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Mishra A, Dongre S, Kulkarni G, Deshmane R, Thappa D, Ghade N, Lona J, Kokatam S, Deo A, Sonar S, Krishnan A. Comparative assessment of immunogenicity of recombinant insulin Aspart from BioGenomics and its originator NovoRapid® in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02263-5. [PMID: 38147290 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the immunogenicity of recombinant Insulin Aspart [manufactured by BioGenomics Limited (BGL-ASP)] with its originator NovoRapid® (manufactured by Novo Nordisk) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS BGL-IA-CTP301 study was a randomized, open label, parallel group, multicenter phase-III clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant Insulin Aspart 100 U/mL [manufactured by BioGenomics Limited (BGL-ASP)] with its reference medicinal product (RMP); NovoRapid® [manufactured by Novo Nordisk], in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The primary objective of the study was to compare the immunogenicity of BGL-ASP and RMP; NovoRapid® in patient serum samples collected from phase-III clinical study. Immunogenicity was studied as the incidence of patients positive for anti-insulin Aspart (AIA) antibodies, developed against BGL-ASP/RMP at baseline, end of 12 week and end of 24 week of the treatment period. The changes in incidence of patients positive for AIA antibodies post-baseline were also studied to assess and compare the treatment-emergent antibody response (TEAR) between the treatment groups (BGL-ASP and RMP). Statistical evaluation was done by Fisher's exact test to compare the overall incidence of patients positive for AIA antibodies and the TEAR positives observed post-baseline in both the treated groups. An in-vitro neutralizing antibody assay (Nab assay) was also performed to study the effect of AIA antibodies in neutralizing the biological activity/metabolic function of the insulin. The neutralizing potential of AIA was studied by its effect on %glucose uptake. We also evaluated the association between AIA antibody levels and its impact on biological activity by studying the correlation between them. RESULTS Analysis of immunogenicity data suggested that the percentage of patients positive for AIA antibodies until week 24 was similar and comparable in both the treatment groups, BGL-ASP and RMP; NovoRapid®. The changes in incidence of patients positive for AIA post-baseline in terms of TEAR positives were also similar and comparable between the treatment groups. The results of the Nab assay with confirmed positive AIA samples from BGL-ASP- and RMP-treated groups did not have any negative impact on %glucose uptake by the cells in Nab assay, confirming the absence of neutralizing antibodies in both the treatment groups. The correlation studies also showed absence of association between AIA antibody levels and percentage glucose uptake in both BGL-ASP and RMP-NovoRapid® treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The immunogenicity assessment based on the overall incidence of patients positive for AIA, changes in incidence of patients positive for AIA post-baseline, TEAR rates and absence of neutralizing antibodies, were found to be apparently similar and comparable in both the treatment groups (BGL-ASP and RMP). We conclude from our studies that the immunogenicity of BGL-ASP is similar and comparable to RMP and the observed immunogenicity in terms of anti-insulin Aspart antibody levels had no impact on the biological activity of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - N Ghade
- BioGenomics Ltd, Thane, India
| | - J Lona
- BioGenomics Ltd, Thane, India
| | | | - A Deo
- BioGenomics Ltd, Thane, India
| | - S Sonar
- BioGenomics Ltd, Thane, India
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Kulkarni PS, Kadam A, Godbole S, Bhatt V, Raut A, Kohli S, Tripathi S, Kulkarni P, Ludam R, Prabhu M, Bavdekar A, Gogtay NJ, Meshram S, Kadhiravan T, Kar S, Narayana DA, Samuel C, Kulkarni G, Gaidhane A, Sathyapalan D, Raut S, Hadda V, Bhalla HL, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Plested JS, Cloney-Clarke S, Zhu M, Pryor M, Hamilton S, Thakar M, Shete A, Gautam M, Gupta N, Panda S, Shaligram U, Poonawalla CS, Bhargava B, Gunale B, Kapse D, Kakrani AL, Tripathy SP, Tilak AV, Dhamne AA, Mirza SB, Athavale PV, Bhowmik M, Ratnakar PJ, Gupta S, Deotale V, Jain J, Kalantri A, Jain V, Goyal N, Arya A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dasgupta S, Periera P, A V, Kawade A, Gondhali A, Kudyar P, Singh A, Yadav R, Alexander A, Gunasekaran V, Dineshbabu S, Samantaray P, Ravish H, Kamra D, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Moni M, Kumar A, Dravid A, Mohan A, Suri T, Patel TK, Kishore S, Choche R, Ghatage D, Salvi S. Safety and immunogenicity of SII-NVX-CoV2373 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in a phase 2/3, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 10:100139. [PMID: 36647543 PMCID: PMC9833646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background NVX-CoV2373, a Covid-19 vaccine was developed in the USA with ∼90% efficacy. The same vaccine is manufactured in India after technology transfer (called as SII-NVX-CoV2373), was evaluated in this phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study. Methods This was an observer-blind, randomised, phase 2/3 study in 1600 adults. In phase 2, 200 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-NVX-CoV2373 or placebo. In phase 3, 1400 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-NVX-CoV2373 or NVX-CoV2373 (940 safety cohort and 460 immunogenicity cohort). Two doses of study products (SII-NVX-CoV2373, NVX-CoV2373 or placebo) were given 3 weeks apart. Primary objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority of SII-NVX-CoV2373 to NVX-CoV2373 in terms of geometric mean ELISA units (GMEU) ratio of anti-S IgG antibodies 14 days after the second dose (day 36) and to determine the incidence of causally related serious adverse events (SAEs) through 180 days after the first dose. Anti-S IgG response was assessed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were assessed by a microneutralization assay using wild type SARS CoV-2 in participants from the immunogenicity cohort at baseline, day 22, day 36 and day 180. Cell mediated immune (CMI) response was assessed in a subset of 28 participants from immunogenicity cohort by ELISpot assay at baseline, day 36 and day 180. The total follow-up was for 6 months. Trial registration: CTRI/2021/02/031554. Findings Total 1596 participants (200 in Phase 2 and 1396 in Phase 3) received the first dose. SII-NVX-CoV2373 was found non-inferior to NVX-CoV2373 (anti-S IgG antibodies GMEU ratio 0.91; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.06). At day 36, there was more than 58-fold rise in anti-S IgG and nAb titers compared to baseline in both the groups. On day 180 visit, these antibody titers declined to levels slightly lower than those after the first dose (13-22 fold-rise above baseline). Incidence of unsolicited and solicited AEs was similar between the SII-NVX-CoV2373 and NVX-CoV2373 groups. No adverse event of special interest (AESI) was reported. No causally related SAE was reported. Interpretation SII-NVX-CoV2373 induced a non-inferior immune response compared to NVX-CoV2373 and has acceptable safety profile. Funding SIIPL, Indian Council of Medical Research, Novavax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad S. Kulkarni
- Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Pune, India,Corresponding author: Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd, Poonawalla Biotechnology Park SEZ, Manjari (Bk), Pune, 412307, India
| | - Abhijit Kadam
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Sheela Godbole
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Bhatt
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Abhishek Raut
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rakhi Ludam
- Institution of Medical Science and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Madhav Prabhu
- KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgavi, India
| | | | | | | | - Tamilarasu Kadhiravan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sonali Kar
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital and Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (M), Wardha, India
| | | | | | - Vijay Hadda
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Melinda Pryor
- 360biolabs, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Madhuri Thakar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Ashwini Shete
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Komble SP, Kulkarni G, Dhamangaonkar P, Sewatkar C. Mathematical modeling of drying characteristics for cylindrical
Thompson
seedless grapes under natural convection. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Prabhakar Komble
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Govind Kulkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Nigdi, Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Pradyumna Dhamangaonkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
| | - Chandrashekhar Sewatkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering and Research, Avasari, Pune, S. P. Pune University Pune India
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Alreshaid L, El-Badrawy W, Kulkarni G, Santos MJ, Prakki A. Resin Composite Versus Amalgam Restorations Placed in United States Dental Schools. Oper Dent 2023; 48:21-32. [PMID: 36472481 DOI: 10.2341/22-007-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the latest teaching policies for posterior resin composite placement versus amalgam and to determine the actual numbers of posterior resin composites versus amalgam restorations placed in American dental schools from 2008 to 2018. METHODS Emails were sent to the deans of all 66 dental schools in the United States to collect data in the forms of: 1) Questionnaire on current teaching policies of posterior composite and amalgam restorations; and 2) Data entry form to collect the actual numbers of posterior composite and amalgam restorations placed in their clinics. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize ratios of posterior restorations. Inferential analysis (chi-square test and z-test) was employed to compare posterior restoration proportions over time and within each year. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS For the teaching questionnaire, the response rate was 52% (n=34). Seventy-six per cent of the responding schools reported that they assign 50% or more of their preclinical restorative teaching time towards posterior resin composite placement, while 50% of the responding schools devoted 25% or less towards amalgam teaching. Data entry response rate was 26% (n=17). In 2008, amalgam and resin composite restorations were placed almost equally. However, resin composite restorations were placed significantly more frequently from 2009 onwards in all responding schools. The results revealed a significant ongoing increasing trend in placing posterior resin composites in all responding schools over time (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Data analysis revealed a clear trend towards an increase in posterior resin composite restoration placement and a decrease in the number of amalgam restorations. However, the time assigned for posterior resin composite teaching is not aligned with quantity of restorations placed. Review and adjustment of the time allocated for teaching and training of each material are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alreshaid
- Lulwah Alreshaid, BDS, PhD candidate, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6 ON, Canada; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W El-Badrawy
- Wafa El-Badrawy, BDS, MSc, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Kulkarni
- Gajanan Kulkarni, BDS, LLB, MSc, DDS, Dip Paed, PhD, FRCD (C), Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M J Santos
- Maria Jacinta Santos, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A Prakki
- *Anuradha Prakki, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kulkarni G, Elliott Z, Hammond T. P-153 COMPARING MESH RELATED SENSATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING AWR USING SYNTHETIC VERSUS BIOSYNTHETIC MESH USING STANDARDIZED PROMS. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To compare QualityOfLife (QoL) outcomes amongst patients undergoing elective Open abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) with Synthetic Mesh versus Biosynthetic mesh, using Carolinas Comfort scale and EuraHS QOL questionnaires.
Material and Methods
This is a retrospective study with longitudinal prospective extension for serial administration of questionnaires at specific intervals, focusing on patients having undergone AWR within last 4 years by a two-operator team of same AWR surgeon and Plastic surgeon. 4 groups of patients compared based on less than / more than six months from time of surgery using either biosynthetic or synthetic mesh.
The rationale behind it is based on characteristics of the biosynthetic mesh data showing complete disappearance by 6 months time and replacement by a scaffolding tissue as a ingrown matrix and collagen. Decision of type of mesh was governed by patient characteristics.
Results
15 patients in each group (total 60 patients) included by consecutive retrospective enrollment. We excluded those who had further abdominal surgery since. Preliminary data showing reduced mesh related sensation in favour of patients with biosynthetic mesh repair more than six months ago. Since few of those patients have still not completed their six months post operative period yet, formal statistics are not included in abstract. They shall be available in time for EHS meeting, analysed to recognise differences if any regarding mesh related questions using variance, correlation and descriptive statistics.
Conclusions
This outcomes will provide a review of current surgical practises and meshes, helping surgeons & patients make better informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kulkarni
- Abdominal wall reconstruction fellow, Broomfield hospital , Essex , United Kingdom
| | - Z Elliott
- FY2 trainee, Broomfield hospital , Essex , United Kingdom
| | - T Hammond
- Consultant surgeon, Broomfield hospital , Essex , United Kingdom
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Porag R, Kulkarni G. 246 A Case Report on Bilateral Spontaneous Carotico-Cavernous Fistula with Literature Review. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
CCF is an abnormal vascular communication that allows blood to either directly or indirectly flow from the carotid arteries to the cavernous sinus. We present a rare case of spontaneous bilateral direct CCF. Coil embolization is a very effective treatment for CCF.
Case report
86-year-old lady presented in ED with two weeks history of progressive painful, swollen right eye & drooping of eyelid with double vison in left eye. Patient also had a history of intermittent headache and had pulsatile tinnitus in right ear. There was no history of head or eye trauma. On examination, the lady had proptosis, chemosis and restricted movement in right eye, 3rd nerve palsy in left eye. Corrected vision +0.3 in right eye, +0.1 in left eye. Pupils were bilaterally sluggish, there was no relative afferent pupillary defect.
CTA showed bilateral direct CCF along with dilated superior ophthalmic veins on both sides (L>R). No other associated or underlying pathologies were seen.
She was started on oral Acetazolamide, Travoprost and Brimonidine topically. Patient was urgently referred to neurosurgery department and Coil embolization of her CCF was done successfully the following day.
Eye casualty review was done day after her coil embolization. IOP pressure was decreased to normal limits -12 RE and 8 LE. Although her VA was slightly down compared to her preoperative visit, her other symptoms were improving.
Six months later her vision has returned to normal.
Conclusions
Bilateral spontaneous CCF is a rare entity.
Early diagnosis and treatment lead to successful outcomes.
Neuro-radiological intervention is an effective treatment in acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Porag
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - G. Kulkarni
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Goldberg H, Mohsin F, Saskin R, Kulkarni G, Berlin A, Kenk M, Wallis C, Chandeasekar T, Klaassen Z, Saarela O, Penn L, Shabbir A, Fleshner N. The deleterious association between proton pump inhibitors and prostate cancer-specific death – a population-based cohort study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Al-ezzi E, Veitch Z, Salah S, Van der Kwast T, Stockley T, Malone E, Sridhar S, Sacher A, Fallah-rad N, Kulkarni G, Zlotta A, Finelli A, Hansen A. Genomic characterization of non-schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma (NSR-SCC) of the urinary bladder: A retrospective study of potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz249.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ajib K, Tjong M, Lunsky I, Tan G, Nason G, Erlich A, Manjula M, Sridhar S, Fleshner N, Zlotta A, Berlin A, Chung P, Kulkarni G. Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on bladder recurrences in patients managed with trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(19)31532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matthew A, Lutzky-Cohen N, Jamnicky L, Currie K, Gentile A, Mina DS, Fleshner N, Finelli A, Hamilton R, Kulkarni G, Jewett M, Zlotta A, Trachtenberg J, Yang Z, Elterman D. The Prostate Cancer Rehabilitation Clinic: a biopsychosocial clinic for sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:393-402. [PMID: 30607114 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The most prevalent intervention for localized prostate cancer (pca) is radical prostatectomy (rp), which has a 10-year relative survival rate of more than 90%. The improved survival rate has led to a focus on reducing the burden of treatment-related morbidity and improving the patient and partner survivorship experience. Post-rp sexual dysfunction (sdf) has received significant attention, given its substantial effect on patient and partner health-related quality of life. Accordingly, there is a need for sdf treatment to be a fundamental component of pca survivorship programming. Methods Most research about the treatment of post-rp sdf involves biomedical interventions for erectile dysfunction (ed). Although findings support the effectiveness of pro-erectile agents and devices, most patients discontinue use of such aids within 1 year after their rp. Because side effects of pro-erectile treatment have proved to be inadequate in explaining the gap between efficacy and ongoing use, current research focuses on a biopsychosocial perspective of ed. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of literature describing the components of a biopsychosocial program designed for the post-rp population and their partners. Results In this paper, we detail the development of the Prostate Cancer Rehabilitation Clinic (pcrc), which emphasizes multidisciplinary intervention teams, active participation by the partner, and a broad-spectrum medical, psychological, and interpersonal approach. Conclusions The goal of the pcrc is to help patients and their partners achieve optimal sexual health and couple intimacy after rp, and to help design cost-effective and beneficial rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matthew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - N Lutzky-Cohen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - L Jamnicky
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - K Currie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - A Gentile
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - D Santa Mina
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - N Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - A Finelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - R Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - G Kulkarni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - M Jewett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - A Zlotta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - J Trachtenberg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - D Elterman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
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Krakowsky Y, Ferrara S, Kulkarni G, Grober E. 216 Active Surveillance for Low Risk Prostate Cancer in a Trans Female- a Case Study and Knowledge Gap. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ricci JN, Morton R, Kulkarni G, Summers ML, Newman DK. Hopanoids play a role in stress tolerance and nutrient storage in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Geobiology 2017; 15:173-183. [PMID: 27527874 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hopanes are abundant in ancient sedimentary rocks at discrete intervals in Earth history, yet interpreting their significance in the geologic record is complicated by our incomplete knowledge of what their progenitors, hopanoids, do in modern cells. To date, few studies have addressed the breadth of diversity of physiological functions of these lipids and whether those functions are conserved across the hopanoid-producing bacterial phyla. Here, we generated mutants in the filamentous cyanobacterium, Nostoc punctiforme, that are unable to make all hopanoids (shc) or 2-methylhopanoids (hpnP). While the absence of hopanoids impedes growth of vegetative cells at high temperature, the shc mutant grows faster at low temperature. This finding is consistent with hopanoids acting as membrane rigidifiers, a function shared by other hopanoid-producing phyla. Apart from impacting fitness under temperature stress, hopanoids are dispensable for vegetative cells under other stress conditions. However, hopanoids are required for stress tolerance in akinetes, a resting survival cell type. While 2-methylated hopanoids do not appear to contribute to any stress phenotype, total hopanoids and to a lesser extent 2-methylhopanoids were found to promote the formation of cyanophycin granules in akinetes. Finally, although hopanoids support symbiotic interactions between Alphaproteobacteria and plants, they do not appear to facilitate symbiosis between N. punctiforme and the hornwort Anthoceros punctatus. Collectively, these findings support interpreting hopanes as general environmental stress biomarkers. If hopanoid-mediated enhancement of nitrogen-rich storage products turns out to be a conserved phenomenon in other organisms, a better understanding of this relationship may help us parse the enrichment of 2-methylhopanes in the rock record during episodes of disrupted nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Ricci
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - R Morton
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - G Kulkarni
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M L Summers
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - D K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Wu CH, Kong L, Bialecka-Fornal M, Park S, Thompson AL, Kulkarni G, Conway SJ, Newman DK. Quantitative hopanoid analysis enables robust pattern detection and comparison between laboratories. Geobiology 2015; 13:391-407. [PMID: 25865768 PMCID: PMC4676935 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hopanoids are steroid-like lipids from the isoprenoid family that are produced primarily by bacteria. Hopanes, molecular fossils of hopanoids, offer the potential to provide insight into environmental transitions on the early Earth, if their sources and biological functions can be constrained. Semiquantitative methods for mass spectrometric analysis of hopanoids from cultures and environmental samples have been developed in the last two decades. However, the structural diversity of hopanoids, and possible variability in their ionization efficiencies on different instruments, have thus far precluded robust quantification and hindered comparison of results between laboratories. These ionization inconsistencies give rise to the need to calibrate individual instruments with purified hopanoids to reliably quantify hopanoids. Here, we present new approaches to obtain both purified and synthetic quantification standards. We optimized 2-methylhopanoid production in Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 and purified 2Me-diplopterol, 2Me-bacteriohopanetetrol (2Me-BHT), and their unmethylated species (diplopterol and BHT). We found that 2-methylation decreases the signal intensity of diplopterol between 2 and 34% depending on the instrument used to detect it, but decreases the BHT signal less than 5%. In addition, 2Me-diplopterol produces 10× higher ion counts than equivalent quantities of 2Me-BHT. Similar deviations were also observed using a flame ionization detector for signal quantification in GC. In LC-MS, however, 2Me-BHT produces 11× higher ion counts than 2Me-diplopterol but only 1.2× higher ion counts than the sterol standard pregnane acetate. To further improve quantification, we synthesized tetradeuterated (D4) diplopterol, a precursor for a variety of hopanoids. LC-MS analysis on a mixture of (D4)-diplopterol and phospholipids showed that under the influence of co-eluted phospholipids, the D4-diplopterol internal standard quantifies diplopterol more accurately than external diplopterol standards. These new quantitative approaches permit meaningful comparisons between studies, allowing more accurate hopanoid pattern detection in both laboratory and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Wu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - L Kong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Bialecka-Fornal
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Park
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Kulkarni
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S J Conway
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Jasper A, Harshe G, Keshava SN, Kulkarni G, Stephen E, Agarwal S. Evaluation of normal abdominal aortic diameters in the Indian population using computed tomography. J Postgrad Med 2015; 60:57-60. [PMID: 24625941 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.128813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish normal diameters for the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels in the Indian population and to study the variation in aortic diameters with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-two patients who underwent helical contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen for non-cardiovascular reasons were recruited.. The mean internal diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta (maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameter) were measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels and tabulated according to various age groups for both men and women. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between aortic diameters, height, weight, BSA, and BMI. RESULTS The mean diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels, in men were 19.0 ± 2.3 and 13.8 ± 1.9 mm and in women 17.1 ± 2.3 and 12.0 ± 1.6 mm, respectively. The aortic diameter progressively increased in caliber with increasing age of the patients and was smaller in women than men. A significant positive correlation was found in men between the suprarenal and infrarenal aortic diameters and weight, BSA, and BMI. In women, this correlation was significant in the infrarenal aorta but not in the suprarenal aorta. CONCLUSION We obtained a set of normal values for the abdominal aorta in the Indian population. The aortic diameters correlated with age, gender, and body size of the patients as seen with previously published data in the Western population. A brief comparison of data between Indian and Western population showed that the values obtained were less than published elsewhere and hence, this should be considered while formulating intervention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jasper
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Kulkarni G, Rao G, Gururaj G, Subbakrishna DK, Steiner T, Stovner LJ. EHMTI-0333. The prevalence and burden of migraine in india: results of a population-based study in Karnataka state. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4180629 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-b18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Rao G, Gururaj G, Kulkarni G, Subbukrishna DK, Steiner T, Stovner L. EHMTI-0332. Health care utilisation for primary headache disorders: insights from Karnataka, India. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4181894 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-d48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wong LM, Trottier G, Toi A, Lawrentschuk N, Van der Kwast TH, Zlotta A, Kulkarni G, Hamilton R, Trachtenberg J, Evans A, Timilshina N, Fleshner NE, Finelli A. Should follow-up biopsies for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer be restricted to limited templates? Urology 2013; 82:405-9. [PMID: 23735610 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if prostate biopsy templates with fewer cores can be used during active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. METHODS At present, we use an AS protocol template (ASPT) consisting of 13-17 cores. We hypothesize in the setting of known cancer, sextant (6 cores) or standard extended (10-12 cores) templates, could be used with similar effect. We identified patients in our referral institution database (1997-2009) with entry prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/mL, stage ≤cT2, Gleason sum ≤6, ≤3 cores positive for cancer, <50% of single core involved, and age ≤75 years (N = 272). Patients fulfilling standard criteria for pathologic reclassification (N = 94) at any follow-up biopsy were selected for evaluation. By mapping tumor location on the pathologic reclassification determining biopsy, hypothetical scenarios of sextant or standard extended templates (SET) were compared with our ASPT and examined for frequency of cancer detection and pathologic reclassification. RESULTS For the 94 patients analyzed, the median number of cores taken was 9.7 (6-22) at baseline and 15 (14-17) for the reclassification biopsy. The median time between baseline and the pathologic reclassification determining biopsy was 15.4 months. Analysis of subgroupings showed that sextant template would identify 84% of cancers and 47.9% of the reclassification events, whereas SET detected 99% of cancers and 81.9% of patients who pathologically reclassified. When only considering Gleason sum ≥7 related progression events, SET found 16.2% less (n = 57) compared with ASPT (n = 68). CONCLUSION When monitoring patients on AS, a 13-17 core template detects more pathologic reclassification than standard sextant (18.1%) or extended (52.1%) biopsy templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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David L, Bhandavat R, Kulkarni G, Pahwa S, Zhong Z, Singh G. Synthesis of graphene films by rapid heating and quenching at ambient pressures and their electrochemical characterization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:546-552. [PMID: 23268553 DOI: 10.1021/am301782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the process of graphene growth on Cu and Ni substrates subjected to rapid heating (approximately 8 °C/s) and cooling cycles (approximately 10 °C/s) in a modified atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition furnace. Electron microscopy followed by Raman spectroscopy demonstrated successful synthesis of large-area few-layer graphene (FLG) films on both Cu and Ni substrates. The overall synthesis time was less than 30 min. Further, the as-synthesized films were directly utilized as anode material and their electrochemical behavior was studied in a lithium half-cell configuration. FLG on Cu (Cu-G) showed reduced lithium-intercalation capacity when compared with SLG, BLG and Bare-Cu suggesting its substrate protective nature (barrier to Li-ions). Although graphene films on Ni (Ni-G) showed better Li-cycling ability similar to that of other carbons suggesting that the presence of graphene edge planes (typical of Ni-G) is important in effective uptake and release of Li-ions in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L David
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Titley KC, Childers S, Kulkarni G. An in vitro comparison of short and long term shear bond strengths of polyacid modified composite resins to primary human and bovine enamel and dentine. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 7:246-52. [PMID: 17164070 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This in vitro study compared the shear bond strengths and fracture patterns over 7 and 180 day periods of two PMCRs bonded to both human and bovine primary tooth enamel and dentine to determine if the bovine tooth model is a suitable substitute for the human tooth model. METHODS Flattened enamel and dentine surfaces were produced using water irrigated #600 grit SiC paper and the teeth randomly placed in groups of N=10. Cylinders of Dyrat AP (Dentsply/DeTrey) or F2000 (3M/ESPE) were bonded to the surfaces that were either etched with 37% H(3)PO(4) (etch, E groups) or treated with their respective conditioners, primers and adhesives (no etch, NE groups). The teeth were stored in distilled water at 37(o)C and shear bond strength (SBS) tested to failure at either 7 (human and bovine) or 180 days (bovine). The modes of failure were assessed under a dissecting microscope at x30. RESULTS In general the results showed comparable mean SBS for both human and bovine enamel with Dyract AP, E and NE and also for F2000, E. Lower enamel SBS were recorded for F2000 NE but there was no significant differences in mean SBS for bovine enamel after long term storage. For dentine, significantly larger SBS were recorded for human versus bovine teeth for all of the four bonding protocols. There were also significant species differences, the mean SBS for Dyract AP, E and F2000, E for human dentine were higher than bovine but the mean SBS for the respective NE groups showed no significant differences between species. It was concluded that 37% H(3)PO(4) has a detrimental effect on SBS for bovine dentine. Over long term storage SBS of bovine dentine bonds decreased. The modes of failure were related to SBS with varying degrees of significance. CONCLUSION Bovine primary incisor enamel and dentine, provided the latter is not conditioned with 37% H(3)PO(4), are suitable alternative test SBS substrates for human enamel and dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Titley
- Dept Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Sharma AK, Mendki MJ, Tikar SN, Kulkarni G, Veer V, Prakash S, Shouche YS, Parashar BD. Molecular phylogenetic study of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito from different geographical regions of India using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Acta Trop 2010; 116:89-94. [PMID: 20542009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is a major vector of filariasis and various encephalitis in India and worldwide. Vector control remains the most successful strategy for the suppression of mosquito borne diseases. The genetic structure of vector populations in terms of insecticide resistance and susceptibility or refractoriness to infection may possibly vary. To exploit the genetic variability in vector population could pave the path for the alternative strategies in vector management. The sequences of ribosomal RNA molecules have been widely used for such studies. Here, we examined the molecular phylogenetic relationship among the Cx. quinquefasciatus collected from different geographical regions of India, using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene nucleotide sequences. The distances among the species were measured using Pearson correlation; the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method was used for the clustering with appropriate bootstrap values using Data Analysis in Molecular Biology and Evolution (DAMBE) software. The results revealed that the populations are genetically diverse. Based on the distance values and the tree topology on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences reflected the clear biogeographical and geoclimatic pattern among the different geographical populations from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sharma
- Entomology Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Vasudev M, Bhat M, Bharath R, Prasad C, Arvinda H, Kulkarni G, Gayathri N. Giant Axonal Neuropathy: A Pictorial Essay and Review of Literature. Neuroradiol J 2010; 23:119-25. [DOI: 10.1177/197140091002300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a neurodegenerative disorder classified within the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, affecting both the peripheral and central nervous systems. GAN typically presents in early childhood before the age of five years and progresses to death usually by early adulthood. Various imaging findings in giant axonal neuropathy have been described and documented in literature in the form multiple case reports. We here present a pictorial essay of all the major imaging GAN findings described in the literature. In addition, involvement of the dentate nucleus hitherto not described in the literature was noted in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.K. Vasudev
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M.D. Bhat
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R.D. Bharath
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C. Prasad
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Arvinda
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G. Kulkarni
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Gayathri
- Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences; Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Deshpande M, Kulkarni S, Ghormade V, Kapoor M, Chavan S, Kulkarni G, Shouche Y. Development of mycoinsecticide for the control of insect pests: comparative evaluation of Metarhizium isolates to identify strains for commercialization. N Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
A 53-year-old man presented with a 9-month history of symptoms of right-sided weakness, tingling and hypersentivity to clothes on both sides of the body. MRI revealed a large intraspinal intradural tumour at the level of C3-C4 in the cervical cord. The final histology was a solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) of the cervical spinal cord. The radiological diagnosis, surgical management and histology are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ogungbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.
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Amiri A, Noei F, Jeganathan S, Kulkarni G, Pinke DE, Lee JM. eEF1A2 activates Akt and stimulates Akt-dependent actin remodeling, invasion and migration. Oncogene 2006; 26:3027-40. [PMID: 17130842 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
eEF1A2 (eukaryotic protein elongation factor 1 alpha 2) is a protein translation factor that is likely a human oncogene by virtue of its capacity to transform mammalian cells and its high expression in tumors of the ovary, breast and lung. Here, we show that expression of eEF1A2 is sufficient to stimulate the formation of filopodia in BT549 human breast cancer cells and non-transformed Rat2 cells. Filopodia formation in eEF1A2-expressing cells is dependent on the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and the ROCK and Akt kinases. Furthermore, eEF1A2 expression is sufficient to activate Akt in a PI3K-dependent fashion and inactivation of eEF1A2 by short interfering RNA reduces Akt activity. Using breast cancer cell line BT 549, we show that eEF1A2 expression stimulates cell migration and invasion in a largely PI3K- and Akt-dependent manner. These results suggest that eEF1A2 regulates oncogenesis through Akt and PI3K-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Chawla A, Kulkarni G, Kamal K, Zini A. Microsurgical Varicocelectomy for Recurrent or Persistent Varicoceles Associated With Orchalgia. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chawla
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Kamal
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jeon RJ, Phan TD, Wu A, Kulkarni G, Abrams SH, Mandelis A. Photothermal radiometric quantitative detection of the different degrees of demineralization of dental enamel by acid etching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2005125165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ramnarayan P, Tomlinson A, Britto J, Kulkarni G. Diagnostic decision support in the ED: practical considerations. Emerg Med J 2005; 22:462. [PMID: 15911967 PMCID: PMC1726797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
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Ramnarayan P, Tomlinson A, Britto J, Kulkarni G. Diagnostic decision support in the ED: practical considerations. Emerg Med J 2005; 22:462. [PMID: 15911967 PMCID: PMC1726797 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.22780corr1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is necessary for banking germplasm from critical poultry stocks. To date, glycerol is the most effective cryoprotectant for poultry sperm; however, the contraceptive effects of glycerol require a significant reduction of the cryoprotectant from thawed semen before artificial insemination (AI). The effectiveness of glycerol reduction by dialysis, Percoll density gradient centrifugation, or washing through 12% (wt/vol) Accudenz was evaluated by fertility trials with highly inbred chicken research lines and commercial turkey lines. Semen was extended 1:1 and then diluted with glycerolized extender to yield a final 11% (vol/vol) glycerol concentration. Glycerolized rooster semen was aliquoted for control, Accudenz centrifugation, and dialysis treatments. A total of 90 pure line and 85 F1 hybrid chicken hens were each inseminated with 100 x 10(6) sperm at 7-d intervals for 4 to 6 wk. All eggs from the glycerolized control semen treatments were infertile, and fertility rates from dialyzed semen decreased steadily from 26.4 to 0% within the first 4 wk for the pure lines. In contrast, fertility rates for Accudenz-processed semen increased from 17.9 to 37.17% during the first 4 wk. Similar fertility rates occurred with the F1 hybrid cross lines. For turkey fertility trials, the dialysis treatment was not used; glycerolized turkey semen was processed by Accudenz or Percoll centrifugation to reduce glycerol. A total of 36 hens were inseminated with 150 x 10(6) sperm at 7-d intervals for 6 wk. Similar to the chicken trials, fertility rates of Accudenz-processed semen steadily increased to 49.4% by the sixth week of insemination. The average fertility of Percoll-processed semen was only 19.1%. These data demonstrate that Accudenz centrifugation is an acceptable glycerol reduction method for nonfrozen poultry semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Long
- BARC, USDA, Biotechnology and Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Lakshmi V, Satheeshkumar T, Kulkarni G. Utility of Urichrom II - a chromogenic medium for uropathogens. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:153-8. [PMID: 17642722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromogenic media are increasingly being used as versatile tools in early differentiation and identification of bacterial isolates from clinical specimens. We have evaluated the Urichrome II, a newly introduced chromogenic medium, for its utility as a primary isolation and identification medium for urinary microbial isolates. MATERIALS This study included 5497 consecutively collected midstream and/or catheter catch urine samples obtained from patients attending several clinical services. They were inoculated on blood, MacConkey, cystine lactose electrolyte deficient, and Urichrom II agar plates for isolation of uropathogens. RESULTS The Urichrom II medium allowed the growth, and primary identification, of the predominant uropathogens like E.coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. (KES group). The different coloured colonies produced by the breakdown of the chromogenic substrates by the specific enzymes of the bacteria were very useful in the presumptive identification of these organisms even from mixed cultures by the colour differences of the colonies. The medium also supported growth and differentiation of gram positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. CONCLUSIONS Urichrom II can be used as a primary culture medium for predominant uropathogens like E.coli, KES group and enterococci. It is an easy to use primary screening medium that considerably reduces the daily workload and thus minimizes or limits the use of identification tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad - 500 082, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Caldwell R, Kulkarni G, Titley K. Does single versus stepped curing of composite resins affect their shear bond strength? J Can Dent Assoc 2001; 67:588-92. [PMID: 11737983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shrinkage occurs during polymerization of all resin composites, affecting not only the physical properties of the composites but also the marginal integrity of the restoration. Stepped photo-polymerization, in contrast to single-cure photo-polymerization, is said to minimize this shrinkage. The thickness of the increments of resin composite being cured may also be a factor in final shear bond strength. This study compared the shear bond strength resulting from these two curing methods with resin composites of various thicknesses. METHODS Resin composite in increments of 1.5, 3 and 4.5 mm thickness, cured by stepped or single-cure photo-polymerization, was bonded to human third molar dentin with either the Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive system or the Singlebond adhesive system. Each experimental group consisted of 12 specimens. After 7 days of storage in water, shear bond strength was tested to failure, and the mode of failure was recorded. RESULTS The thickness of the resin composite and the method of curing had no significant effect on shear bond strength for bonds mediated by Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive, but significantly lower shear bond strength was recorded for bonds mediated by Singlebond adhesive for resin composite 4.5 mm in thickness. With thicker resin composite, there was a tendency toward a greater proportion of adhesive cohesive bond failures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The stepped photo-polymerization system of curing appears to offer no advantages over single-cure photo-polymerization, except that the former reportedly improves marginal adaptation and reduces marginal leakage. These results suggest that increments of resin composite to be cured by either method should be no thicker than 2 mm, particularly when the bond is mediated by a single-bottle adhesive.
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Harris BG, Rao GJ, Coleman DE, Kulkarni G, Goldsmith E, Cook PF. NAD-Malic Enzyme from Ascaris suum: Sequence and Structural Studies. Protein Pept Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.2174/092986650705221207142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Ascaris suum malic enzyme belongs to the class of oxidative decarboxylases and converts L-malate to pyruvate utilizing NAD and a divalent metal cofactor. It plays a key role in the energy metabolism of the parasite and hence is a target for chemotherapy. It has been extensively characterized from the standpoint of its kinetic, regulatory and chemical mechanisms. Recent studies involving site specific mutants and the determination of its complete sequence as well as quaternary structure have greatly facilitated elucidation of its catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G. Harris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - G.S. Jagannatha Rao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - David E. Coleman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - G. Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - E.J. Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Paul F. Cook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75206, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
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Borger MA, Taylor RL, Weisel RD, Kulkarni G, Benaroia M, Rao V, Cohen G, Fedorko L, Feindel CM. Decreased cerebral emboli during distal aortic arch cannulation: a randomized clinical trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:740-5. [PMID: 10504642 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(99)70021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral emboli occur during cardiopulmonary bypass and are a principal cause of postoperative neurologic dysfunction. We hypothesized that arterial cannulation of the distal aortic arch, with placement of the cannula tip beyond the left subclavian artery, will result in fewer cerebral microemboli than conventional cannulation of the ascending aorta. METHODS Patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery with a single crossclamp technique were randomized to receive cannulation of the distal aortic arch (n = 17) or standard cannulation of the ascending aorta (control group, n = 17). Trendelenburg positioning was used whenever possible. Cerebral emboli were quantified by continuous transcranial Doppler monitoring of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS Baseline demographics were similar for the 2 groups of patients, including cardiopulmonary bypass and crossclamp times. Cerebral microemboli were detected during cardiopulmonary bypass in all patients, with a range of 17 to 627 emboli. The total number of detected emboli was lower in the arch cannulation group (152 +/- 33, mean +/- standard error of the mean) than in the conventional cannulation group (249 +/- 35, P =.04). Embolization rates were lower in distal arch patients than in control patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.2 +/- 0.9 per minute, respectively, P =.03). Reduction in cerebral emboli by distal arch cannulation was most pronounced during perfusionist interventions. CONCLUSIONS Cannulation of the distal aortic arch results in less cerebral microembolism than conventional cannulation of the ascending aorta. Provided it is performed safely, distal arch cannulation may be an important surgical option for patients with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Borger
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Karantzoulis-Fegaras F, Antoniou H, Lai SL, Kulkarni G, D'Abreo C, Wong GK, Miller TL, Chan Y, Atkins J, Wang Y, Marsden PA. Characterization of the human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase promoter. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:3076-93. [PMID: 9915847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.5.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding transcription initiation of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) gene appears pivotal to gaining a comprehensive view of NO biology in the blood vessel wall. The present study therefore focused upon a detailed dissection of the functionally important cis-DNA elements and the multiprotein complexes implicated in the cooperative control of constitutive expression of the human eNOS gene in vascular endothelium. Two tightly clustered cis-regulatory regions were identified in the proximal enhancer of the TATA-less eNOS promoter using deletion analysis and linker-scanning mutagenesis: positive regulatory domains I (-104/-95 relative to transcription initiation) and II (-144/-115). Analysis of trans-factor binding and functional expression studies revealed a surprising degree of cooperativity and complexity. The nucleoprotein complexes that form upon these regions in endothelial cells contained Ets family members, Sp1, variants of Sp3, MAZ, and YY1. Functional domain studies in Drosophila Schneider cells and endothelial cells revealed examples of positive and negative protein-protein cooperativity involving Sp1, variants of Sp3, Ets-1, Elf-1, and MAZ. Therefore, multiprotein complexes are formed on the activator recognition sites within this 50-base pair region of the human eNOS promoter in vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karantzoulis-Fegaras
- Renal Division and Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Chooback L, Karsten WE, Kulkarni G, Nalabolu SR, Harris BG, Cook PF. Expression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant NAD-malic enzyme from Ascaris suum. Protein Expr Purif 1997; 10:51-4. [PMID: 9179290 DOI: 10.1006/prep.1996.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding the 65-kDa subunit of malic enzyme from Ascaris suum was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pKK223-3 and overproduced in Escherichia coli. A protein with a subunit molecular mass of 65,000 was expressed at a level of up to 3% of the total soluble protein in JM109, as judged by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was purified using column chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose followed by orange-A agarose. The purification procedure resulted in a 32-fold purification with an overall yield of 51%. The bacterially expressed enzyme exhibits kinetic constants identical to those measured for native A. suum NAD-malic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chooback
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth 76107-2699, USA
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37
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Stols L, Kulkarni G, Harris BG, Donnelly MI. Expression of Ascaris suum malic enzyme in a mutant Escherichia coli allows production of succinic acid from glucose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997; 63-65:153-8. [PMID: 9170244 DOI: 10.1007/bf02920421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The malic enzyme gene of Ascaris suum, was cloned into the vector pTRC99a in two forms encoding alternative amino-termini. The resulting plasmids, pMEA1 and pMEA2, were introduced into Escherichia coli NZN111, a strain that is unable to grow fermentatively because of inactivation of the genes encoding pyruvate dissimilation. Induction of pMEA1, which encodes the native animoterminus, gave better overexpression of malic enzyme, approx 12-fold compared to uninduced cells. Under the appropriate culture conditions, expression of malic enzyme allowed the fermentative dissimilation of glucose by NZN111. The major fermentation product formed in induced cultures was succinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stols
- Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439, USA
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Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA encoding NAD(+)-malic enzyme from the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum was determined. The entire sequence of 2269 bases comprises a 5'-leader, a single open reading frame of 1851 bases, and the complete 3'-noncoding region of 340 bases. The first 12 amino acids of the translated sequence are hydrophobic, typical of mitochondrial translocation signals, and do not appear in the purified mature protein. The mature protein contains 605 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 68,478 Da. The amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides from the purified protein and also the N-terminal sequence show excellent correspondence with the translated nucleotide sequence. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the ascarid protein with the human and rat liver NAD(+)-malic enzymes reveals highly conserved regions interrupted with long stretches of lesser homologous sequences. Structural motifs such as the putative nucleotide binding domains and also the malate binding site are clearly identified by alignment of the three protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine/University of North Texas, Fort Worth 76107
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39
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McCulloeh CAG, Birek P, Overall C, Aitken S, Lee W, Kulkarni G. Randomized controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high-risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. J Clin Pharm Ther 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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McCulloeh CAG, Birek P, Overall C, Aitken S, Lee W, Kulkarni G. Randomized controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high-risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. J Clin Pharm Ther 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Lee W, Aitken S, Kulkarni G, Birek P, Overall CM, Sodek J, McCulloch CA. Collagenase activity in recurrent periodontitis: relationship to disease progression and doxycycline therapy. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26:479-85. [PMID: 1662266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that active progression of periodontitis may be correlated with increased collagenolytic activity, and that improved clinical conditions after tetracycline treatment may be explained by inhibition of host collagenase. Eighty-two patients with a recent history of periodontal abscesses and/or loss of gingival attachment level (GAL) despite active periodontal therapy were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical measurements, sampling of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival scaling were performed every 2 months. If any site exhibited greater than 2 mm loss of GAL or a periodontal abscess, patients were administered either 100 mg doxycycline per day for 3 weeks or placebo. During 12 months of monitoring, 55 patients exhibited recurrent active disease and were then randomly assigned to either the doxycycline (n = 30) or placebo (n = 25) groups. Analysis of active collagenase and latent collagenase in GCF samples were determined by functional assays and quantitated after SDS-PAGE and fluorography. Collagenase activities were assayed at sites exhibiting active destruction (study site), at sites with pocket depth comparable to the study site but without active destruction, and at healthy sites. Clinical measurements of GAL and collagenase activity were made at intervals between 1 wk and 7 months after completion of the drug regime. Within 7 months, 15 out of 19 patients on placebo exhibited recurrent disease compared to 13 out of 29 patients on doxycycline. Collagenase activity exhibited large variations among patients and was analyzed as presence or absence of active collagenase with a logistic model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario
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McCulloch CA, Birek P, Overall C, Aitken S, Lee W, Kulkarni G. Randomized controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high-risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17:616-22. [PMID: 2174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
82 patients with a recent history of periodontal abscesses and/or loss of gingival attachment (GAL) despite active periodontal therapy were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical measurements and subgingival scaling were performed every 2 months. If any site exhibited greater than or equal to 2 mm loss of GAL or a periodontal abscess, patients were administered either 100 mg Doxycycline per day for 3 weeks or placebo. During 12 months of monitoring, 55 patients exhibited recurrent active disease and were then randomly assigned to either the Doxycycline or placebo groups. Clinical measurements of GAL and microbiological culture of subgingival bacteria were made at intervals between 1 week and 7 months after completion of the drug regime. Within 7 months, 15 out of 19 patients on placebo exhibited recurrent disease compared to 13 out of 29 patients on Doxycycline, a relative risk reduction of 43% (p less than 0.05) for Doxycycline compared to placebo. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of Doxycycline for subgingival plaque samples from active sites ranged between 25-100 micrograms/ml, which are several fold higher than reported crevicular fluid concentrations for this drug. However gingival crevicular fluid collagenase was inhibited in vitro at concentrations of 5-10 micrograms/ml Doxycycline. These data indicate that Doxycycline provides significant risk reduction of recurrent periodontitis in patients with active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A McCulloch
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McCulloch CAG, Birek P, Overall C, Aitken S, Lee W, Kulkarni G. Randomized controlled trial of doxycycline in prevention of recurrent periodontitis in high-risk patients: antimicrobial activity and collagenase inhibition. J Clin Periodontol 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Srinivasan NG, Wariso BA, Kulkarni G, Rao GS, Harris BG. Phosphofructokinase from Dirofilaria immitis. Stimulation of activity by phosphorylation with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:3482-5. [PMID: 2449442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase has been partially purified from the filariid helminth, Dirofilaria immitis, using ion exchange and affinity chromatography. The D. immitis phosphofructokinase cross-reacted with antibodies prepared against the phosphofructokinase from Ascaris suum. These antibodies had been bound to agarose beads. The enzyme was eluted from the immobilized antigen-antibody complex by denaturing agents, and the subunit molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was identical to that of the ascarid enzyme, 90,000. At pH 6.8, substrate saturation curves of the filarial phosphofructokinase with ATP revealed that the enzyme was inhibited by ATP. The fructose-6-P saturation curve was sigmoid at all ATP levels tested. Phosphorylation of the D. immitis phosphofructokinase by the catalytic subunit of beef heart cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase resulted in incorporation of 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of subunit and in a 3-4-fold increase in catalytic activity when measured at pH 6.8 at inhibitory levels of ATP. Additional kinetic studies revealed that the phosphorylated enzyme was less susceptible to ATP inhibition than was the nonphosphorylated form. It is proposed that phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the filarial as well as the intestinal-dwelling nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine/North Texas State University, Fort Worth 76107
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45
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Wu MJ, Kumar KS, Kulkarni G, Kaiser H. Multiple myeloma in naproxen-induced acute renal failure. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:170-1. [PMID: 3600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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46
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Kulkarni G, Rao GS, Srinivasan NG, Hofer HW, Yuan PM, Harris BG. Ascaris suum phosphofructokinase. Phosphorylation by protein kinase and sequence of the phosphopeptide. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:32-4. [PMID: 3025208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the ascarid phosphofructokinase with the catalytic subunit of beef heart cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase results in the incorporation of 1 mol of P/mol of subunit. Accompanying the phosphorylation there is a 3-4-fold increase in catalytic activity when measured at pH 6.8 with inhibitory levels of ATP. Studies on the effect of phosphorylation on the ATP saturation curve demonstrated that phosphorylation decreased the inhibitory action of ATP. The apparent Km of the catalytic subunit for the phosphofructokinase was 11.2 microM. Chymotryptic or subtilisin digestion of the labeled enzyme released distinct but overlapping phosphopeptides that were purified by high pressure liquid chromatography and sequenced by gas phase peptide sequencing. The sequence of the chymotryptic peptide was Ala-Lys-Gly-Arg-Ser-Asp-Ser(P)-Ile-Val-Pro-Thr. Based on these results and earlier observations, it is proposed that phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism in the parasitic helminth.
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Kulkarni G, Rao GS, Srinivasan NG, Hofer HW, Yuan PM, Harris BG. Ascaris suum phosphofructokinase. Phosphorylation by protein kinase and sequence of the phosphopeptide. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hunsmann G, Bayer H, Schneider J, Schmitz H, Kern P, Dietrich M, Büttner DW, Goudeau AM, Kulkarni G, Fleming AF. Antibodies to ATLV/HTLV-1 in Africa. Med Microbiol Immunol 1984; 173:167-70. [PMID: 6095000 DOI: 10.1007/bf02123765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Almost 4000 sera from seven African states were examined for antibodies to ATLV/HTLV-1. Between 1% and 8% of healthy people from sub-Saharan Africa have such antibodies. The highest frequency was observed in Gabon. There were considerable variations between villages. The percentage of seropositives and the mean titre increased with age. Our findings suggest that the African continent is the largest endemic area for ATLV.
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