1
|
Adamczyk AM, Leicaj ML, Fabiano MP, Cabrerizo G, Bannoud N, Croci DO, Witwer KW, Remes Lenicov F, Ostrowski M, Pérez PS. Extracellular vesicles from human plasma dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair functions in macrophages. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12331. [PMID: 37272889 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation is a vital defence response to infection, if left uncontrolled, it can lead to pathology. Macrophages are critical players both in driving the inflammatory response and in the subsequent events required for restoring tissue homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures released by cells that mediate intercellular communication and are present in all biological fluids, including blood. Herein, we show that extracellular vesicles from plasma (pEVs) play a relevant role in the control of inflammation by counteracting PAMP-induced macrophage activation. Indeed, pEV-treatment of macrophages simultaneously with or prior to PAMP exposure reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α and increased IL-10 response. This anti-inflammatory activity was associated with the promotion of tissue-repair functions in macrophages, characterized by augmented efferocytosis and pro-angiogenic capacity, and increased expression of VEGFa, CD300e, RGS2 and CD93, genes involved in cell growth and tissue remodelling. We also show that simultaneous stimulation of macrophages with a PAMP and pEVs promoted COX2 expression and CREB phosphorylation as well as the accumulation of higher concentrations of PGE2 in cell culture supernatants. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory activity of pEVs was abolished if cells were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of COX2, indicating that pEV-mediated induction of COX2 is critical for the pEV-mediated inhibition of inflammation. Finally, we show that pEVs added to monocytes prior to their M-CSF-induced differentiation to macrophages increased efferocytosis and diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to PAMP stimulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that pEVs are endogenous homeostatic modulators of macrophages, activating the PGE2/CREB pathway, decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting tissue repair functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Adamczyk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luz Leicaj
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Paula Fabiano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Bannoud
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología y Biología Vascular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Ostrowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Soledad Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Diego Garcia F, Cabrerizo G, Paletta A, Prez PS, Varese A, Geffner J, Bello N, Fridman V, Stecher D, Ceballos A, Remes Lenicov F. Resistance to Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Monocyte Activation During Chronic HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:423-433. [PMID: 36482781 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte activation is a driver of inflammation in the course of chronic HIV infection. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to mediate anti-inflammatory effects, notably the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) production by monocytes. We aim to investigate the effects of PGE2 on activation of monocytes in chronic HIV infection and the mechanisms through which PGE2 modulates their inflammatory signature. METHODS We recruited a group of people with HIV (PWH) and matched healthy uninfected persons. We compared plasma levels of PGE2, monocyte activation, and sensitivity of monocytes to the inhibitory actions mediated by PGE2. RESULTS We found increased plasma levels of PGE2 in PWH, and an activated phenotype in circulating monocytes, compared with uninfected individuals. Monocytes from PWH showed a significant resistance to the inhibitory actions mediated by PGE2; the concentration of PGE2 able to inhibit 50 of the production of TNF- by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was 10 times higher in PWH compared with uninfected controls. Furthermore, the expression of phosphodiesterase 4B, a negative regulator of PGE2 activity, was significantly increased in monocytes from PWH. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to the inhibitory actions mediated by PGE2 could account, at least in part, for the inflammatory profile of circulating monocytes in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Di Diego Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula S Prez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Bello
- Divisin Infectologa, Hospital de Clnicas Jos de San Martn, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Fridman
- Divisin Infectologa, Hospital de Clnicas Jos de San Martn, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Stecher
- Divisin Infectologa, Hospital de Clnicas Jos de San Martn, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomdicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paletta A, Di Diego García F, Varese A, Erra Diaz F, García J, Cisneros JC, Ludueña G, Mazzitelli I, Pisarevsky A, Cabrerizo G, López Malizia Á, Rodriguez AG, Lista N, Longueira Y, Sabatté J, Geffner J, Remes Lenicov F, Ceballos A. Platelets modulate CD4 + T Cell function in Covid-19 Through A PD-L1 Dependent Mechanism. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:283-292. [PMID: 35076084 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is associated with a systemic inflammatory response and progressive CD4+ T cell lymphopenia and dysfunction. We evaluated whether platelets might contribute to CD4+ T cell dysfunction in COVID-19. We observed a high frequency of CD4+ T cell-platelet aggregates in COVID-19 inpatients that inversely correlated with lymphocyte counts. Platelets from COVID-19 inpatients but not from healthy donors (HD) inhibited the up-regulation of CD25 expression and TNF-α production by CD4+ T cells. In addition, IFN-γ production was increased by platelets from HD but not from COVID-19 inpatients. A high expression of PD-L1 was found in platelets from COVID-19 patients to be inversely correlated with IFN-γ production by activated CD4+ T cells co-cultured with platelets. We also found that a PD-L1 blocking antibody significantly restored platelet-ability to stimulate IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. Our study suggests that platelets might contribute to disease progression in COVID-19 not only by promoting thrombotic and inflammatory events, but also by affecting CD4+ T cells functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Di Diego García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Erra Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián García
- División C, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Francisco Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Cisneros
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Francisco Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Ludueña
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pisarevsky
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Álvaro López Malizia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Rodriguez
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Francisco Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Lista
- Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Francisco Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yesica Longueira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Sabatté
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varese A, Dantas E, Paletta A, Fitzgerald W, Di Diego García F, Cabrerizo G, Erra Diaz F, Defelipe LA, Pallares H, Dodes Traian M, Gamarnik A, Geffner J, Remes Lenicov F, Margolis L, Ceballos A. Extracellular acidosis enhances Zika virus infection both in human cells and ex-vivo tissue cultures from female reproductive tract. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1169-1179. [PMID: 34013833 PMCID: PMC8205022 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1932606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, but unlike other flaviviruses, ZIKV can be sexually transmitted by vaginal intercourse. The healthy vaginal pH ranges from 4.0 to 6.0, reaching values of 6.0-7.0 after semen deposition. Here, we report that low extracellular pH values (range 6.2-6.6) dramatically increase ZIKV infection on cell lines of different origin including some derived from the female genital tract and monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, low pH significantly increased ZIKV infection of human ectocervix and endocervix cultured ex-vivo. Enhancement of infection by low pH was also observed using different ZIKV strains and distinct methods to evaluate viral infection, i.e. plaque assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of the mechanisms involved revealed that the enhancement of ZIKV infection induced by low pH was associated with increased binding of the viral particles to the heparan sulphate expressed on the target cell surface. Acidosis represents a critical but generally overlooked feature of the female genital tract, with major implications for sexual transmission diseases. Our results suggest that low vaginal pH might promote male-to-female transmission of ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Dantas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Paletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Di Diego García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Erra Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Defelipe
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Pallares
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Dodes Traian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fuchs Wightman F, Godoy Herz MA, Muñoz JC, Stigliano JN, Bragado L, Moreno NN, Palavecino M, Servi L, Cabrerizo G, Clemente J, Avaro M, Pontoriero A, Benedetti E, Baumeister E, Rudolf F, Remes Lenicov F, Garcia C, Buggiano V, Kornblihtt AR, Srebrow A, de la Mata M, Muñoz MJ, Schor IE, Petrillo E. A DNA intercalating dye-based RT-qPCR alternative to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2218-2225. [PMID: 33966602 PMCID: PMC8174584 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1926648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proven crucial during the efforts to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several diagnostic methods have emerged in the past few months, each with different shortcomings and limitations. The current gold standard, RT-qPCR using fluorescent probes, relies on demanding equipment requirements plus the high costs of the probes and specific reaction mixes. To broaden the possibilities of reagents and thermocyclers that could be allocated towards this task, we have optimized an alternative strategy for RT-qPCR diagnosis. This is based on a widely used DNA-intercalating dye and can be implemented with several different qPCR reagents and instruments. Remarkably, the proposed qPCR method performs similarly to the broadly used TaqMan-based detection, in terms of specificity and sensitivity, thus representing a reliable tool. We think that, through enabling the use of vast range of thermocycler models and laboratory facilities for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, the alternative proposed here can increase dramatically the testing capability, especially in countries with limited access to costly technology and reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fuchs Wightman
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Godoy Herz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José N Stigliano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laureano Bragado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Nieto Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Palavecino
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Servi
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Clemente
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Avaro
- National Influenza Centre PAHO/WHO, Servicio Virosis Respiratorias, Departamento Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pontoriero
- National Influenza Centre PAHO/WHO, Servicio Virosis Respiratorias, Departamento Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Benedetti
- National Influenza Centre PAHO/WHO, Servicio Virosis Respiratorias, Departamento Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- National Influenza Centre PAHO/WHO, Servicio Virosis Respiratorias, Departamento Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabian Rudolf
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales- IQUIBICEN, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Buggiano
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabella Srebrow
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E Schor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación en Patologías Pediátricas (IMIPP), CONICET - GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|