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Muscatello LV, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Innao M, Benazzi C, D'Annunzio G, Romaniello D, Orioles M, Lauriola M, Sarli G. PDL1 immunohistochemistry in canine neoplasms: Validation of commercial antibodies, standardization of evaluation, and scoring systems. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:393-401. [PMID: 37920996 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231209410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology research has brought to light the paradoxical role of immune cells in the induction and elimination of cancer. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), expressed by tumor cells, are immune checkpoint proteins that regulate the antitumor adaptive immune response. This study aimed to validate commercially available PDL1 antibodies in canine tissue and then, applying standardized methods and scoring systems used in human pathology, evaluate PDL1 immunopositivity in different types of canine tumors. To demonstrate cross-reactivity, a monoclonal antibody (22C3) and polyclonal antibody (cod. A1645) were tested by western blot. Cross-reactivity in canine tissue cell extracts was observed for both antibodies; however, the polyclonal antibody (cod. A1645) demonstrated higher signal specificity. Canine tumor histotypes were selected based on the human counterparts known to express PDL1. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 168 tumors with the polyclonal anti-PDL1 antibody. Only membranous labeling was considered positive. PDL1 labeling was detected both in neoplastic and infiltrating immune cells. The following tumors were immunopositive: melanomas (17 of 17; 100%), renal cell carcinomas (4 of 17; 24%), squamous cell carcinomas (3 of 17; 18%), lymphomas (2 of 14; 14%), urothelial carcinomas (2 of 18; 11%), pulmonary carcinomas (2 of 20; 10%), and mammary carcinomas (1 of 31; 3%). Gastric (0 of 10; 0%) and intestinal carcinomas (0 of 24; 0%) were negative. The findings of this study suggest that PDL1 is expressed in some canine tumors, with high prevalence in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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Muscatello LV, Frabetti S, Avallone G, Gobbo F, Pasquini A, D'Annunzio G, Pisoni L, Marconato L, Terragni R, De Biase D, Candini O, Sarli G. Morphologic, phenotypic, and genotypic similarities between primary tumors and corresponding 3D cell cultures grown in a repeatable system-preliminary results. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:263. [PMID: 38071286 PMCID: PMC10709889 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are the new frontier for reproducing the tumor micro-environment in vitro. The aims of the study were (1) to establish primary 3D cell cultures from canine spontaneous neoplasms and (2) to demonstrate the morphological, phenotypic and genotypic similarities between the primary canine neoplasms and the corresponding 3D cultures, through the expression of tumor differentiation markers. RESULTS Seven primary tumors were collected, including 4 carcinomas and 3 soft tissue sarcomas. 3D cell cultures reproduced the morphological features of the primary tumors and showed an overlapping immunophenotype of the primary epithelial tumors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the growth of stromal cells and macrophages admixed with the neoplastic epithelial component, reproducing the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal 3D cultures reproduced the immunophenotype of the primary tumor completely in 2 out of 3 examined cases while a discordant expression was documented for a single marker in one case. No single nucleotide variants or small indel were detected in TP53 or MDM2 genes, both in primary tumors and in 3D cell cultures specimens. In one sample, MDM2 amplicons were preferentially increased in number compared to TP53 ones, indicating amplification of MDM2, detectable both in the primary tumor and in the corresponding cell culture specimen. CONCLUSION Here we demonstrate a good cell morphology, phenotype and genetic profile overlap between primary tumors and the corresponding 3D cultures grown in a repeatable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | | | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Arianna Pasquini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna, I-25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luciano Pisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | | | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of Bologna, I-40127, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Rubini S, Baruffaldi M, Taddei R, D'Annunzio G, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Menozzi I, Bondesan G, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Corazzola G, Savini F, Indio V, Serraino A, Giacometti F. Loggerhead Sea Turtle as Possible Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Listeriosis in the Marine Environment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050344. [PMID: 37235427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogen isolated from different host species including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, but it is rarely a pathogenic microorganism to marine reptiles. In particular, only two cases of fatal disseminated listeriosis have been described in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). In this study, we describe a lethal case of L. monocytogenes infection in a loggerhead sea turtle. The turtle was found alive, stranded on a beach in North-eastern Italy, but perished soon after being rescued. The autoptic examination revealed that heart, lung, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder were disseminated with multiple, firm, 0.1-0.5 mm sized, nodular, white-green lesions. Microscopically, these lesions corresponded with heterophilic granulomas with Gram+ bacteria within the necrotic center. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative for acid-fast organisms. Colonies isolated from heart and liver were tested through MALDI-TOF for species identification, revealing the presence of L. monocytogenes. Whole Genome Sequencing on L. monocytogenes isolates was performed and the subsequent in silico genotyping revealed the belonging to Sequence Type 6 (ST 6); the virulence profile was evaluated, showing the presence of pathogenicity islands commonly observed in ST 6. Our results further confirm that L. monocytogenes should be posed in differential diagnosis in case of nodular lesions of loggerhead sea turtles; thus, given the zoonotic potential of the microorganism, animals should be treated with particular caution. In addition, wildlife animals can play an active role as carriers of possibly pathogenetic and virulent strains and contribute to the distribution of L. monocytogenes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matilde Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bondesan
- Independent Contractor Veterinary and Delta Rescue President, 44020 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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4
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Renzi A, Sabattini S, D'Annunzio G, Zaccone R, Perfetti S, Okonji S, Marconato L. Multiorgan metastases with massive bone involvement of a medullary thyroid carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Renzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Riccardo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Simone Perfetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Samuel Okonji
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) Italy
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5
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D'Annunzio G, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Bacci B, Sabattini S, Sarli G. Airway Remodeling in Feline Lungs. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 46:100587. [PMID: 34624551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling encompass structural changes that occur as the result of chronic injury and lead to persistently altered airway structure and function. Although this process is known in several human respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airway remodeling is poorly characterized in the feline counterpart. In this study, we describe the spontaneous pulmonary changes in 3 cats paralleling the airway remodeling reported in humans. We observed airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) hyperplasia (peribronchial and interstitial), airway subepithelial and interstitial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling by increased number of vessels in the bronchial submucosa. The hyperplastic ASMCs co-expressed α-SMA, vimentin and desmin suggesting that vimentin, which is not normally expressed by ASMCs, may play a role in airway thickening, and remodeling. ASMCs had strong cytoplasmic expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and in various bronchial and interstitial lung diseases, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of ASMCs hyperplasia. Our findings provide histologic evidence of airway remodeling in cats. Further studies on larger caseloads are needed to support our conclusions on the value of this feline condition as an animal model for nonspecific airway remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Annunzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Guarneri F, Tresoldi ET, Sarli G, Boniotti MB, Lelli D, Barbieri I, Bacci B, D'Annunzio G, Amadori M. Protective immunity in swine induced by Porcine Circovirus 2b inactivated vaccines with different antigen payload. Vet Microbiol 2020; 252:108887. [PMID: 33276254 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines are poorly standardized in terms of antigen payload and correlates of protection. Therefore, twenty, 45-day old piglets were divided into four groups of 5 animals each and vaccinated with 800 / 266 / 88 / 0 nanograms, respectively, of an inactivated PCV2b strain formulated in the same oil adjuvant. Twenty-six days later, all the pigs were challenged intranasally with the homologous PCV2b strain. No clinical signs were observed in the pigs under study. Viremia was observed after challenge in all the control pigs, as well as in 3 pigs of the 266 and 88-ng groups (one and two, respectively). No pigs of the 800-ng group developed viremia. On the basis of post challenge viremia, the PCV2b vaccine under study had a titer of 11 Protective Doses (PD) 50 %, and 1 PD50 amounted to 74 ng of PCV2b Ag. Neutralizing and ELISA Ab titers showed no obvious correlation with protection in the single animals, even though the 800-ng group developed a significantly higher mean Ab response. All the pigs with a PCV2-specific, IFN-gamma response at 3 weeks after vaccination in whole blood samples were protected against viremia. In lymphoid tissues (mainly tonsils and ileum) the presence of sparse reactive histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells was the only PCV2-associated feature and, by immunohistochemistry, only 3 out of 20 subjects showed a low viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Guarneri
- Laboratory of Animal Welfare, Clinical Chemistry and Veterinary Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Genomics Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Virology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barbieri
- Genomics Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Amadori
- Laboratory of Animal Welfare, Clinical Chemistry and Veterinary Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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7
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Piccinno E, Ortolani F, Vendemiale M, Tummolo A, Masciopinto M, Natale M, De Luca A, Agolini E, Aloi C, Salina A, D'Annunzio G, Fischetto R, Papadia F. Novel homozygous mutation in exon 5 ofWFS1gene in an Apulian family with mild phenotypic expression of Wolfram syndrome. Clin Genet 2013; 86:197-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Piccinno
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - F. Ortolani
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - M. Vendemiale
- Clinical Psychology, Medical Direction; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - A. Tummolo
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - M. Masciopinto
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - M.P. Natale
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - A. De Luca
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital; IRCCS; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - E. Agolini
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital; IRCCS; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - C. Aloi
- Laboratory of Diabetology-LABSIEM; Giannina Gaslini Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - A. Salina
- Laboratory of Diabetology-LABSIEM; Giannina Gaslini Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - G. D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Diabetology-LABSIEM; Giannina Gaslini Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - R. Fischetto
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
| | - F. Papadia
- O. U. Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Genetics and Diabetes; Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII; Bari Italy
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8
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Tosca MA, Ciprandi G, Silvestri M, D'Annunzio G, Lorini R, Rossi GA. T1 diabetes and allergic diseases in children: correspondence to the paper of Thomsen et al., Allergy 2011; 66: 645-647. Allergy 2011; 66:1612-3; author reply 1613-4. [PMID: 21797884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Silvestri M, Tosca MA, Ciprandi G, D'Annunzio G, Lorini R, Rossi GA. Re: Body mass index and allergic sensitization in children with asthma or type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1044-5. [PMID: 21492267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Banin P, Giovannini M, Raimondi F, D'Annunzio G, Sala S, Salina A, Aloi C, De Sanctis V. A novel hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (MODY 5) gene mutation in a Romanian boy with pancreatic calcifications, renal and hepatic dysfunction. Georgian Med News 2011:55-60. [PMID: 21617276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a 12-years-old Romanian boy with a diagnosis of diabetes and renal insufficiency. Mutations in homeodomain-containing transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF-1β) have been reported in association with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY 5) and early maturity-onset diabetes, progressive non-diabetic renal dysfunction and bilateral renal cysts. We found a new heterozygous mutation in HFN-1β located in the exon 3 (c.715 G>C; p.239R) associated to pancreatic calcifications. The importance of molecular diagnosis of MODY patients is reinforced and the need for a careful follow-up is stressed in order to monitor the progression of clinical manifestations and its correlation with the gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Banin
- Departmentes of Growth and Reproduction- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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D'Amato E, Giacopelli F, Giannattasio A, D'Annunzio G, Bocciardi R, Musso M, Lorini R, Ravazzolo R. Genetic investigation in an Italian child with an unusual association of atrial septal defect, attributable to a new familial GATA4 gene mutation, and neonatal diabetes due to pancreatic agenesis. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1195-200. [PMID: 20854389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Permanent neonatal diabetes is a rare condition affecting 1 in 300,000-400,000 live births; only in 60% of cases it is possible to identify the genetic defect. The condition of pancreatic agenesis is rarer still. Only two genes are known to determine this phenotype: PDX-1 and PTF1A. Congenital heart defects are among the most common developmental anomalies, affecting 1% of newborns, and the GATA4 gene is less frequently involved in these disorders. An Italian child with pancreatic agenesis and an atrial septal defect was genetically investigated to elucidate whether the association of the two pathologies was casual, or represented a new pancreatic/cardiac syndrome. METHODS A panel of pancreas development genes, including GCK, Kir6.2, PTF1A, PDX-1, HNF-1A, NgN3, SOX17, SOX7, SOX9, INS, HNF1-B and SUR1 plus the GATA4 gene, were screened for characterization of pancreatic agenesis and cardiac defect. RESULTS Screening for genes causing permanent neonatal diabetes was negative. A novel mutation in GATA4 (c1512C>T) was detected and functional characterization confirmed a reduced activity of the protein. In the family members, the GATA4 mutation co-segregates with a cardiac phenotype, but not with pancreatic agenesis. CONCLUSIONS We describe the first report of pancretic agenesis with an associated cardiac defect and a mutation in the GATA4 gene. We could not establish that the GATA4 mutation was causative for pancreatic agenesis and further genetic investigation to detect the genetic cause of the pancreas agenesis was unsuccessful. We conclude that, the two pathologies are attributable to two independent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D'Amato
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Genoa, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Italy.
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12
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Olivieri A, De Angelis S, Dionisi S, D'Annunzio G, Locatelli M, Marinaro M, Bonato V, Amendola A, Songini M, Velluzzi F, Schirru C, Cotichini R, Stazi MA, Dotta F, Lorini R, Bottazzo GF, Boirivant M. Serum transforming growth factor β1 during diabetes development in non-obese diabetic mice and humans. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:407-14. [PMID: 20819089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that regulatory cells with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-dependent activity are able to restore self-tolerance in overtly diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Thus, TGF-β1 seems to have a relevant role in protection from autoimmune diabetes. Our aim was to investigate the possible significance of serum TGF-β1 measurement in the natural history of diabetes in NOD mice, as well as in children positive for at least one islet-related antibody. Serum TGF-β1 (both total and active) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at monthly intervals in 26 NOD mice during the spontaneous development of diabetes and, on a yearly basis, in nine siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with a follow-up of 4 years. Diabetes appeared between the 12th week of age and the end of the study period (36 weeks) in 17 mice. TGF-β1 serum level variations occurred in the prediabetic period in both NOD mice and humans and diabetes diagnosis followed a continuing reduction of active TGF-β1 (aTGF-β1) serum levels. In mice, aTGF-β1 serum levels measured at 4 weeks of age correlated positively with severity of insulitis, and negatively with percentage of insulin-positive cells. Our findings suggest that in NOD mice serum TGF-β1 levels during the natural history of the diabetes reflect the course of islet inflammation. The measurement of aTGF-β1 in islet-related antibody-positive subjects may provide insights into the natural history of prediabetic phase of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olivieri
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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13
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Chiocchetti A, Orilieri E, Cappellano G, Barizzone N, D'Alfonso S, D'Annunzio G, Lorini R, Ravazzolo R, Cadario F, Martinetti M, Calcaterra V, Cerutti F, Bruno G, Larizza D, Dianzani U. The Osteopontin Gene +1239A/C Single Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Italian Population. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:263-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phosphoprotein 1, also known as Osteopontin (Opn), is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the TH1 response and is highly expressed in the islets and pancreatic lymph nodes of non-obese diabetic mice before the onset of diabetes. In humans, typing of the +1239A/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'UTR of the Opn gene (SPP1) showed that +1239C carriers displayed higher Opn serum levels than +1239A homozygotes and a higher risk of developing autoimmune/lymphoproliferative syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether +1239A/C is also associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We typed +1239A/C in an initial cohort of 184 T1DM patients and 361 controls, and confirmed our data in a second cohort of 513 patients and 857 controls. In both cohorts, +1239C carriers displayed a significantly higher risk of T1DM than +1239A homozygotes (combined cohorts: OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34–1.97). Clinical analysis did not detect any differences between patients carrying or not +1239C in terms of gender distribution and age at T1DM diagnosis. These data suggest that SPP1 variants marked by +1239C are associated with T1DM development in the Italian population. The predisposing effect may depend on its effect on Opn levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - G. D'Annunzio
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - R. Lorini
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - R. Ravazzolo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gaslini Institute-IRCCS, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | | | - M. Martinetti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Center Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - V. Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatric Sciences University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - F. Cerutti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G. Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D. Larizza
- Department of Pediatric Sciences University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
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Larizza C, Bellazzi R, Stefanelli M, Ferrari P, De Cata P, Gazzaruso C, Fratino P, D'Annunzio G, Hernando E, Gomez EJ. The M2DM Project--the experience of two Italian clinical sites with clinical evaluation of a multi-access service for the management of diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Inf Med 2006; 45:79-84. [PMID: 16482375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper presents a multi-access service for the management of diabetes mellitus patients and the results of its assessment in two Italian clinical sites. METHODS The service was evaluated for one year in order to prove the advantages of these kind of systems from different points of view. In this paper the clinical, usability and technical outcomes are presented. RESULTS The evaluation results show that, thanks to the high flexibility of the implemented service, the telemedicine management of diabetes patients is feasible, well accepted by patients and clinically effective. However, in Italy the problem of quantifying the reimbursement rate of telematic services and the impact they have on the organization are factors that may hamper their introduction in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation study showed that the telemedicine intervention has been satisfactory both for physicians because it allows to constantly monitor the patients' blood glucose level and for patients because it strengthens their motivation to self-monitor the metabolic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larizza
- Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavi, Italy.
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15
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Pupilli C, Antonelli A, Iughetti L, D'Annunzio G, Cotellessa M, Vanelli M, Okamoto H, Lorini R, Ferrannini E. Anti-CD38 autoimmunity in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18:1417-23. [PMID: 16459468 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2005.18.12.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test for anti-CD38 autoimmunity in children with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). METHODS Serum anti-CD38 autoantibodies were detected by Western blot in 270 children (130 girls, 140 boys, mean age 8 +/- 4 years) with newly-diagnosed DM1 and 179 gender- and age-matched non-diabetic children. In 126 diabetic children, another blood sample was obtained 15 +/- 4 months after the diagnosis. RESULTS Anti-CD38 autoantibody titers at least 3 SD above the mean value for the control group were found in 4.4% of children with DM1 vs 0.6% of controls (chi2 = 5.8, p <0.016). No statistical differences were observed between anti-CD38 positive and negative patients in terms of phenotype. At follow-up, of six diabetic children who were positive for anti-CD38 antibodies, two were new cases. A positive correlation was found between the antibody titer of diabetic sera at diagnosis and follow up (r = 0.46, p <0.0001). CONCLUSION An autoimmune reaction against CD38, a protein expressed in human islets, is associated with newly-diagnosed DM1. In children with DM1, CD38 autoimmunity increases with time and persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pupilli
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi and University of Florence, Italy
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Gazzaruso C, Garzaniti A, Buscaglia P, D'Annunzio G, Porta A, Vandelli G, Lorini R, Finardi G, Fratino P, Geroldi D. Lipoprotein(a) levels and apolipoprotein(a) polymorphism in type 1 diabetes mellitus: relationships to microvascular and neurological complications. Acta Diabetol 1998; 35:13-8. [PMID: 9625284 DOI: 10.1007/s005920050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] polymorphism in relation to the presence of microvascular and neurological complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 118 young diabetic patients and 127 age-matched controls were recruited. Lp(a) levels were higher in patients than in controls, but the apo(a) isoforms distribution did not differ between the two groups [higher prevalence of isoforms of high relative molecular mass (RMM) in both groups]. Microalbuminuric patients had Lp(a) levels significantly greater than normoalbuminuric patients, and normoalbuminuric patients showed higher Lp(a) levels than controls. Patients with retinopathy or neuropathy showed similar Lp(a) levels to those without retinopathy or neuropathy. No differences in apo(a) isoforms frequencies were observed between subgroups with and without complications (higher prevalence of isoforms of high RMM in every subgroup). However, among patients with retinopathy, those with proliferative retinopathy had higher Lp(a) levels and a different apo(a) isoforms distribution (higher prevalence of isoforms of low RMM) than those with non-proliferative and background retinopathy (higher prevalence of isoforms of high RMM). Our data suggest that young type 1 diabetic patients without microalbuminuria have Lp(a) levels higher than healthy subjects of the same age. Lp(a) levels are further increased in microalbuminuric patients. High Lp(a) levels and apo(a) isoforms of low RMM seem to be associated with the presence of proliferative retinopathy, but have no relation to neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gazzaruso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
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Moglia A, Lorini R, D'Annunzio G, Lanzi G, Berardinelli A, Zandrini C. Clinical and neurophysiological study in diabetic children and adolescents. Funct Neurol 1994; 9:75-82. [PMID: 7926890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated 82 unselected insulin dependent diabetes mellitus children and adolescents by clinical and electrophysiological evaluation to assess the frequency of diabetic neuropathy and to relate the results to age and height of patients, duration of illness and degree of metabolic control. Clinical abnormalities were found in about 1/3 of patients: these signs of diabetic neuropathy were related to the age and the duration of diabetes but not to the degree of metabolic control. Neurophysiological study showed alterations, especially of sensory nerve conduction. These results were seen to be related to height and age of patients and duration of illness but not to the degree of metabolic control, probably due to the young age of the patients. Our study confirms that diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous disorder that may be caused by the interaction of host susceptibility and vascular, metabolic and perhaps environmental components also in diabetic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moglia
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry-C. Mondino Institute, Pavia, Italy
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Garancini P, Lorini R, Pastore MR, D'Annunzio G, Sergi A, Gallus G. Relevance of HLA-DR phenotype and breast-feeding status in age heterogeneity at IDDM onset. Diabetes Care 1993; 16:405-6. [PMID: 8422828 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.16.1.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary education in inducing modification of the diet and to measure biochemical parameters in 36 children and adolescents with IDDM. At the beginning of the study, each patient was evaluated as follows: food intake (by the method of the 24-h recall for 3 days), auxological parameters, biochemical parameters. Thereafter a program of nutritional guidelines was provided. Subsequent meetings took place at 1-month-intervals. The study ended 3 months later, when all the parameters were completely revalued. We observed improved nutrition in our patients both in terms of total caloric intake and calorie distribution. In particular there was an increase in carbohydrates and a reduction in lipids, reaching the percentage levels recently recommended. With a reduction in lipid intake a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol were noticed in our patients. These modifications are very important for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and thus macrovascular disease. We maintain that dietary education plays an important role in helping children and adolescents with IDDM to follow a suitable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lorini
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Pavia, Italy
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