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Pardo González MÁ, Cavazza G, Gustinelli A, Caffara M, Fioravanti M. Absence of anisakis nematodes in smoked farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) products on sale in European countries. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 9:8615. [PMID: 33532370 PMCID: PMC7844585 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of global demand of aquaculture products as compensation for the lowering of fishery sustainability has shown a parallel awareness by the consumers on the importance of the safety and quality of fish products. Among these, salmon industry has reached a leading position demonstrating the negligible risk of presence of zoonotic helminths such as anisakis nematodes in farmed salmon. Despite the massive production of data in literature on parasitological surveys carried out on fresh salmon, no data are published on processed farmed salmon such as smoked products. In 2016, 270 slices of smoked farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and 13 smoked slices from wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) have been analyzed by visual inspection and UV-press method searching for the presence of anisakid nematodes. No parasites were detected in samples from farmed Atlantic salmon, while 10 out of 13 from wild salmon were positive for Anisakis simplex s.s. larvae. This first survey on the possible presence of anisakid nematodes in processed smoked salmon confirms that this risk in farmed Atlantic salmon products has to be considered negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Cavazza
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Marialetizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
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Bodini C, Camplone I, Cavazza G, Di Girolamo C, Gentilini V, Marzaroli P, Pandolfi P, Perlangeli V, Pizzi L, Riccio M. Addressing health inequities in Bologna: a mixed-method, multi stakeholder, action-research approach. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A large body of literature shows how lower socioeconomic classes have higher incidence of mortality and morbidity, and how worse health outcomes linked to barriers in accessing healthcare particularly affect the most vulnerable groups. Despite such evidence, in many a context health inequalities have continued to increase. Processes that better link knowledge with action are therefore needed.
Methods
An interdisciplinary, interprofessional, interinstitutional group was created involving the Public Health Department and the Center of International Health of Bologna. In 2017-19, the group carried out a project to document and tackle local health inequities, structured in two phases: a first one of quantitative analysis of health inequalities using routinely available data, and a second one of qualitative research in selected areas of the city. An action-research approach was embedded throughout the project, with periodic evaluations to ensure progress towards the intended results.
Results
Phase 1 results show significant differences in terms of disease burden and service use between the North, East and West periphery of the city compared to the center and South. These differences mirror the urban distribution of wealth/deprivation, measured through different indicators (education, income, presence of immigrant population). Results also show concentration of the worst health outcomes and healthcare access indicators in some areas of the city, which also have higher presence of social housing. Phase 2, started in January 2020, is using phase 1 results to inform both a qualitative analysis and a participatory process in 6 areas of the city selected among those with worst health indicators.
Conclusions
Our experience shows that addressing the issue of health inequities through a mixed-method, multi stakeholder and action-research approach may lead to greater integration of research findings and evidence into healthcare policy and practice, towards health equity.
Key messages
Working across disciplines, roles and institutions may bring added value to the complex field of health inequities, when approached with the aim of moving from knowledge to action. Relying on routinely available data may open a route for the replication of our experience and for its use to monitor the impact of interventions aimed at reducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodini
- Centre for International and Intercultural Health, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Camplone
- Department of Primary Care, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Cavazza
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Di Girolamo
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Gentilini
- Centre for International and Intercultural Health, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Marzaroli
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Pandolfi
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Perlangeli
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pizzi
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Riccio
- Centre for International and Intercultural Health, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pastorino P, Vela Alonso AI, Colussi S, Cavazza G, Menconi V, Mugetti D, Righetti M, Barbero R, Zuccaro G, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Dondo A, Acutis PL, Prearo M. A Summer Mortality Outbreak of Lactococcosis by Lactococcus garvieae in a Raceway System Affecting Farmed Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis). Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121043. [PMID: 31795312 PMCID: PMC6940933 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis, a bacterial disease affecting many species of fish and causing major economic losses in aquaculture. In this study we described, for the first time, the isolation of L. garvieae in brook trout farmed in northwestern Italy by performing a molecular and epidemiological characterization. Results confirmed water as vehicle of infection, favoring the transmission of the pathogen between rainbow trout farmed in the upstream compartments of a raceways system and the brook trout located in downstream tanks. Abstract Lactococcosis is a fish disease of major concern in Mediterranean countries caused by Lactococcus garvieae. The most susceptible species is the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), suffering acute disease associated with elevated mortalities compared to other fish species. References reported that other salmonids are also susceptible to the disease, but no mortality outbreak has been described to date. The aim of this study was to present a mortality outbreak that occurred in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) farmed in northwestern Italy during the summer of 2018. Fish exhibited clinical signs, such as exophthalmos, diffused hemorrhages localized in the ocular zone, hemorrhagic enteritis, and enlarged spleen. L. garvieae was isolated in all fish. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of the isolates, through Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), confirmed the initial hypothesis of water as vehicle of infection favoring transmission between rainbow trout farmed in upstream compartments and brook trout located in downstream tanks. Moreover, several environmental conditions affected and promoted the outbreak, among them the high-water temperature, which probably induced a physiological stress in brook trout, being way above the optimal temperature for this species, increasing the susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-268-6295
| | - Ana Isabel Vela Alonso
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.V.A.); (J.F.F.-G.)
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Cavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marzia Righetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaella Barbero
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Biella, via Don Sturzo 20, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Zuccaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.V.A.); (J.F.F.-G.)
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (G.C.); (V.M.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (A.D.); (P.L.A.); (M.P.)
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4
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Quaglio F, Perolo A, Bronzatti P, Gustinelli A, Menconi V, Cavazza G, Caffara M, Manfrin A, Gallo E, Fioravanti ML. Nodular gill disease in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Italy. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1139-1142. [PMID: 26850914 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Quaglio
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Perolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - P Bronzatti
- Veterinarian fish pathologist, Verona, Italy
| | - A Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - V Menconi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - G Cavazza
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - M Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - A Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Adria, Italy
| | - E Gallo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M L Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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