD, P and Cooperativeness (C). In BD patients, only higher HA in non response was observed. LIMITATIONS the retrospective cross-sectional design, the TCI assessment regardless of the mood state and the small number of bipolar patients represent the main limitations. CONCLUSION specific TCI personality traits are associated with depression treatment outcome in MDD patients. The inclusion of such personality traits, together with other socio-demographic and clinical predictors, could ameliorate the accuracy of the prediction models available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Balestri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Souery
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Centre Européen de Psychologie Médicale-PsyPluriel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dan Rujescu
- University Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Scienze Cliniche, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Augusto Paoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sala
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vera Abbiati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Dora Fabbro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Zohar
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Delvecchio G, Mandolini GM, Arighi A, Prunas C, Mauri CM, Pietroboni AM, Marotta G, Cinnante CM, Triulzi FM, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Altamura AC, Brambilla P. Structural and metabolic cerebral alterations between elderly bipolar disorder and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: A combined MRI-PET study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:413-423. [PMID: 30545239 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418815976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly bipolar disorder (BD) and behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) may exhibit similar symptoms and both disorders are characterized by selective abnormalities in cortical and subcortical regions that are associated with cognitive and emotional impairments. We aimed to investigate common and distinct neural substrates of BD and bvFTD by coupling, for the first time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques. METHODS 3-Tesla MRI and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans were acquired for 16 elderly BD patients, 23 bvFTD patients with mild cognitive impairments and 68 healthy controls (48 for PET and 20 for MRI analyses). RESULTS BD and bvFTD patients exhibit a different localization of grey matter reductions in the lateral prefrontal cortex, with the first group showing grey matter decrease in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the latter group showing grey matter reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as unique grey matter and metabolic alterations within the orbitofrontal cortex. The bvFTD group also displayed unique volumetric shrinkage in regions within the temporo-parietal network together with greater metabolic impairments within the temporal cortex and more extensive volumetric and metabolic abnormalities within the limbic lobe. Finally, while the BD group showed greater grey matter volumes in caudate nucleus, bvFTD subjects displayed lower metabolism. CONCLUSION This MRI-PET study explored, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, structural and functional abnormalities in bvFTD and elderly BD patients, with the final aim of identifying the specific biological signature of these disorders, which might have important implications not only in prevention but also in differential diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Delvecchio
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,3 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Massimo Mauri
- 2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Pietroboni
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,3 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- 2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Cinnante
- 2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Triulzi
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,3 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,3 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Carlo Altamura
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Serati M, Delvecchio G, Orsenigo G, Mandolini GM, Lazzaretti M, Scola E, Triulzi F, Brambilla P. The Role of the Subplate in Schizophrenia and Autism: A Systematic Review. Neuroscience 2019; 408:58-67. [PMID: 30930130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The subplate (SP) represents a transitory cytoarchitectural fetal compartment containing most subcortical and cortico-cortical afferents, and has a fundamental role in the structural development of the healthy adult brain. There is evidence that schizophrenia and autism may be determined by developmental defects in the cortex or cortical circuitry during the earliest stages of pregnancy. This article provides an overview on fetal SP development, considering its role in schizophrenia and autism, as supported by a systematic review of the main databases. The SP has been described as a cortical amplifier with a role in the coordination of cortical activity, and sensitive growth and migration windows have crucial consequences with respect to cognitive functioning. Although there are not enough studies to draw final conclusions, improved knowledge of the SP's role in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders may help to elucidate and possibly prevent the onset of these two severe disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Serati
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsenigo
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Scola
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Mandolini GM, Lazzaretti M, Pigoni A, Delvecchio G, Soares JC, Brambilla P. The impact of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on cognition in Bipolar Disorder: A review: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders" Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. This Section of JAD focuses on the relevance of translational and neuroscience studies in providing a better understanding of the neural basis of affective disorders. The main aim is to briefly summaries relevant research findings in clinical neuroscience with particular regards to specific innovative topics in mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:552-558. [PMID: 30078664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging lines of evidence suggest that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorder (BD), thus representing a valid biomarker of the disease. A common genetic variation in the BDNF gene, the Val66Met, is associated with reduced maturation and secretion of BDNF and therefore it has been related to specific mood, cognitive and neuroanatomical alterations in BD. However, so far, only a handful of studies have investigated the association between Val66Met polymorphism and cognitive functioning in BD. METHODS We performed a bibliographic search on PUBMED of all genetic studies investigating Val66Met modulation on cognitive performances in BD subjects. The inclusion criteria were met by nine studies, including a total amount of 897 BD subjects and 803 healthy controls. RESULTS From the analysis of the existing literature emerged that a) Val allele in BD adults, but not in BD adolescents, was associated with better performances in selective cognitive domains including executive functions, verbal learning and memory; b) Met allele may negatively modulate the association between childhood trauma and performances in memory, verbal ability and verbal fluency tasks; c) Met allele may also negatively regulate structural abnormalities in cognitive cerebral structures; d) Val/Met carriers showed greater improvements in cognitive functions compared to Val/Val and Met/Met carriers. LIMITATIONS Few genetic studies exploring the impact of Val66Met on cognition in BD. CONCLUSIONS Val66Met polymorphism likely modulates cognitive functions in BD patients with complex gene-environment interactions and through potential modulations of cerebral structures. Further and larger genetic studies are required in order to detect association between BDNF polymorphism, BDNF levels, brain abnormalities and cognition in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy.
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12
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Mario Mandolini G. Structural and metabolic cerebral alterations between elderly bipolar disorder and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a pilot MRI-PET study.. [DOI: 10.26226/morressier.5b68175cb56e9b005965c187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Porcelli S, Marsano A, Caletti E, Sala M, Abbiati V, Bellani M, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Mandolini GM, Pigoni A, Paoli RA, Piccin S, Lazzaretti M, Fabbro D, Damante G, Bonivento C, Ferrari C, Rossi R, Pedrini L, Serretti A, Brambilla P. Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:209-221. [PMID: 30041166 DOI: 10.1159/000490955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with temperamental and personality traits, although the relationship is still to be fully elucidated. Several studies investigated the genetic basis of temperament and character, identifying catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants as strong candidates. METHODS In the GECO-BIP study, 125 BD patients and 173 HC were recruited. Subjects underwent to a detailed assessment and the temperament and character inventory 125 items (TCI) was administrated. Three functional genetic variants within key candidate genes (COMT rs4680, BDNF rs6265, and the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR)) were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared to HC, BD patients showed higher scores in novelty seeking (NS; p = 0.001), harm avoidance (HA; p < 0.001), and self transcendence (St; p < 0.001), and lower scores in self directness (p < 0.001) and cooperativeness (p < 0.001) TCI dimensions. Concerning the genetic analyses, COMT rs4680 was associated with NS in the total sample (p = 0.007) and in the male subsample (p = 0.022). When performing the analysis in the HC and BD samples, the association was confirmed only in HC (p = 0.012), and in the HC male subgroup in particular (p = 0.004). BDNF rs6265 was associated with St in the BD group (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION COMT rs4680 may modulate NS in males in the general population. This effect was not detected in BD patients, probably because BD alters the neurobiological basis of some TCI dimensions. BDNF rs6265 seems to modulate St TCI dimension only in BD patients, possibly modulating the previously reported association between rs6265 and BD treatment response. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Marsano
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sala
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vera Abbiati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Augusto Paoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea," Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dora Fabbro
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Delvecchio G, Mandolini GM, Perlini C, Barillari M, Marinelli V, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P. Pituitary gland shrinkage in bipolar disorder: The role of gender. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 82:95-99. [PMID: 29454165 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPAA) has been consistently reported in mood disorders. However, only few studies investigated the Pituitary gland (PG) in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and the results are so far contrasting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the integrity of the PG as well as the role of gender and the impact of clinical measurements on this structure in a sample of BD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS 34 BD patients and 41 HC underwent a 1.5 T MRI scan. PG volumes were manually traced for all subjects. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by means of the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Bech Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale. RESULTS We found decreased PG volumes in BD patients compared to HC (F = 24.9, p < 0.001). Interestingly, after dividing the sample by gender, a significant PG volume decrease was detected only in female BD patients compared to female HC (F = 9.1, p < 0.001), but not in male BD compared to male HC (F = -0.12, p = 0.074). No significant correlations were observed between PG volumes and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BD patients have decreased PG volumes, probably due to the long-term hyperactivity of the HPAA and to the consequent strengthening of the negative feedback control towards the PG volume itself. This alteration was particularly evident in females, suggesting a role of gender in affecting PG volumes in BD. Finally, the absence of significant correlations between PG volumes and clinical variables further supports that PG disruption is a trait feature of BD, being independent of symptoms severity and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- Section of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Marinelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA.
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