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Paisant A, Lemoine S, Cassinotto C, de Lédinghen V, Ronot M, Irlès-Depé M, Vilgrain V, Le Bail B, Paradis V, Canivet CM, Michalak S, Rousselet MC, Rautou PE, Lebigot J, Hunault G, Crouan A, Aubé C, Boursier J. Reliability Criteria of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: Analysis of 4277 Measurements in 788 Patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:400-408.e10. [PMID: 33340779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is an accurate method for the non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis. We aimed to determine the reliability criteria and the number of necessary reliable measurements for 2D-SWE. METHODS 788 patients with chronic liver disease underwent liver biopsy and 2D-SWE examination in three centers. The 4277 2D-SWE measurements performed were 2:1 randomly divided into derivation (n = 2851) and validation (n = 1426) sets. Reliability criteria for a 2D-SWE measurement were defined in the derivation set from the intrinsic characteristics given by the device (mean liver stiffness, standard deviation, diameter of the region of interest), with further evaluation in the validation set. RESULTS In the whole population of 4277 measurements, AUROC for bridging fibrosis was 0.825 ± 0.006 and AUROC for cirrhosis was 0.880 ± 0.006. Mean stiffness and coefficient of variation (CV) were independent predictors of bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. From these two parameters, new criteria were derived to define a reliable 2D-SWE measurement: stiffness <8.8 kPa, or stiffness between 8.8-11.9 kPa with CV <0.25, or stiffness ≥12.0 kPa with CV <0.10. In the validation set, AUROC for bridging fibrosis was 0.830 ± 0.013 in reliable measurements vs 0.667 ± 0.031 in unreliable measurements (P < .001). AUROC for cirrhosis was 0.918±0.014 vs 0.714 ± 0.027, respectively (P < .001). The best diagnostic accuracy for a 2D-SWE examination was achieved from three reliable measurements. CONCLUSIONS Reliability of a 2D-SWE measurement relies on the coefficient of variation and the liver stiffness level. A 2D-SWE examination should include three reliable measurements according to our new criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Paisant
- Département de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Sylvain Lemoine
- Département de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Cassinotto
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor de Lédinghen
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Service de Radiologie, HUPNSV, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, INSERM UMR 1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Irlès-Depé
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Service de Radiologie, HUPNSV, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, INSERM UMR 1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Le Bail
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, HUPNSV, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Clémence M Canivet
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Rousselet
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Jérôme Lebigot
- Département de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne Crouan
- Département de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Aubé
- Département de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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Canivet CM, David N, Pailhoriès H, Briand M, Guy CD, Bouchez O, Hunault G, Fizanne L, Lannes A, Oberti F, Fouchard I, Calès P, Diehl AM, Barret M, Boursier J. Cross-linkage between bacterial taxonomy and gene functions: a study of metagenome-assembled genomes of gut microbiota in adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 53:722-732. [PMID: 33482026 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has emerged as a powerful approach for combining the taxonomic and functional content of microbial populations. AIM To use this new approach to highlight mechanisms linking gut microbiota to NAFLD severity METHODS: Stool samples were collected from 96 NAFLD patients on the day of liver biopsy. Shotgun DNA sequencing of the gut microbiota was performed on an Illumina HiSeq3000 system. Contigs were binned into MAGs according to their co-abundances and tetranucleotide frequencies using Metabat v.0.32.4. Predicted protein-coding genes were clustered in orthologous groups (OGs) with DIAMOND against the EggNOG v4.5 database. Liver biopsies were read in accordance with the NASH CRN classification. RESULTS Fifty-four patients had NASH and 44 had significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2). Sequencing of DNA extracted from stools resulted in 13.8 + 3.2 million paired-end reads per sample. Of the 4,000 reconstructed MAGs, 220 in NASH patients, 192 in non-NASH patients, 203 in F ≥ 2 patients and 230 in F0-1 patients had > 70% completeness and < 5% contamination. Within these MAGs, 28 OGs were associated with NASH, 33 with significant fibrosis, and seven with both NASH and significant fibrosis. The study of MAGs showed associations between NAFLD severity and some gut bacteria with microbiota functions related to hydrogen sulfide production, citrate transport, hemicellulose degradation, aldehyde production and vitamin B12 synthesis. CONCLUSION Using new metagenomics methods, our study unveils potential mechanisms by which certain bacteria from the gut microbiota could protect or contribute to the development of NASH and liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemence M Canivet
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Norma David
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Helene Pailhoriès
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Martial Briand
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, Angers, France
| | - Cynthia D Guy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gilles Hunault
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lionel Fizanne
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Adrien Lannes
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Frederic Oberti
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Paul Calès
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthieu Barret
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, Angers, France
| | - Jerome Boursier
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Broussier T, Lannes A, Zuberbuhler F, Oberti F, Fouchard I, Hunault G, Cales P, Boursier J. Simple blood fibrosis tests reduce unnecessary referrals for specialized evaluations of liver fibrosis in NAFLD and ALD patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:349-355. [PMID: 31422033 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis evaluation is mandatory in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) to decide the patient management. Patients with these diseases are usually under the care of non-liver specialists who refer them to specialized centers where the most accurate fibrosis tests are available. We aimed to evaluate whether simple blood fibrosis tests available to all physicians help to reduce the rate of unnecessary referral of NAFLD and ALD patients without advanced fibrosis. METHODS NAFLD and/or ALD patients newly referred to our center for a non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis were retrospectively included. The FibroMeterVCTE (FMVCTE, combination of blood markers and Fibroscan results) was defined as the reference test for specialized evaluation of liver fibrosis. A FMVCTE result <0.384 indicated the absence of advanced fibrosis and thus an "unnecessary referral". RESULTS 558 patients were included (NAFLD: 283, ALD: 156, mixed NAFLD+ALD: 119). FMVCTE was <0.384 (unnecessary referral) in 58.8% of patients. FIB4 was <1.30 in 45.2% and eLIFT <8 in 47.7% of the patients. 84.9% of patients with FIB4 <1.30 and 85.3% of patients with eLIFT <8 had also FMVCTE <0.384. Therefore, using FIB4 or eLIFT as first-line evaluation of liver fibrosis decreased by three-fold the rate of unnecessary referral. The negative predictive value of FIB4 and eLIFT was >80% whatever the underlying cause of chronic liver disease. CONCLUSION The use of eLIFT by non-liver specialists for NAFLD and ALD patients can improve the relevance of referrals for specialized evaluation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broussier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Adrien Lannes
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Floraine Zuberbuhler
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Frederic Oberti
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Paul Cales
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Jerome Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Angers University, Angers, France.
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Méline V, Brin C, Lebreton G, Ledroit L, Sochard D, Hunault G, Boureau T, Belin E. A Computation Method Based on the Combination of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters to Improve the Discrimination of Visually Similar Phenotypes Induced by Bacterial Virulence Factors. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32174949 PMCID: PMC7055487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenotyping biotic stresses in plant-pathogen interactions studies is often hindered by phenotypes that can hardly be discriminated by visual assessment. Particularly, single gene mutants in virulence factors could lack visible phenotypes. Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) imaging is a valuable tool to monitor plant-pathogen interactions. However, while numerous CF parameters can be measured, studies on plant-pathogen interactions often focus on a restricted number of parameters. It could result in limited abilities to discriminate visually similar phenotypes. In this study, we assess the ability of the combination of multiple CF parameters to improve the discrimination of such phenotypes. Such an approach could be of interest for screening and discriminating the impact of bacterial virulence factors without prior knowledge. A computation method was developed, based on the combination of multiple CF parameters, without any parameter selection. It involves histogram Bhattacharyya distance calculations and hierarchical clustering, with a normalization approach to take into account the inter-leaves and intra-phenotypes heterogeneities. To assess the efficiency of the method, two datasets were analyzed the same way. The first dataset featured single gene mutants of a Xanthomonas strain which differed only by their abilities to secrete bacterial virulence proteins. This dataset displayed expected phenotypes at 6 days post-inoculation and was used as ground truth dataset to setup the method. The efficiency of the computation method was demonstrated by the relevant discrimination of phenotypes at 3 days post-inoculation. A second dataset was composed of transient expression (agrotransformation) of Type 3 Effectors. This second dataset displayed phenotypes that cannot be discriminated by visual assessment and no prior knowledge can be made on the respective impact of each Type 3 Effectors on leaf tissues. Using the computation method resulted in clustering the leaf samples according to the Type 3 Effectors, thereby demonstrating an improvement of the discrimination of the visually similar phenotypes. The relevant discrimination of visually similar phenotypes induced by bacterial strains differing only by one virulence factor illustrated the importance of using a combination of CF parameters to monitor plant-pathogen interactions. It opens a perspective for the identification of specific signatures of biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérian Méline
- Emersys, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- ImHorPhen, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Chrystelle Brin
- Emersys, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Lebreton
- Phenotic Platform, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lydie Ledroit
- Phenotic Platform, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Sochard
- Phenotic Platform, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- ImHorPhen, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Tristan Boureau
- Emersys, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- ImHorPhen, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Phenotic Platform, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Etienne Belin
- ImHorPhen, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Phenotic Platform, SFR 4207 QUASAV, IRHS, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Glavatskikh M, Leguy J, Hunault G, Cauchy T, Da Mota B. Dataset's chemical diversity limits the generalizability of machine learning predictions. J Cheminform 2019; 11:69. [PMID: 33430991 PMCID: PMC6852905 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-019-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The QM9 dataset has become the golden standard for Machine Learning (ML) predictions of various chemical properties. QM9 is based on the GDB, which is a combinatorial exploration of the chemical space. ML molecular predictions have been recently published with an accuracy on par with Density Functional Theory calculations. Such ML models need to be tested and generalized on real data. PC9, a new QM9 equivalent dataset (only H, C, N, O and F and up to 9 “heavy” atoms) of the PubChemQC project is presented in this article. A statistical study of bonding distances and chemical functions shows that this new dataset encompasses more chemical diversity. Kernel Ridge Regression, Elastic Net and the Neural Network model provided by SchNet have been used on both datasets. The overall accuracy in energy prediction is higher for the QM9 subset. However, a model trained on PC9 shows a stronger ability to predict energies of the other dataset. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Glavatskikh
- LERIA, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France.,Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, SFR MATRIX, UNIV Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Jules Leguy
- LERIA, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- LERIA, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France.,HIFIH, EA 3859, Institut de Biologie en Santé PBH-IRIS, CHU, University of Angers, 4, Rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, SFR MATRIX, UNIV Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France.
| | - Benoit Da Mota
- LERIA, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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Boursier J, Guillaume M, Leroy V, Irlès M, Roux M, Lannes A, Foucher J, Zuberbuhler F, Delabaudière C, Barthelon J, Michalak S, Hiriart JB, Peron JM, Gerster T, Le Bail B, Riou J, Hunault G, Merrouche W, Oberti F, Pelade L, Fouchard I, Bureau C, Calès P, de Ledinghen V. New sequential combinations of non-invasive fibrosis tests provide an accurate diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. J Hepatol 2019; 71:389-396. [PMID: 31102719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Advanced liver fibrosis is an important diagnostic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as it defines the subgroup of patients with impaired prognosis. The non-invasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis is currently limited by the suboptimal positive predictive value and the grey zone (representing indeterminate diagnosis) of fibrosis tests. Here, we aimed to determine the best combination of non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. METHODS A total of 938 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were randomized 2:1 into derivation and validation sets. All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement with vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and blood fibrosis tests (NAFLD fibrosis score, Fibrosis-4 [FIB4], Fibrotest, Hepascore, FibroMeter). FibroMeterVCTE, which combines VCTE results and FibroMeter markers in a single test, was also calculated in all patients. RESULTS For the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis, VCTE was significantly more accurate than the blood tests (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]: 0.840 ± 0.013, p ≤0.005). FibroMeter was the most accurate blood test (AUROC: 0.793 ± 0.015, p ≤0.017). The combinatory test FibroMeterVCTE outperformed VCTE and blood tests (AUROC: 0.866 ± 0.012, p ≤0.005). The sequential combination of FIB4 then FibroMeterVCTE (FIB4-FMVCTE algorithm) or VCTE then FibroMeterVCTE (VCTE-FMVCTE algorithm) provided an excellent diagnostic accuracy of 90% for advanced fibrosis, with liver biopsy only required to confirm the diagnosis in 20% of cases. The FIB4-FMVCTE and VCTE-FMVCTE algorithms were significantly more accurate than the pragmatic algorithms currently proposed. CONCLUSION The sequential combination of fibrosis tests in the FIB4-FMVCTE and VCTE-FMVCTE algorithms provides a highly accurate solution for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. These algorithms should now be validated for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in diabetology or primary care settings. LAY SUMMARY The evaluation of liver fibrosis is mandatory in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as advanced fibrosis identifies the subgroup of patients with impaired prognosis. FibroMeterVCTE is a new fibrosis test combining blood markers and the result of vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) into a single diagnostic test. Our results show that FibroMeterVCTE outperforms other blood fibrosis tests and VCTE alone for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in a large multi-centric cohort of 938 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Sequential algorithms using a simple blood test or VCTE as a first-line procedure, then FibroMeterVCTE as a second-line test accurately classified 90% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Boursier
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut CARDIOMET, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire IMPACT, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Irlès
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Marine Roux
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Adrien Lannes
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Juliette Foucher
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Floraine Zuberbuhler
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cyrielle Delabaudière
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Barthelon
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Département de Pathologie Tissulaire et Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Hiriart
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Marie Peron
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut CARDIOMET, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire IMPACT, Toulouse, France
| | - Theophile Gerster
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Brigitte Le Bail
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Jeremie Riou
- MINT UMR INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers University, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Wassil Merrouche
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Frederic Oberti
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurence Pelade
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Bureau
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut CARDIOMET, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire IMPACT, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Calès
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Victor de Ledinghen
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; INSERM U1053, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Boursier J, Cassinotto C, Hunault G, Shili S, Lebigot J, Lapuyade B, Lannes A, Hiriart JB, Cartier V, Le Bail B, Michalak S, Mouries A, Oberti F, Chermak F, Fouchard-Hubert I, Cales P, Aube C, de Ledinghen V. Criteria to Determine Reliability of Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis With Virtual Touch Quantification. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:164-171.e5. [PMID: 29753082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Virtual Touch Quantification (VTQ) evaluates liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases by measuring shear wave speed in the liver. We aimed to determine the reliability criteria of VTQ examination. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 1094 patients with chronic liver disease from November 2009 through October 2016 at Angers University Hospital, and between April 2010 and May 2015 at Bordeaux University Hospital, in France. All patients underwent liver biopsy analysis (reference standard), and VTQ examination was made by experienced operators on the same day, or no more than 3 months before or afterward. Advanced liver fibrosis was defined as fibrosis stage F ≥ 3 according to the scoring system of the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network, or fibrosis stage F ≥ 2 according to the Metavir scoring system. The diagnostic accuracy of VTQ in detection of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and the rate of correctly classified patients. Reliability criteria were defined from the intrinsic characteristics of VTQ examination, which were shown to influence the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS VTQ identified patients with advanced fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.773 ± 0.014 and correctly classified 72.0% of patients using a diagnostic cut-off value of 1.37 m/s. VTQ identified patients with cirrhosis with an AUROC value of 0.839 ± 0.014 and correctly classified 78.4% of patients using a cut-off value of 1.87 m/s. The reliability of VTQ decreased with an increasing ratio of interquartile range/median (IQR/M) in patients with intermediate-high VTQ results. We defined 3 reliability categories for VTQ: unreliable (IQR/M ≥0.35 with VTQ result ≥1.37 m/s), reliable (IQR/M ≥0.35 with VTQ result <1.37 m/s or IQR/M 0.15-0.34), and very reliable (IQR/M <0.15). For advanced fibrosis, VTQ correctly classified 57.8% of patients in the unreliable group, 73.7% of patients in the reliable group, and 80.9% of patients in the very reliable group (P < .001); for cirrhosis, these values were 50.0%, 83.4%, and 92.6%, respectively (P < .001). Of the VTQ examinations made, 21.4% were unreliable, 55.0% were reliable, and 23.6% were very reliable. The skin-liver capsule distance was independently associated with an unreliable VTQ examination, which occurred in 52.7% of patients with a distance of 30 mm or more. CONCLUSIONS In a study to determine the reliability of VTQ findings, compared with results from biopsy analysis, we assigned VTQ examinations to 3 categories (unreliable, reliable, and very reliable). VTQ examinations with IQR/M ≥0.35 and ≥1.37 m/s had very low diagnostic accuracy. Our reliability criteria for liver fibrosis assessment with VTQ will help physicians to accurately evaluate the severity of chronic liver diseases and monitor their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Boursier
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France.
| | - Christophe Cassinotto
- Radiology Department, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France
| | - Sarah Shili
- Hepatology Unit, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Jerome Lebigot
- Radiology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Bruno Lapuyade
- Radiology Department, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Adrien Lannes
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Hiriart
- Hepatology Unit, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Victoire Cartier
- Radiology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Brigitte Le Bail
- Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- Pathology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Amaury Mouries
- Radiology Department, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Frederic Oberti
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France
| | - Faiza Chermak
- Hepatology Unit, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard-Hubert
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France
| | - Paul Cales
- Hepatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Aube
- Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, Bretagne Loire University, Angers, France; Radiology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Victor de Ledinghen
- Hepatology Unit, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France; INSERM U1053, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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Cambou A, Shaw RK, Huot H, Vidal-Beaudet L, Hunault G, Cannavo P, Nold F, Schwartz C. Estimation of soil organic carbon stocks of two cities, New York City and Paris. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:452-464. [PMID: 29981995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In cities, the strong heterogeneity of soils, added to the lack of standardized assessment methods, serves as a barrier to the estimation of their soil organic carbon content (SOC), soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS; kgC m-2) and soil organic carbon citywide totals (SOCCT; kgC). Are urban soils, even the subsoils and sealed soils, contributing to the global stock of C? To address this question, the SOCS and SOCCT of two cities, New York City (NYC) and Paris, were compared. In NYC, soil samples were collected with a pedological standardized method to 1 m depth. The bulk density (Db) was measured; SOC and SOCS were calculated for 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm depths in open (unsealed) soils and sealed soils. In Paris, the samples were collected for 0-30 cm depth in open soils and sealed soils by different sampling methods. If SOC was measured, Db had to be estimated using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) refitted from the literature on NYC data; hence, SOCS was estimated. Globally, SOCS for open soils were not significantly different between both cities (11.3 ± 11.5 kgC m-2 in NYC; 9.9 ± 3.9 kgC m-2 in Paris). Nevertheless, SOCS was lower in sealed soils (2.9 ± 2.6 kgC m-2 in NYC and 3.4 ± 1.2 kgC m-2 in Paris). The SOCCT was similar between both cities for 0-30 cm (3.8 TgC in NYC and 3.5 TgC in Paris) and was also significant for the 30-100 cm layer in NYC (5.8 TgC). A comparison with estimated SOCCT in agricultural and forest soils demonstrated that the city's open soils represent important pools of organic carbon (respectively 110.4% and 44.5% more C in NYC and Paris than in agricultural soils, for 0-30 cm depth). That was mainly observable for the 1 m depth (146.6% more C in NYC than in agricultural soils). The methodology to assess urban SOCS was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Cambou
- EPHor, IRSTV, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 49045 Angers, France; Université de Lorraine, Inra, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France; Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Richard K Shaw
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Hermine Huot
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | | | - Gilles Hunault
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, SFR 4208, Université d'Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé PBH-IRIS CHU, 4, Rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex, France
| | | | - François Nold
- Laboratory of Agronomy of the Paris City, Paris Green Space and Environmental Division (DEVE), Parc Floral - Pavillon 5 - Rond-Point de la Pyramide, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Boursier J, Anty R, Vonghia L, Moal V, Vanwolleghem T, Canivet CM, Michalak S, Bonnafous S, Michielsen P, Oberti F, Iannelli A, Van Gaal L, Patouraux S, Blanchet O, Verrijken A, Gual P, Rousselet MC, Driessen A, Hunault G, Bertrais S, Tran A, Calès P, Francque S. Screening for therapeutic trials and treatment indication in clinical practice: MACK-3, a new blood test for the diagnosis of fibrotic NASH. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:1387-1396. [PMID: 29577364 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composite histological endpoint comprising nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD activity score ≥4 and advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 2) ("fibrotic NASH") is becoming an important diagnostic target in NAFLD: it is currently used to select patients for inclusion in phase III therapeutic trials and will ultimately be used to indicate treatment in clinical practice once the new drugs are approved. AIM To develop a new blood test specifically dedicated for this new diagnostic target of interest. METHODS Eight Hundred and forty-six biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from three centres (Angers, Nice, Antwerp) were randomised into derivation and validation sets. RESULTS The blood fibrosis tests BARD, NFS and FIB4 had poor accuracy for fibrotic NASH with respective AUROC: 0.566 ± 0.023, 0.654 ± 0.023, 0.732 ± 0.021. In the derivation set, fibrotic NASH was independently predicted by AST, HOMA and CK18; all three were combined in the new blood test MACK-3 (hoMa, Ast, CK18) for which 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity cut-offs were calculated. In the validation set, MACK-3 had a significantly higher AUROC (0.847 ± 0.030, P ≤ 0.002) than blood fibrosis tests. Using liver biopsy in the grey zone between the two cut-offs (36.0% of the patients), MACK-3 provided excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of fibrotic NASH with 93.3% well-classified patients, sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 94.2%, positive predictive value: 81.8% and negative predictive value: 97.0%. CONCLUSION The new blood test MACK-3 accurately diagnoses fibrotic NASH. This new test will facilitate patient screening and inclusion in NAFLD therapeutic trials and will enable the identification of patients who will benefit from the treatments once approved.
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Calès P, Boursier J, Oberti F, Moal V, Fouchard Hubert I, Bertrais S, Hunault G, Rousselet MC. A single blood test adjusted for different liver fibrosis targets improves fibrosis staging and especially cirrhosis diagnosis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:455-466. [PMID: 29619423 PMCID: PMC5880198 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis blood tests are usually developed using significant fibrosis, which is a unique diagnostic target; however, these tests are employed for other diagnostic targets, such as cirrhosis. We aimed to improve fibrosis staging accuracy by simultaneously targeting biomarkers for several diagnostic targets. A total of 3,809 patients were included, comprising 1,012 individuals with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) into a derivation population and 2,797 individuals into validation populations of different etiologies (CHC, chronic hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus/CHC, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol) using Metavir fibrosis stages as reference. FibroMeter biomarkers were targeted for different fibrosis‐stage combinations into classical scores by logistic regression. Independent scores were combined into a single score reflecting Metavir stages by linear regression and called Multi‐FibroMeter Version Second Generation (V2G). The primary objective was to combine the advantages of a test targeted for significant fibrosis (FibroMeterV2G) with those of a test targeted for cirrhosis (CirrhoMeterV2G). In the derivation CHC population, we first compared Multi‐FibroMeterV2G to FibroMeterV2G and observed significant increases in the cirrhosis area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Obuchowski index (reflecting all fibrosis‐stage AUROCs), and classification metric (six classes expressed as a correctly classified percentage) and a nonsignificant increase in significant fibrosis AUROC. Thereafter, we compared it to CirroMeterV2G and observed a nonsignificant increase in the cirrhosis AUROC. In all 3,809 patients, respective accuracies for Multi‐FibroMeterV2G and FibroMeterV2G were the following: cirrhosis AUROC, 0.906 versus 0.878 (P < 0.001; versus CirroMeterV2G, 0.897, P = 0.014); Obuchowski index, 0.795 versus 0.791 (P = 0.059); classification, 86.0% versus 82.1% (P < 0.001); significant fibrosis AUROC, 0.833 versus 0.832 (P = 0.366). Multi‐FibroMeterV2G had the highest correlation with the area of portoseptal fibrosis and the highest reproducibility over time. Correct classification rates of Multi‐FibroMeter with hyaluronate (V2G, 86.0%) or without (V3G, 86.1%) did not differ (P = 0.938). Conclusion: Multitargeting biomarkers significantly improves fibrosis staging and especially cirrhosis diagnosis compared to classical single‐targeted blood tests. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:455‐466)
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department University Hospital Angers France.,HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department University Hospital Angers France.,HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department University Hospital Angers France.,HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Valérie Moal
- HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics University Hospital Angers France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard Hubert
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department University Hospital Angers France.,HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Sandrine Bertrais
- HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France
| | - Marie Christine Rousselet
- HIFIH Laboratory Angers University, Bretagne Loire University Angers France.,Pathology Department University Hospital Angers France
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Humeau-Heurtier A, Mahé G, Hunault G, Gascoin L, Abraham P. Multiscale Poincaré plot analysis of time series from laser speckle contrast imaging data. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSP) is a wide proteins family. SHSP are found in all kingdoms and they play critical roles in plant stress tolerance mechanisms (as well as in pathogenic microorganisms and are implicated in human diseases). RESULTS sHSPdb (small Heat Shock Proteins database) is an integrated resource containing non-redundant, full-length and curated sequences of sHSP, classified on the basis of amino acids motifs and physico-chemical properties. sHSPdb gathers data about sHSP defined by various databases (Uniprot, PFAM, CDD, InterPro). It provides a browser interface for retrieving information from the whole database and a search interface using various criteria for retrieving a refined subset of entries. Physicochemical properties, amino acid composition and combinations are calculated for each entry. sHSPdb provides automatic statistical analysis of all sHSP properties. Among various possibilities, sHSPdb allows BLAST searches, alignment of selected sequences and submission of sequences. CONCLUSIONS sHSPdb is a new database containing information about sHSP from all kingdoms. sHSPdb provides a classification of sHSP, as well as tools and data for the analysis of the structure - function relationships of sHSP. Data are mainly related to various physico-chemical properties of the amino acids sequences of sHSP. sHSPdb is accessible at http://forge.info.univ-angers.fr/~gh/Shspdb/index.php .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jaspard
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France.
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, Beaucouzé, France.
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, Angers, France.
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Université d'Angers, Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, F-49045, Angers, France
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Hunault G, Beaujard F, Lück HB, Lück J. Infogenese en biologie vegetale. Acta Biotheor 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rezki S, Campion C, Iacomi-Vasilescu B, Preveaux A, Toualbia Y, Bonneau S, Briand M, Laurent E, Hunault G, Simoneau P, Jacques MA, Barret M. Differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1923. [PMID: 27077013 PMCID: PMC4830237 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds are involved in the vertical transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to another and consequently act as reservoirs for the plant microbiota. However, little is known about the structure of seed-associated microbial assemblages and the regulators of assemblage structure. In this work, we have assessed the response of seed-associated microbial assemblages of Raphanus sativus to invading phytopathogenic agents, the bacterial strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004 and the fungal strain Alternaria brassicicola Abra43. According to the indicators of bacterial (16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequences) and fungal (ITS1) diversity employed in this study, seed transmission of the bacterial strain Xcc 8004 did not change the overall composition of resident microbial assemblages. In contrast seed transmission of Abra43 strongly modified the richness and structure of fungal assemblages without affecting bacterial assemblages. The sensitivity of seed-associated fungal assemblage to Abra43 is mostly related to changes in relative abundance of closely related fungal species that belong to the Alternaria genus. Variation in stability of the seed microbiota in response to Xcc and Abra43 invasions could be explained by differences in seed transmission pathways employed by these micro-organisms, which ultimately results in divergence in spatio-temporal colonization of the seed habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rezki
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers , Beaucouzé , France
| | | | - Anne Preveaux
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Youness Toualbia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Sophie Bonneau
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Martial Briand
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Emmanuelle Laurent
- Federation Nationale des Agriculteurs Multiplicateurs de Semences , Brain sur l'Authion , France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale Hépatique, Université d'Angers , Angers , France
| | - Philippe Simoneau
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
| | - Matthieu Barret
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Beaucouzé , France
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Boursier J, Mueller O, Barret M, Machado M, Fizanne L, Araujo-Perez F, Guy CD, Seed PC, Rawls JF, David LA, Hunault G, Oberti F, Calès P, Diehl AM. The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology 2016; 63:764-75. [PMID: 4975935 PMCID: PMC4975935 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several animal studies have emphasized the role of gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, data about gut dysbiosis in human NAFLD remain scarce in the literature, especially studies including the whole spectrum of NAFLD lesions. We aimed to evaluate the association between gut dysbiosis and severe NAFLD lesions, that is, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, in a well-characterized population of adult NAFLD. Fifty-seven patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of stool samples. Thirty patients had F0/F1 fibrosis stage at liver biopsy (10 with NASH), and 27 patients had significant F≥2 fibrosis (25 with NASH). Bacteroides abundance was significantly increased in NASH and F≥2 patients, whereas Prevotella abundance was decreased. Ruminococcus abundance was significantly higher in F≥2 patients. By multivariate analysis, Bacteroides abundance was independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with F≥2 fibrosis. Stratification according to the abundance of these two bacteria generated three patient subgroups with increasing severity of NAFLD lesions. Based on imputed metagenomic profiles, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways significantly related to NASH and fibrosis F≥2 were mostly related to carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION NAFLD severity associates with gut dysbiosis and a shift in metabolic function of the gut microbiota. We identified Bacteroides as independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with significant fibrosis. Thus, gut microbiota analysis adds information to classical predictors of NAFLD severity and suggests novel metabolic targets for pre-/probiotics therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France, HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthieu Barret
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mariana Machado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lionel Fizanne
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Felix Araujo-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia D. Guy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John F. Rawls
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. David
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gilles Hunault
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France, HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Paul Calès
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France, HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Boursier J, Mueller O, Barret M, Machado M, Fizanne L, Araujo-Perez F, Guy CD, Seed PC, Rawls JF, David LA, Hunault G, Oberti F, Calès P, Diehl AM. The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology 2016. [PMID: 26600078 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28356 doi: 10.1002/hep.28356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several animal studies have emphasized the role of gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, data about gut dysbiosis in human NAFLD remain scarce in the literature, especially studies including the whole spectrum of NAFLD lesions. We aimed to evaluate the association between gut dysbiosis and severe NAFLD lesions, that is, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, in a well-characterized population of adult NAFLD. Fifty-seven patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Taxonomic composition of gut microbiota was determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of stool samples. Thirty patients had F0/F1 fibrosis stage at liver biopsy (10 with NASH), and 27 patients had significant F≥2 fibrosis (25 with NASH). Bacteroides abundance was significantly increased in NASH and F≥2 patients, whereas Prevotella abundance was decreased. Ruminococcus abundance was significantly higher in F≥2 patients. By multivariate analysis, Bacteroides abundance was independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with F≥2 fibrosis. Stratification according to the abundance of these two bacteria generated three patient subgroups with increasing severity of NAFLD lesions. Based on imputed metagenomic profiles, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways significantly related to NASH and fibrosis F≥2 were mostly related to carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION NAFLD severity associates with gut dysbiosis and a shift in metabolic function of the gut microbiota. We identified Bacteroides as independently associated with NASH and Ruminococcus with significant fibrosis. Thus, gut microbiota analysis adds information to classical predictors of NAFLD severity and suggests novel metabolic targets for pre-/probiotics therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France.,HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Matthieu Barret
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mariana Machado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Lionel Fizanne
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | | | - Cynthia D Guy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Patrick C Seed
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - John F Rawls
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Lawrence A David
- Center for Genomics of Microbial Systems, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Gilles Hunault
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France.,HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Paul Calès
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France.,HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Calès P, Chaigneau J, Hunault G, Michalak S, Cavaro-Menard C, Fasquel JB, Bertrais S, Rousselet MC. Automated morphometry provides accurate and reproducible virtual staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Pathol Inform 2015; 6:20. [PMID: 26110088 PMCID: PMC4466784 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.157782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis staging provides prognostic value, although hampered by observer variability. We used digital analysis to develop diagnostic morphometric scores for significant fibrosis, cirrhosis and fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C. Materials and Methods: We automated the measurement of 44 classical and new morphometric descriptors. The reference was histological METAVIR fibrosis (F) staging (F0 to F4) on liver biopsies. The derivation population included 416 patients and liver biopsies ≥20 mm-length. Two validation population included 438 patients. Results: In the derivation population, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for clinically significant fibrosis (F stage ≥2) of a logistic score combining 5 new descriptors (stellar fibrosis area, edge linearity, bridge thickness, bridge number, nodularity) was 0.957. The AUROC for cirrhosis of 6 new descriptors (edge linearity, nodularity, portal stellar fibrosis area, portal distance, granularity, fragmentation) was 0.994. Predicted METAVIR F staging combining 8 morphometric descriptors agreed well with METAVIR F staging by pathologists: κ = 0.868. Morphometric score of clinically significant fibrosis had a higher correlation with porto-septal fibrosis area (rs = 0.835) than METAVIR F staging (rs = 0.756, P < 0.001) and the same correlations with fibrosis biomarkers, e.g., serum hyaluronate: rs = 0.484 versus rs = 0.476 for METAVIR F (P = 0.862). In the validation population, the AUROCs of clinically significant fibrosis and cirrhosis scores were, respectively: 0.893 and 0.993 in 153 patients (biopsy < 20 mm); 0.955 and 0.994 in 285 patients (biopsy ≥ 20 mm). The three morphometric diagnoses agreed with consensus expert reference as well as or better than diagnoses by first-line pathologists in 285 patients, respectively: significant fibrosis: 0.733 versus 0.733 (κ), cirrhosis: 0.900 versus 0.827, METAVIR F: 0.881 versus 0.865. Conclusion: The new automated morphometric scores provide reproducible and accurate diagnoses of fibrosis stages via “virtual expert pathologist.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France ; Department of Liver-Gastroenterology, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Julien Chaigneau
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France ; Department of Cellular and Tissue Pathology, CHU Angers, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Christine Cavaro-Menard
- Department of LARIS Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 7315, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fasquel
- Department of LARIS Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 7315, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Bertrais
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Rousselet
- HIFIH Laboratory, Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur 3859, Sructure Fédérative de Recherche 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France ; Department of Cellular and Tissue Pathology, CHU Angers, LUNAM University, Angers, France
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18
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Rousseau C, Hunault G, Gaillard S, Bourbeillon J, Montiel G, Simier P, Campion C, Jacques MA, Belin E, Boureau T. Phenoplant: a web resource for the exploration of large chlorophyll fluorescence image datasets. Plant Methods 2015; 11:24. [PMID: 25866549 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0068-4.ecollection2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image analysis is increasingly used in plant phenotyping. Among the various imaging techniques that can be used in plant phenotyping, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging allows imaging of the impact of biotic or abiotic stresses on leaves. Numerous chlorophyll fluorescence parameters may be measured or calculated, but only a few can produce a contrast in a given condition. Therefore, automated procedures that help screening chlorophyll fluorescence image datasets are needed, especially in the perspective of high-throughput plant phenotyping. RESULTS We developed an automatic procedure aiming at facilitating the identification of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters impacted on leaves by a stress. First, for each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, the procedure provides an overview of the data by automatically creating contact sheets of images and/or histograms. Such contact sheets enable a fast comparison of the impact on leaves of various treatments, or of the contrast dynamics during the experiments. Second, based on the global intensity of each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, the procedure automatically produces radial plots and box plots allowing the user to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that discriminate between treatments. Moreover, basic statistical analysis is automatically generated. Third, for each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter the procedure automatically performs a clustering analysis based on the histograms. This analysis clusters images of plants according to their health status. We applied this procedure to monitor the impact of the inoculation of the root parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa on Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and Ler. CONCLUSIONS Using this automatic procedure, we identified eight chlorophyll fluorescence parameters discriminating between the two ecotypes of A. thaliana, and five impacted by the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by P. ramosa. More generally, this procedure may help to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters impacted by various types of stresses. We implemented this procedure at http://www.phenoplant.org freely accessible to users of the plant phenotyping community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Université d'Angers, Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Julie Bourbeillon
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, AgroCampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Gregory Montiel
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Etienne Belin
- PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Tristan Boureau
- PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
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Rousseau C, Hunault G, Gaillard S, Bourbeillon J, Montiel G, Simier P, Campion C, Jacques MA, Belin E, Boureau T. Phenoplant: a web resource for the exploration of large chlorophyll fluorescence image datasets. Plant Methods 2015; 11:24. [PMID: 25866549 PMCID: PMC4392743 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image analysis is increasingly used in plant phenotyping. Among the various imaging techniques that can be used in plant phenotyping, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging allows imaging of the impact of biotic or abiotic stresses on leaves. Numerous chlorophyll fluorescence parameters may be measured or calculated, but only a few can produce a contrast in a given condition. Therefore, automated procedures that help screening chlorophyll fluorescence image datasets are needed, especially in the perspective of high-throughput plant phenotyping. RESULTS We developed an automatic procedure aiming at facilitating the identification of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters impacted on leaves by a stress. First, for each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, the procedure provides an overview of the data by automatically creating contact sheets of images and/or histograms. Such contact sheets enable a fast comparison of the impact on leaves of various treatments, or of the contrast dynamics during the experiments. Second, based on the global intensity of each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, the procedure automatically produces radial plots and box plots allowing the user to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that discriminate between treatments. Moreover, basic statistical analysis is automatically generated. Third, for each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter the procedure automatically performs a clustering analysis based on the histograms. This analysis clusters images of plants according to their health status. We applied this procedure to monitor the impact of the inoculation of the root parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa on Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and Ler. CONCLUSIONS Using this automatic procedure, we identified eight chlorophyll fluorescence parameters discriminating between the two ecotypes of A. thaliana, and five impacted by the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by P. ramosa. More generally, this procedure may help to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters impacted by various types of stresses. We implemented this procedure at http://www.phenoplant.org freely accessible to users of the plant phenotyping community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Hunault
- />Université d’Angers, Laboratoire d’Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- />Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Julie Bourbeillon
- />Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, AgroCampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Gregory Montiel
- />Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- />Université de Nantes, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Campion
- />Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- />PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- />Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Etienne Belin
- />PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- />Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Tristan Boureau
- />PHENOTIC, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
- />Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
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Barret M, Briand M, Bonneau S, Préveaux A, Valière S, Bouchez O, Hunault G, Simoneau P, Jacques MA. Emergence shapes the structure of the seed microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1257-66. [PMID: 25501471 PMCID: PMC4309697 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03722-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds carry complex microbial communities, which may exert beneficial or deleterious effects on plant growth and plant health. To date, the composition of microbial communities associated with seeds has been explored mainly through culture-based diversity studies and therefore remains largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed the structures of the seed microbiotas of different plants from the family Brassicaceae and their dynamics during germination and emergence through sequencing of three molecular markers: the ITS1 region of the fungal internal transcribed spacer, the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, and a species-specific bacterial marker based on a fragment of gyrB. Sequence analyses revealed important variations in microbial community composition between seed samples. Moreover, we found that emergence strongly influences the structure of the microbiota, with a marked reduction of bacterial and fungal diversity. This shift in the microbial community composition is mostly due to an increase in the relative abundance of some bacterial and fungal taxa possessing fast-growing abilities. Altogether, our results provide an estimation of the role of the seed as a source of inoculum for the seedling, which is crucial for practical applications in developing new strategies of inoculation for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Barret
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Martial Briand
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Bonneau
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anne Préveaux
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sophie Valière
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA, UAR1209, Département de Génétique Animale, INRA Auzeville, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier Bouchez
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- UMR INRA/INPT ENSAT/INPT ENVT, Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Élevage, INRA Auzeville, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Université d'Angers, Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorale Hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Simoneau
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
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Jaspard E, Hunault G. Comparison of amino acids physico-chemical properties and usage of late embryogenesis abundant proteins, hydrophilins and WHy domain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109570. [PMID: 25296175 PMCID: PMC4190154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins (LEAPs) comprise several diverse protein families and are mostly involved in stress tolerance. Most of LEAPs are intrinsically disordered and thus poorly functionally characterized. LEAPs have been classified and a large number of their physico-chemical properties have been statistically analyzed. LEAPs were previously proposed to be a subset of a very wide family of proteins called hydrophilins, while a domain called WHy (Water stress and Hypersensitive response) was found in LEAP class 8 (according to our previous classification). Since little is known about hydrophilins and WHy domain, the cross-analysis of their amino acids physico-chemical properties and amino acids usage together with those of LEAPs helps to describe some of their structural features and to make hypothesis about their function. Physico-chemical properties of hydrophilins and WHy domain strongly suggest their role in dehydration tolerance, probably by interacting with water and small polar molecules. The computational analysis reveals that LEAP class 8 and hydrophilins are distinct protein families and that not all LEAPs are a protein subset of hydrophilins family as proposed earlier. Hydrophilins seem related to LEAP class 2 (also called dehydrins) and to Heat Shock Proteins 12 (HSP12). Hydrophilins are likely unstructured proteins while WHy domain is structured. LEAP class 2, hydrophilins and WHy domain are thus proposed to share a common physiological role by interacting with water or other polar/charged small molecules, hence contributing to dehydration tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jaspard
- Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR 1345 IRHS, Beaucouzé, France
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Université d'Angers, Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, F-49045 Angers, France
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Calès P, Boursier J, Ducancelle A, Oberti F, Hubert I, Hunault G, de Lédinghen V, Zarski JP, Salmon D, Lunel F. Improved fibrosis staging by elastometry and blood test in chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2014; 34:907-17. [PMID: 24102852 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our main objective was to improve non-invasive fibrosis staging accuracy by resolving the limits of previous methods via new test combinations. Our secondary objectives were to improve staging precision, by developing a detailed fibrosis classification, and reliability (personalized accuracy) determination. METHODS All patients (729) included in the derivation population had chronic hepatitis C, liver biopsy, 6 blood tests and Fibroscan. Validation populations included 1584 patients. RESULTS The most accurate combination was provided by using most markers of FibroMeter and Fibroscan results targeted for significant fibrosis, i.e. 'E-FibroMeter'. Its classification accuracy (91.7%) and precision (assessed by F difference with Metavir: 0.62 ± 0.57) were better than those of FibroMeter (84.1%, P < 0.001; 0.72 ± 0.57, P < 0.001), Fibroscan (88.2%, P = 0.011; 0.68 ± 0.57, P = 0.020), and a previous CSF-SF classification of FibroMeter + Fibroscan (86.7%, P < 0.001; 0.65 ± 0.57, P = 0.044). The accuracy for fibrosis absence (F0) was increased, e.g. from 16.0% with Fibroscan to 75.0% with E-FibroMeter (P < 0.001). Cirrhosis sensitivity was improved, e.g. E-FibroMeter: 92.7% vs. Fibroscan: 83.3%, P = 0.004. The combination improved reliability by deleting unreliable results (accuracy <50%) observed with a single test (1.2% of patients) and increasing optimal reliability (accuracy ≥85%) from 80.4% of patients with Fibroscan (accuracy: 90.9%) to 94.2% of patients with E-FibroMeter (accuracy: 92.9%), P < 0.001. The patient rate with 100% predictive values for cirrhosis by the best combination was twice (36.2%) that of the best single test (FibroMeter: 16.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The new test combination increased: accuracy, globally and especially in patients without fibrosis, staging precision, cirrhosis prediction, and even reliability, thus offering improved fibrosis staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- Liver-Gastroenterology Department, CHU Angers, Angers, France; HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France
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Boureau T, Kerkoud M, Chhel F, Hunault G, Darrasse A, Brin C, Durand K, Hajri A, Poussier S, Manceau C, Lardeux F, Saubion F, Jacques MA. A multiplex-PCR assay for identification of the quarantine plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 92:42-50. [PMID: 23142341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we developed an algorithm to screen for all exact molecular signatures of the quarantine pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), based on available data of the presence or absence of virulence-associated genes. The simultaneous presence of genes avrBsT and xopL is specific to Xap. Therefore we developed a multiplex PCR assay targeting avrBsT and xopL for the molecular identification of Xap. The specificity of this multiplex was validated by comparison to that of other molecular identification assays aimed at Xap, on a wide collection of reference strains. This multiplex was further validated on a blind collection of Xanthomonas isolates for which pathogenicity was assayed by stem wounding and by dipping leaves into calibrated inocula. This multiplex was combined to the previously described X4c/X4e molecular identification assay for Xap. Such a combination enables the molecular identification of all strains of Xanthomonas pathogenic on bean. Results also show that assay by stem wounding does not give reliable results in the case of Xap, and that pathogenicity assays by dipping should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boureau
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 IRHS, Institut de Recherches en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, F-49071 Beaucouze Cedex, France.
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Jaspard E, Macherel D, Hunault G. Computational and statistical analyses of amino acid usage and physico-chemical properties of the twelve late embryogenesis abundant protein classes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36968. [PMID: 22615859 PMCID: PMC3353982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins (LEAPs) are ubiquitous proteins expected to play major roles in desiccation tolerance. Little is known about their structure - function relationships because of the scarcity of 3-D structures for LEAPs. The previous building of LEAPdb, a database dedicated to LEAPs from plants and other organisms, led to the classification of 710 LEAPs into 12 non-overlapping classes with distinct properties. Using this resource, numerous physico-chemical properties of LEAPs and amino acid usage by LEAPs have been computed and statistically analyzed, revealing distinctive features for each class. This unprecedented analysis allowed a rigorous characterization of the 12 LEAP classes, which differed also in multiple structural and physico-chemical features. Although most LEAPs can be predicted as intrinsically disordered proteins, the analysis indicates that LEAP class 7 (PF03168) and probably LEAP class 11 (PF04927) are natively folded proteins. This study thus provides a detailed description of the structural properties of this protein family opening the path toward further LEAP structure - function analysis. Finally, since each LEAP class can be clearly characterized by a unique set of physico-chemical properties, this will allow development of software to predict proteins as LEAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jaspard
- Université d'Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, LUNAM Université, Angers, France.
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Traoré S, Boisdron-Celle M, Hunault G, Andre T, Morel A, Guerin-Meyer V, Capitain O, Gamelin E. DPD deficiency: Medicoeconomic evaluation of pretreatment screening of 5-FU toxicity. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
410 Background: Deficiency of DPD activity is associated with severe toxicity or even death after the first two cycles 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based of chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a screening test before treatment of the deficiency of DPD activity combining two approaches (genetic and phenotype (UH2 / U)). The main measure of effectiveness was the number of avoided severe toxicities (grade 3-4), but the number of quality adjusted life days was the secondary endpoint. Methods: The analysis was based on retrospective data from a population of patients treated for colorectal cancer. 856 patients were screened (5-FUODPM Tox, ODPM, France) before being treated with adjusted doses (5-FUODPM Protocol, ODPM, France) versus a population of 886 patients treated according to standard doses (2400 mg/m²). The main point of view was society perspective and the time horizon was 2 cycles of chemotherapy. A multi-state Markov-type was used to estimate the mean cost and results for each of the two strategies. The cost of the strategy with screening was composed of the cost of the screening test and the cost of remaining toxicities, the cost of the standard strategy was just the cost of toxicities. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated: (COSTStandard - COSTWithScreening)/(EffStandard - EffWithScreening) COSTA : Cost of the strategy A, EffA : Effectiveness of the strategy A. Results: In the screened and adapted arm, the prevalence of severe toxicities at 1 cycle of chemotherapy was 0.5%, at 2 cycles was 0.9%. In the arm with standard doses, they were 5.80% and 6.90%, respectively. Any toxicity associated death was observed in the screened arm versus 1 death in the standard arm. The screening strategy was dominant, it allowed avoiding toxicities and saving money. The avoided cost per patient screened was 313 € for two cycles of treatment and a saving of 2780 € per toxicity avoided. The incremental net benefit (INB) per patient screened is 426 €. Conclusions: Pre-treatment screening test combining genetic and phenotype reduced the incidence of toxicities associated with 5-FU, it avoided deaths due to 5-FU and its additional cost was less than the cost of care of toxicity that it avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sory Traoré
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Michele Boisdron-Celle
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Thierry Andre
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Alain Morel
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Veronique Guerin-Meyer
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Capitain
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Erick Gamelin
- Centre Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, CRNA INSERM 892, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France; CRLCC Paul Papin, Angers, France; Department of Medical Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
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Calès P, Boursier J, Chaigneau J, Lainé F, Sandrini J, Michalak S, Hubert I, Dib N, Oberti F, Bertrais S, Hunault G, Cavaro-Ménard C, Gallois Y, Deugnier Y, Rousselet MC. Diagnosis of different liver fibrosis characteristics by blood tests in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2010; 30:1346-54. [PMID: 20666992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to develop an accurate, non-invasive, blood-test-based method for identifying the main characteristics of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Fibrosis was staged according to NASH-CRN and Metavir systems in 226 patients with NAFLD. A fully automated algorithm measured the fractal dimension (FD) and the area of fibrosis (AOF). Independent predictors of diagnostic targets were determined using bootstrap methods. RESULTS (i) Development. Significant fibrosis defined by NASH-CRN F ≥2 was diagnosed by weight, glycaemia, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and prothrombin index [area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)=0.867]; significant fibrosis defined by Metavir F ≥2 was diagnosed by weight, age, glycaemia, AST, ALT, ferritin and platelets (FibroMeter AUROC=0.941, P<0.005). AOF was estimated by the combination of hyaluronic acid, glycaemia, AST, ALT, platelets and prothrombin index ((a) R(2) =0.530), while FD was estimated by hyaluronic acid, glycaemia, AST/ALT, weight and platelets ((a) R(2) =0.529). (ii) Evaluation. Although NASH-CRN was a better system for fibrosis staging, Metavir staging was a better reference for blood test. Thus, the patient rate with predictive values ≥90% by tests was 97.3% with Metavir reference vs. 66.5% with NASH-CRN reference (P<10(-3)). FibroMeter showed a significantly higher AUROC than the NAFLD fibrosis score for significant fibrosis, but not for severe fibrosis or cirrhosis, with both staging systems. Relationships between fibrosis lesions were well reflected by blood tests, e.g., the correlation between histological area and FD of fibrosis (r(s) =0.971, P<10(-3)) was well reflected by the relationship between respective blood tests (r(s) =0.852, P<10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS Different characteristics of fibrosis in NAFLD can be diagnosed and quantified by blood tests with excellent accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU, Angers, France.
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Abstract
Background Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins database (LEAPdb) contains resource regarding LEAP from plants and other organisms. Although LEAP are grouped into several families, there is no general consensus on their definition and on their classification. They are associated with abiotic stress tolerance, but their actual function at the molecular level is still enigmatic. The scarcity of 3-D structures for LEAP remains a handicap for their structure-function relationships analysis. Finally, the growing body of published data about LEAP represents a great amount of information that needs to be compiled, organized and classified. Results LEAPdb gathers data about 8 LEAP sub-families defined by the PFAM, the Conserved Domain and the InterPro databases. Among its functionalities, LEAPdb provides a browse interface for retrieving information on the whole database. A search interface using various criteria such as sophisticated text expression, amino acids motifs and other useful parameters allows the retrieving of refined subset of entries. LEAPdb also offers sequence similarity search. Information is displayed in re-ordering tables facilitating the analysis of data. LEAP sequences can be downloaded in three formats. Finally, the user can submit his sequence(s). LEAPdb has been conceived as a user-friendly web-based database with multiple functions to search and describe the different LEAP families. It will likely be helpful for computational analyses of their structure - function relationships. Conclusions LEAPdb contains 769 non-redundant and curated entries, from 196 organisms. All LEAP sequences are full-length. LEAPdb is publicly available at http://forge.info.univ-angers.fr/~gh/Leadb/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Hunault
- Université d'Angers, Laboratoire d'Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorale hépatique, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, Université d'Angers, F- 49045 Angers, France
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Calès P, Boursier J, Oberti F, Hubert I, Gallois Y, Rousselet MC, Dib N, Moal V, Macchi L, Chevailler A, Michalak S, Hunault G, Chaigneau J, Sawadogo A, Lunel F. FibroMeters: a family of blood tests for liver fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 32:40-51. [PMID: 18973845 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(08)73992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
FibroMeters are blood tests for liver fibrosis with several specificities: two main diagnostic targets (fibrosis stage and area of fibrosis); adaptation to specific causes; and results confirmed by an expert system. Thus, FibroMeters comprise six different tests: one for staging and one for quantitation of liver fibrosis in each of the three main causes of chronic liver disease-chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FibroMeters display a high overall diagnostic accuracy and are the only tests to correctly classify 100% of HCV patients without fibrosis or with cirrhosis. They have 90% predictive values in a higher proportion of patients than with other usual blood tests. A 90% correct classification is available in 100% of HCV patients with the following reliable diagnostic intervals: F0/1, F1/2, F2+/-1, F3+/-1. In real-life conditions, the reproducibility of FibroMeters is higher than that of liver biopsy or ultrasonographic elastometry. FibroMeters are robust tests with the most stable diagnostic performance across different centers. Optional tests are also available, such as a specific one for cirrhosis, which has a diagnostic accuracy of 93.0% (AUROC: 0.92) and a 100% positive predictive value for diagnosis of HCV cirrhosis. Determination by FibroMeters of the area of fibrosis - the only direct, non-invasive, quantitative measurement of liver fibrosis - are especially useful for following-up cirrhosis as it correlates well with clinical events. FibroMeters are also very accurate in HVB or HIV-HCV co-infected patients. The tests specific for ALD and NAFLD also have a high diagnostic accuracy (AUROCs: 0.96 and 0.94, respectively, for significant fibrosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calès
- Laboratoire HIFIH, IFR 132, Université, Angers; Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, CHU, Angers.
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Hajri A, Brin C, Hunault G, Lardeux F, Lemaire C, Manceau C, Boureau T, Poussier S. A "repertoire for repertoire" hypothesis: repertoires of type three effectors are candidate determinants of host specificity in Xanthomonas. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6632. [PMID: 19680562 PMCID: PMC2722093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis of host specificity for animal and plant pathogenic bacteria remains poorly understood. For plant pathogenic bacteria, host range is restricted to one or a few host plant species reflecting a tight adaptation to specific hosts. Methodology/Principal Findings Two hypotheses can be formulated to explain host specificity: either it can be explained by the phylogenetic position of the strains, or by the association of virulence genes enabling a pathological convergence of phylogenically distant strains. In this latter hypothesis, host specificity would result from the interaction between repertoires of bacterial virulence genes and repertoires of genes involved in host defences. To challenge these two hypotheses, we selected 132 Xanthomonas axonopodis strains representative of 18 different pathovars which display different host range. First, the phylogenetic position of each strain was determined by sequencing the housekeeping gene rpoD. This study showed that many pathovars of Xanthomonas axonopodis are polyphyletic. Second, we investigated the distribution of 35 type III effector genes (T3Es) in these strains by both PCR and hybridization methods. Indeed, for pathogenic bacteria T3Es were shown to trigger and to subvert host defences. Our study revealed that T3E repertoires comprise core and variable gene suites that likely have distinct roles in pathogenicity and different evolutionary histories. Our results showed a correspondence between composition of T3E repertoires and pathovars of Xanthomonas axonopodis. For polyphyletic pathovars, this suggests that T3E genes might explain a pathological convergence of phylogenetically distant strains. We also identified several DNA rearrangements within T3E genes, some of which correlate with host specificity of strains. Conclusions/Significance These data provide insight into the potential role played by T3E genes for pathogenic bacteria and support a “repertoire for repertoire” hypothesis that may explain host specificity. Our work provides resources for functional and evolutionary studies aiming at understanding host specificity of pathogenic bacteria, functional redundancy between T3Es and the driving forces shaping T3E repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hajri
- Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Beaucouzé, France
| | - Chrystelle Brin
- Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Beaucouzé, France
| | - Gilles Hunault
- Département d'Informatique, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Charles Manceau
- Département Santé des Plantes et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Beaucouzé, France
| | - Tristan Boureau
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Angers, Angers, Beaucouzé, France
- * E-mail: (TB); (SP)
| | - Stéphane Poussier
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Agrocampus Ouest centre d'Angers, Institut National d'Horticulture et de Paysage (INHP), Beaucouzé, France
- * E-mail: (TB); (SP)
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Calès P, de Ledinghen V, Halfon P, Bacq Y, Leroy V, Boursier J, Foucher J, Bourlière M, de Muret A, Sturm N, Hunault G, Oberti F. Evaluating the accuracy and increasing the reliable diagnosis rate of blood tests for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2008; 28:1352-62. [PMID: 18492022 PMCID: PMC2711538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reliable diagnosis rate of diagnostic tests is provided by their intervals with acceptable accuracy (e.g. >/=90%) where a liver biopsy can be avoided. AIMS To evaluate the overall accuracy and improve the reliable diagnosis rates of blood tests for significant liver fibrosis. METHODS Five blood tests were compared with Metavir fibrosis (F) staging in 1056 patients with chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS Area under the receiver operating characteristics (F0-1 vs. F2-4) were: FibroMeter: 0.853, Fibrotest: 0.811, Fib-4: 0.799, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI): 0.786 and Hepascore: 0.784 (P<10(-3) between tests). The reliable diagnosis rates based on two traditional intervals defined by thresholds >/=90% of negative predictive values (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV), diagnosing F0/1 and F2/3/4, respectively, were: FibroMeter: 43.5%, APRI: 19.6%, Fibrotest: 17.1%, Hepascore: 3.9%, Fib-4: 1.7% (P<10(-3)). By dividing the indeterminate interval by the diagnostic cut-off, two new intervals could be diagnosed reliably: F1/2 and F1/2/3. Accordingly, the reliable diagnosis rate was increased, e.g. FibroMeter: 75.5% (accuracy: 89.5%) with three intervals (F0/1, F1/2, F2/3/4). It was possible to further increase this rate by using the more exportable 90% sensitivity/specificity thresholds, e.g. FibroMeter: 90.2% (accuracy: 86.4%). By using the four intervals, the reliable diagnosis rate was 100% (accuracy: 89.5% with predictive value (PV) and 87.5% with sensitivity/specificity). CONCLUSION Reliable diagnosis is a diagnostic index devoted to clinical practice. Its rate can be increased by creating new intervals between diagnostic cut-off and 90% PVs or sensitivity/specificity thresholds. This increased the overall accuracy from 78.1 to 89.5% and reduced the need for a liver biopsy from 56.5 to 0% with the most accurate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et laboratoire HIFIHIFR 132, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Victor de Ledinghen
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital du Haut LévèquePessac, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yannick Bacq
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital TrousseauCHRU, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Clinique d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, pôle digestif-DUNE, CHU, & INSERM/UJF U823IAPC, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et laboratoire HIFIHIFR 132, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Juliette Foucher
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital du Haut LévèquePessac, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-JosephMarseille, France
| | - Anne de Muret
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRUTours, France
| | | | - Gilles Hunault
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et laboratoire HIFIHIFR 132, CHU, Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et laboratoire HIFIHIFR 132, CHU, Angers, France
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Leroy V, Halfon P, Bacq Y, Boursier J, Rousselet MC, Bourlière M, de Muret A, Sturm N, Hunault G, Penaranda G, Bréchot MC, Trocme C, Calès P. Diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility and robustness of fibrosis blood tests in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis with individual data. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:1368-76. [PMID: 18655779 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liver fibrosis tests and its influencing factors in a meta-analysis with individual data. DESIGN AND METHODS Four independent centers provided four blood tests and Metavir staging from 825 patients with chronic hepatitis C. RESULTS FibroMeter AUROC (0.840) for significant fibrosis was superior to those of Fibrotest (0.803, p=0.049), APRI (0.789, p=0.001) and Hepascore (0.781, p<0.001). The misclassification rate was lower for FibroMeter (23%) than for Fibrotest and Hepascore (both 28%, p<0.001). The variation in the diagnostic cut-offs of tests among centers, reflecting the overall reproducibility, was: FibroMeter: 4.2%, APRI: 24.0%, Fibrotest: 24.2%, Hepascore: 35.0%. Accordingly, the proportion of patients diagnosed with significant fibrosis changed: FibroMeter: 0.8%, Hepascore: 2.4% (p=0.02 vs FibroMeter), Fibrotest: 5.8% (p<10(-3)), APRI: 18.2% (p<10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS This study on clinical applicability shows significant differences in diagnostic accuracy, inter-center reproducibility, and robustness of biomarkers to changes in population characteristics between blood tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Leroy
- Clinique d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Pôle Digestif-DUNE, CHU, Grenoble, France.
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Calès P, Veillon P, Konaté A, Mathieu E, Ternisien C, Chevailler A, Godon A, Gallois Y, Joubaud F, Hubert-Fouchard I, Oberti F, Réaud S, Hunault G, Mauriat F, Lunel-Fabiani F. Reproducibility of blood tests of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. Clin Biochem 2007; 41:10-8. [PMID: 17988658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inter-laboratory reproducibility of blood test for liver fibrosis: FibroMeter, Fibrotest, APRI and their composites variables. DESIGN AND METHODS Four studies, including 147 patients, were performed: study #1 included 2 metachronous blood samples and 2 laboratories; studies #2, #3 and #4 included synchronous samples with assays delayed at day 1 in 12 laboratories, at day 0 in 10 laboratories and at day 0 or 1 in 2 laboratories, respectively. Agreement was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (r(ic)). RESULTS In studies #1, #2 and #4, r(ic) for FibroMeter was 0.893, 0.942 and 0.991, respectively. In study #3, the r(ic) were: FibroMeter: 0.963, Fibrotest: 0.984, APRI: 0.949. Large simulated variations in composite variables had a weak impact on FibroMeter. CONCLUSIONS When blood marker limits are controlled, inter-laboratory agreement of blood tests is excellent in clinical practice conditions. Blood tests are robust against the variability of composite blood variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Calès
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES 3859, IFR 132, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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Sutra L, Siverio F, Lopez MM, Hunault G, Bollet C, Gardan L. Taxonomy of Pseudomonas strains isolated from tomato pith necrosis: emended description of Pseudomonas corrugata and proposal of three unnamed fluorescent Pseudomonas genomospecies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:1020-33. [PMID: 9336901 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-47-4-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-three fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from tomato pith necrosis (FPTPN strains) and 89 Pseudomonas corrugata strains were studied by numerical taxonomy. In the dendrogram of distances, the P. corrugata strains constituted a single phenon (phenon 1), whereas 17 of the 33 FPTPN strains clustered in a separate phenon (phenon 2). The other 16 FPTPN strains were included in phena consisting of well-characterized fluorescent Pseudomonas species or were isolated phenotypes. Phena 1 and 2 were distinguished by fluorescence on King B medium, accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, production of levan, and assimilation of sorbitol. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that P. corrugata is a true genomic species (66 to 100% DNA relatedness) and that the FPTPN strains of phenon 2 were divided into three genomic groups. Genomic groups 1 and 2 were not distinct from each other phenotypically, and genomic group 3 could be distinguished from genomic groups 1 and 2 only on the basis of assimilation of citraconate and laevulinate. Genomic groups 1 and 2 are related to P. corrugata (40 to 55% DNA relatedness), whereas genomic group 3 is less closely related to P. corrugata (20 to 23% DNA relatedness). The lipopolysaccharide patterns on electrophoresis gels and fatty acid profiles of strains belonging to genomic group 1 through 3 are different from each other and from the lipopolysaccharide patterns and fatty acid profiles of P. corrugata. However, cross-reactions were observed between P. corrugata and the FPTPN strain genomic groups, indicating that there are common epitopes of the lipopolysaccharides. The three FPTPN strain genomic groups were not named as species but were designated Pseudomonas genomospecies FP1, FP2, and FP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sutra
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Pathologie Végétale et Phytobactériologie, Beaucouzé, France
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Abstract
The study of phenotypic properties of 108 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall isolated from Cherry laurel (50 strains) and various host plants (58 strains) and 53 strains of other pathovars of P. syringae and fluorescent Pseudomonas showed that the majority of the strains (91/108) were clustered in one phenon (phenon 14) containing strains commonly considered as P.s. pv. syringae. The present type strain of P.s. pv. syringae was distantly related to phenon 14. Other pathovars of P. syringae constituted 13 discrete phenons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gardan
- Station de Pathologie végétale et Phytobactériologie, INRA, Beaucouzé, France
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Gardan L, Cottin S, Bollet C, Hunault G, Boutefnouchet N. Variabilité phénotypique de Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae provenant de laurier palme et d'hôtes variés. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:19900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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