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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Kazemioula G, Mohammadi M, Hosseini M, Razaghi Bahabadi Z, Mirazimi MS, Abadi MHJN, Shahini A, Afshari M, Mirzaei H. Long non-coding RNAs and melanoma: From diagnosis to therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154232. [PMID: 36528985 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extremely rare, malignant melanoma is the deadliest type of skin malignancy with the inherent capability to invade other organs and metastasize to distant tissues. In 2021, it was estimated that approximately 106,110 patients may have received the diagnosis of melanoma, with a mortality rate of 7180. Surgery remains the common choice for treatment in patients with melanoma. Despite many advances in the treatment of melanoma, some patients, such as those who have received cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and immunotherapic agents, a significant number of patients may show inadequate treatment response following initiating these treatments. Non-coding RNAs, including lncRNAs, have become recently popular and attracted the attention of many researchers to make new insights into the pathogenesis of many diseases, particularly malignancies. LncRNAs have been thoroughly investigated in multiple cancers such as melanoma and have been shown to play a major role in regulating various physiological and pathological cellular processes. Considering their core regulatory function, these non-coding RNAs may be appropriate candidates for melanoma patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this review, we will cover all the current literature available for lncRNAs in melanoma and will discuss their potential benefits as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers or potent therapeutic targets in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Golnesa Kazemioula
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirazimi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynocology,Isfahan School of Medicine,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Afshari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Kazemioula G, Golestani S, Alavi SMA, Taheri F, Gheshlagh RG, Lotfalizadeh MH. Prevalence of self-medication during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1041695. [PMID: 36408026 PMCID: PMC9669079 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel and quarantine measures made people turn to self-medication (SM) to control the symptoms of their diseases. Different studies were conducted worldwide on different populations, and their results were different. Therefore, this global systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched without a time limit. All eligible observational articles that reported self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Fifty-six eligible studies were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of self-medication was 48.6% (95% CI: 42.8-54.3). The highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was in Asia (53%; 95% CI: 45-61) and Europe (40.8%; 95% CI: 35-46.8). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of self-medication was related to students (54.5; 95% CI: 40.8-68.3) and healthcare workers (32.5%; 16-49). The prevalence of self-medication in the general population (48.8%; 40.6-57) and in patients with COVID-19 (41.7%; 25.5-58). The prevalence of self-medication was higher in studies that collected data in 2021 than in 2020 (51.2 vs. 48%). Publication bias was not significant (p = 0.320). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, self-medication was highly prevalent, so nearly half of the people self-medicated. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide public education to control the consequences of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnesa Kazemioula
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Forough Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Lotfalizadeh
- Board Certificate Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (NKUMS), Bojnurd, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Hassan Lotfalizadeh
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