Uric acid is independent and inversely associated to glomerular filtration rate in young adult Brazilian individuals

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Uric acid, the end-product of human purine metabolism, is associated with hypertension, diabetes and obesity. It has also been independently associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in several populations. In this study, the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was investigated in healthy individuals belonging to two Brazilian birth cohorts.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Data from 3541 to 3482 individuals, aged 30 and 22-years old, respectively, was included. eGFR was calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on creatinine measurement. Regression analyses were sex-stratified due to interaction between SUA and sex (p < 0.001) and adjusted for perinatal, cardiometabolic and behavioral variables. We observed an inverse association between eGFR and SUA even after adjustment. In the highest tertile (3rd) of SUA, the eGFR coefficients at 30-years were-0.21 (95%CI -0.24;-0.18) for men and -0.20 (95%CI -0.23; -0.17) for women; at 22-years, were -0.09 (95%CI -0.12;-0.05) for men and -0.13 (95%CI -0.15; -0.10) for women. Higher differences among exponential means (95% CI) of eGFR between the 1st and the 3rd tertile of SUA were seen in older participants, being more pronounced in men. At 22-years, the highest difference was found in women.

CONCLUSIONS

In young healthy individuals from a low-middle income country, SUA level was inversely associated with eGFR. Gender-related differences in eGFR according tertiles of SUA were higher in men at 30-years and in women at 22-years.

Body size dissatisfaction among young adults from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

To identify the prevalence and factors associated with body dissatisfaction.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Birth cohort study investigating 4100 subjects (2187 men and 1913 women) aged between 22 and 23 years who answered questionnaires, including the body satisfaction Stunkard Scale were included in the study; they were weighed and measured. Multinomial logistic regression was used in the crude and adjusted analyses.

RESULTS

The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 64% (95% CI, 62.7-65.6); 42% (95% CI, 40.6-43.6) of the subjects reported feeling larger than the desired body size, and 22% (95% CI, 20.7-23.3) reported feeling smaller than desired. Underweight subjects, subjects with less schooling, poor and sedentary male subjects with low psychological well-being and female subjects who were already mothers were more likely to express body dissatisfaction, perceiving their body as smaller than the desirable body size. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was also high among overweight subjects, subjects with a high socioeconomic status and married female subjects, who perceived their body size as too large. Minor psychiatric disorders were associated with body dissatisfaction in all subjects, regardless of perceiving themselves as larger or smaller than the desired body size. Most women perceived themselves as larger, but similar proportions of men perceived themselves as too small or too large.

CONCLUSIONS

Body dissatisfaction was observed among men and women with normal weight, but it was more evident in the obese individuals. Regardless of the nutritional status, both men and women should be appropriately counseled because body size perception can lead to unhealthy behaviors in relation to diet and physical activity.