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Wróbel T, Luty M, Catapano J, Karnas E, Szczygieł M, Piwowarczyk K, Ryszawy D, Drabik G, Zuba‐Surma E, Siedlar M, Madeja Z, Elas M, Czyż J. CD44 + cells determine fenofibrate-induced microevolution of drug-resistance in prostate cancer cell populations. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1544-1556. [PMID: 32985018 PMCID: PMC7756969 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of metabolic blockers (incl. fenofibrate) with chemotherapeutic drugs interfere with the drug-resistance of prostate cancer cells. However, their effect on cancer stem cells-dependent microevolution of prostate cancer malignancy remains unaddressed. Here, we hypothesize that the combined docetaxel/fenofibrate treatment prompts the selective expansion of cancer stem cells that affects the microevolution of their progenies. Accordingly, we adapted a combined in vitro/in vivo approach to identify biological and therapeutic consequences of this process. Minute subpopulations of docetaxel-resistant CD133high and/or CD44high cancer stem cell-like (SCL) cells were found in prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cell populations. When pretreated with docetaxel, they readily differentiated into docetaxel-resistant CD44negative "bulk" cells, thus accounting for the microevolution of drug-resistant cell lineages. Combined docetaxel/fenofibrate treatment induced the generation of poly(morpho)nuclear giant cells and drug-resistant CD44high SCL cells. However, the CD44negative offspring of docetaxel- and docetaxel/fenofibrate-treated SCLs remained relatively sensitive to the combined treatment, while retaining enhanced resistance to docetaxel. Long-term propagation of drug-resistant SCL-derived lineages in the absence of docetaxel/fenofibrate resulted in their reverse microevolution toward the drug-sensitivity and invasive phenotype. Consequently, prostate tumors were able to recover from the combined docetaxel/fenofibrate stress after the initial arrest of their expansion in vivo. In conclusion, we have confirmed the potential of fenofibrate for the metronomic treatment of drug-resistant prostate tumors. However, docetaxel/fenofibrate-induced selective expansion of hyper-resistant CD44high SCL prostate cells and their "bulk" progenies prompts the microevolution of prostate tumor drug-resistance. This process can limit the implementation of metabolic chemotherapy in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Marcin Luty
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Małgorzata Szczygieł
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of TransplantologyInstitute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Ewa Zuba‐Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyInstitute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
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Januś D, Kalicka-Kasperczyk A, Wójcik M, Drabik G, Starzyk JB. Long-term ultrasound follow-up of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus in children. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:841-852. [PMID: 31902058 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the sonographic follow-up of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) in children and adolescent patients. PATIENTS Out of the 507 children referred to FNAB between 2006 and 2018, 30 (5.9%) pediatric patients (10 females), mean age 5.7 years (1.2-13.8, median 4.9 years) were diagnosed with IET. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical files of patients diagnosed with IET between 2006 and 2018. Assessed data included ultrasound characterisation, elastographic strain ratio (SR) results and hormonal evaluation. RESULTS Analysis of thyroid US scans revealed that the mean age at the first thyroid ultrasound was 5.7 (1.2-13.8, median 4.9) years, and at the last US 10.7 (3.7-18, median 10.5) years. The mean time of the IET observation was 59.6 (2-148, median 53.5) months. On US, IET was hypoechoic with multiple linear and punctate echoes, hypovascular, fusiform on longitudinal plane and round or polygonal on an axial plane, more common in the right thyroid lobe (66.7%) and located in the posterior part of the lobes (54.5%), bilateral in two patients and multifocal in one patient. SR of IET was similar to the surrounding normal thyroid tissue. Complete regression of IET was observed in 12/30 patients after a mean time of 81.7 months (median 76.5), at the mean age of 13.7 (9.2-18, median 13.9) years. FNAB was performed in 10/30 and a hemithyroidectomy in 1/30 IET patients. In the FNAB (+) group, patients were younger (5.08 vs 6.08 years) and lesions were larger (0.12 ml vs 0.05 ml) than in the FNAB (-) group. All patients with IET were euthyroid with negative TPOAb and TgAb levels. CONCLUSION The reproducibility of unique ultrasound features of IETs allows for safe long-term follow-up of these benign lesions in the majority of pediatric patients: not only monitoring the regression of IET but also screening towards the rare occurrence of a tumor arising from the IET.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Januś
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
| | - A Kalicka-Kasperczyk
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Wójcik
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - J B Starzyk
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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Januś D, Wójcik M, Taczanowska A, Sołtysiak P, Wędrychowicz A, Roztoczyńska D, Drabik G, Wyrobek Ł, Starzyk JB. Follow-up of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:261-270. [PMID: 29872995 PMCID: PMC6394764 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the outcomes of ultrasound (US) follow-ups in children with autoimmune thyroid disease who did not have a thyroid nodule on admission but developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to characterize the parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland prior to the development of PTC. METHODS A retrospective thyroid US scan review of 327 patients diagnosed with AIT was performed. Forty patients (40/327, 12.2%) presented nodular AIT variant with a normoechogenic background. Eleven patients (11/327, 3.4%, 11/40, 27.5%) presenting this variant were diagnosed with PTC (nine females-mean age 15.3 years; two males aged 11 and 13 years). In five of 11 patients, the suspicious nodule that was later confirmed to be PTC was detected on the initial US at presentation. For the remaining six females (6/11) who developed PTC during the follow-up, we retrospectively analysed their US thyroid scans and these patients were selected for analysis in this study. RESULTS On admission, the US evaluation revealed an enlarged normoechogenic thyroid gland in three patients and a hypoechogenic thyroid gland with fibrosis as indicated by irregular, chaotic hyperechogenic layers in three patients. No thyroid nodules were identified. Ultrasound monitoring revealed increasing echogenicity of the thyroid parenchyma during the follow-up. PTC developed in a mean time of 4.6 years (1 9/12-7 4/12 years) since referral to the outpatient thyroid clinic and 2.9 years (6/12-6 9/12) since the last nodule-free US thyroid scan. CONCLUSIONS Sonographic follow-up assessments warrant further exploration as a strategy to determine PTC susceptibility in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Taczanowska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Sołtysiak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Wędrychowicz
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Roztoczyńska
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ł Wyrobek
- Department of Radiology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - J B Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Luty M, Piwowarczyk K, Łabędź-Masłowska A, Wróbel T, Szczygieł M, Catapano J, Drabik G, Ryszawy D, Kędracka-Krok S, Madeja Z, Siedlar M, Elas M, Czyż J. Fenofibrate Augments the Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010077. [PMID: 30641904 PMCID: PMC6356694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic agents reduce the effective doses and adverse effects of cytostatics in cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, they can enhance the treatment efficiency of drug-resistant cancers. Cytostatic and anti-angiogenic effects of fenofibrate (FF) suggest that it can be used for the metronomic chemotherapy of drug-resistant prostate tumors. To estimate the effect of FF on the drug-resistance of prostate cancer cells, we compared the reactions of naïve and drug-resistant cells to the combined treatment with docetaxel (DCX)/mitoxantrone (MTX) and FF. FF sensitized drug-resistant DU145 and PC3 cells to DCX and MTX, as illustrated by their reduced viability and invasive potential observed in the presence of DCX/MTX and FF. The synergy of the cytostatic activities of both agents was accompanied by the inactivation of P-gp-dependent efflux, dysfunction of the microtubular system, and induction of polyploidy in DCX-resistant cells. Chemical inhibition of PPARα- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathways by GW6471 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively, had no effect on cell sensitivity to combined DCX/FF treatment. Instead, we observed the signs of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deficit and autophagy in DCX/FF-treated drug-resistant cells. Furthermore, the cells that had been permanently propagated under DCX- and DCX/FF-induced stress did not acquire DCX/FF-resistance. Instead, relatively slow proliferation of DCX-resistant cells was efficiently inhibited by FF. Collectively, our observations show that FF reduces the effective doses of DCX by interfering with the drug resistance and energy metabolism of prostate cancer cells. Concomitantly, it impairs the chemotherapy-induced microevolution and expansion of DCX/FF-resistant cells. Therefore, FF can be applied as a metronomic agent to enhance the efficiency of palliative chemotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Luty
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Łabędź-Masłowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szczygieł
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Transplantology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Str., 30-663 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków; and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Str., 30-663 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Szczepanik A, Sierzega M, Drabik G, Pituch-Noworolska A, Kołodziejczyk P, Zembala M. CD44 + cytokeratin-positive tumor cells in blood and bone marrow are associated with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:264-272. [PMID: 30056567 PMCID: PMC6394724 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotypic heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow is an important constraint for clinical decision making. Here, we investigated the implications of two different subpopulations of these cells in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS GC patients (n = 228) who underwent elective gastric resections were prospectively examined for CTC/DTC. The cells obtained from peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates were sorted by flow cytometry and CD45- cells expressing cytokeratins (8, 18, and 19) and CD44 were identified by immunofluorescent double staining. RESULTS Ninety-three (41%) patients had cytokeratin-positive tumor cells in either blood or bone marrow, while cells expressing CD44 were found in 22 (10%) cases. CK+CD44+ cells were significantly more common among patients with distant metastases (50 vs 19%, P = 0.001), while no such correlations were demonstrated for CK+CD44- cells. Detection of CK+CD44+ cells, but not CK+CD44-, was associated with significantly shortened survival. Moreover, the Cox proportional hazards model identified CK+CD44+ cells as a negative prognostic factor with an odds ratio of 2.38 (95% CI 1.28-4.41, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION CD44+ phenotype of cytokeratin-positive cells in blood and bone marrow is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Szczepanik
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Kraków, 31-501, Poland
| | - Marek Sierzega
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Kraków, 31-501, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pituch-Noworolska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kołodziejczyk
- First Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Kraków, 31-501, Poland
| | - Marek Zembala
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, 30-663, Kraków, Poland
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Drabik G, Kaszuba-Zwoińska J, Wiśniowski Z, Konieczny L, Roterman I. Chromatin 3D – will it make understanding of cancer transformation finally possible? Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in molecular analysis of cancer cell genomes, the mechanism of tumorigenesis remains unclear. The information present in the genome is not limited to the DNA sequence itself. Indeed, a significant portion of this information is concealed in the spatial structure of chromatin. Ongoing scientific studies that focus on the three-dimensional structure of chromatin raise hopes of arriving at a general explanation of the cancer transformation phenomenon.
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Januś D, Wójcik M, Drabik G, Wyrobek Ł, Starzyk JB. Ultrasound variants of autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents and their clinical implication in relation to papillary thyroid carcinoma development. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:371-380. [PMID: 28866751 PMCID: PMC5823967 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rising in children and adolescents, and the coincidence of AIT and PTC is as high as 6.3-43%. OBJECTIVE To investigate the ultrasound manifestation of AIT in relation to PTC development in paediatric patients. PATIENTS 179 paediatric patients (133 females), mean (SD) age: 13.9 (3.03) years diagnosed with AIT and referred for ultrasound evaluation. Eight patients were diagnosed with PTC (6 females). METHODS Retrospective analysis of thyroid ultrasound scans of patients diagnosed with AIT. Thyroid and autoimmune status was assessed based on TSH, fT4, fT3 and increased aTPO and/or aTG and/or TRAB levels. In patients with PTC, total thyroidectomy was performed. RESULTS Analysis of thyroid US scans revealed that the following five ultrasound variants of AIT were observed in 179 patients: the most common in 35.2%-diffuse thyroiditis with hypoechogenic background and normoechogenic parenchyma, in 30.2%-diffuse thyroiditis with irregular background, in 18.9% nodular variant with normoechogenic background, in 11.7%-micronodulations and in 3.9%-diffuse hypoechogenic background. Eight cases of PTC were diagnosed in nodular variant of AIT with normoechogenic irregular background. CONCLUSION Patients with AIT and nodular variant with normoechogenic irregular background of the thyroid gland on US scans are in the risk group of developing PTC and should be followed up with regular neck US assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ł Wyrobek
- Department of Radiology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - J B Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka St. 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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Mytar B, Stec M, Szatanek R, Węglarczyk K, Szewczyk K, Szczepanik A, Drabik G, Baran J, Siedlar M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M. Characterization of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines established from peritoneal ascites. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4849-4858. [PMID: 29552124 PMCID: PMC5840753 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The three cell lines, designated as gastric cancer (GC)1401, GC1415 and GC1436 were derived from peritoneal effusions from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Cell lines were established in tissue culture and in immunodeficient, non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. All cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum. These cell lines were grown as an adherent monolayer with doubling time ranging between 25 h (GC1436 cell line) and 30–34 h (GC1401 and GC1415, respectively). All cells showed morphological features of epithelial-like cells, forming sheets of polygonal cells. Chromosomal analysis showed that the modal numbers ranged from 52 (GC1401), 51–56 (GC1415) and 106 (GC1436). High heterogeneity, resulting from several structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities were evident in all cell lines. The surface marker expression suggested a tumor origin of the cells, and indicated the intestinal phenotype of a GC (CD10+, MUC1). All three cell lines were tumorigenic but not metastatic, in vivo, in NOD/SCID mice. The lack of metastatic potential was suggested by the lack of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 activity. In conclusion, these newly established GC cell lines widen the feasibility of the functional studies on biology of GC as well as drug testing for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożenna Mytar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Szatanek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antoni Szczepanik
- First Department of General Gastrointestinal and Oncology Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-001 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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Stec M, Szatanek R, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Baran J, Zembala M, Barbasz J, Waligórska A, Dobrucki JW, Mytar B, Szczepanik A, Siedlar M, Drabik G, Urbanowicz B, Zembala M. Interactions of tumour-derived micro(nano)vesicles with human gastric cancer cells. J Transl Med 2015; 13:376. [PMID: 26626416 PMCID: PMC4666152 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour cells release membrane micro(nano)fragments called tumour-derived microvesicles (TMV) that are believed to play an important role in cancer progression. TMV suppress/modify antitumour response of the host, but there is also some evidence for their direct interaction with cancer cells. In cancer patients TMV are present in body fluid and tumour microenvironment. The present study aimed at characterization of whole types/subpopulations, but not only exosomes, of TMV from newly established gastric cancer cell line (called GC1415) and to define their interactions with autologous cells. METHODS TMV were isolated from cell cultures supernatants by centrifugation at 50,000×g and their phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. The size of TMV was analysed by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, while morphology by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Interactions of TMV with cancer cells were visualized using fluorescence-activated cell sorter, confocal and atomic force microscopy, biological effects by xenografts in NOD SCID mice. RESULTS Isolated TMV showed expression of CD44H, CD44v6 (hyaluronian receptors), CCR6 (chemokine receptor) and HER-2/neu molecules, exhibited different shapes and sizes (range 60-900 nm, highest frequency of particles with size range of 80-120 nm). TMV attached to autologous cancer cells within 2 h and then were internalized by them at 24 h. CD44H, CD44v6 and CCR6 molecules may play a role in attachment of TMV to cancer cells, while HER-2 associated with CD24 be involved in promoting cancer cells growth. Pre-exposure of cancer cells to TMV resulted in enhancement of tumour growth and cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in NOD SCID mice model. CONCLUSIONS TMV interact directly with cancer cells serving as macro-messengers and molecular cargo transfer between gastric cancer cells resulting in enhancement of tumour growth. TMV should be considered in future as target of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Stec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Rafał Szatanek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maria Zembala
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jakub Barbasz
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waligórska
- Division of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jurek W Dobrucki
- Division of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bożenna Mytar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Antoni Szczepanik
- First Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Urbanowicz
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University Children's Hospital of Cracow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Zembala
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 Str., 30-663, Kraków, Poland.
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Szymońska I, Borgenvik TL, Karlsvik TM, Halsen A, Malecki BK, Saetre SE, Jagła M, Kruczek P, Talowska AM, Drabik G, Zasada M, Malecki M. Novel mutation-deletion in the PHOX2B gene of the patient diagnosed with Neuroblastoma, Hirschsprung's Disease, and Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (NB-HSCR-CCHS) Cluster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26798564 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma (NB), Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), clinically referred as the NB-HSCR-CCHS cluster, are genetic disorders linked to mutations in the PHOX2B gene on chromosome 4p12. SPECIFIC AIM The specific aim of this project is to define the PHOX2B gene mutations as the genomic basis for the clinical manifestations of the NB-HSCR-CCHS cluster. PATIENT A one day old male patient presented to the Jagiellonian University Medical College (JUMC), American Children Hospital, neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to abdominal distention, vomiting, and severe apneic episodes. With the preliminary diagnosis of the NB-HSCR-CCHS, the blood and tissue samples were acquired from the child, as well as from the child's parents. All procedures were pursued in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, with the patient's Guardian Informed Consent and the approval from the Institutional Review Board. GENETIC/GENOMIC METHODS Karyotyping was analyzed based upon Giemsa banding. The patient's genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Direct microfluidic Sanger sequencing was performed on the genomic DNA amplicons. These procedures were pursued in addition to the routine clinical examinations and tests. RESULTS G-banding showed the normal 46 XY karyotype. However, genomic sequencing revealed a novel, heterozygous deletion (8 nucleotides: c.699-706, del8) in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene on chromosome 4. This led to the frame-shift mutation and malfunctioning gene expression product. CONCLUSION Herein, we report a novel PHOX2B gene mutation in the patient diagnosed with the NB-HSCR-CCHS cluster. The resulting gene expression product may be a contributor to the clinical manifestations of these genetic disorders. It adds to the library of the mutations linked to this syndrome. Consequently, we suggest that screening for the PHOX2B mutations becomes an integral part of genetic counseling, genomic sequencing of fetal circulating nucleic acids and / or genomes of circulating fetal cells prenatally, while preparing supportive therapy upon delivery, as well as on neonates' genomes of intubated infants, when breathing difficulties occur upon extubation. Further, we hypothesize that PHOX2B may be considered as a potential target for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymońska
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | | | | | - Anders Halsen
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | - Bianka Kathryn Malecki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU; Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mateusz Jagła
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | - Piotr Kruczek
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | - Anna Madetko Talowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Pathology, Children's University Hospital, Kraków, Poland, EU
| | - Magdalena Zasada
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland, EU
| | - Marek Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA; NMRFM, National Institutes of Health, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Weryński P, Januś D, Dudyńska M, Drabik G, Starzyk JB, Skalski J, Rudziński A. Atypical cardiac myxoma in the course of Carney complex in the child. Case Report. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2015; 36:236-240. [PMID: 26313389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors in infants and children are rare. Myxomas are the second (after rhabdomyomas) most common primary cardiac tumors in pediatric patients. Cardiac, cutaneous and mucous myxomas are likewise the second most frequent manifestation of the Carney complex, an autosomal dominant multi neoplasia syndrome, which consists of myxomas in different locations, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. We present a case of 13-years-old boy send to our department from a district hospital because of the large tumor in the right atrium discovered in the echo study. On admission he presented discrete signs of Cushing's syndrome and scarse pigmented nevi on the face and trunc. The detailed echo examination showed the large right atrial tumor with features of myxoma, protruding across the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle during diastolic period. Atypical location of cardiac myxoma as well as the signs of Cushing's syndrome suggested Carney's complex. Detailed endocrine studies confirmed the hypothesis. Thus two-step bilateral adrenalectomy was planned. The histopathologic study confirmed primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Weryński
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics (PAIP), Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, PAIP, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dudyńska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, PAIP, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jerzy B Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, PAIP, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Skalski
- Department of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, PAIP, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rudziński
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics (PAIP), Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Jarząb B, Sporny S, Lange D, Włoch J, Lewiński A, Bałdys-Waligórska A, Barczyński M, Bręborowicz D, Brzeziński J, Bruszewska E, Chmielik E, Chosia M, Czarniecka A, Czetwertyńska M, Dedecjus M, Domagała W, Drabik G, Dusza-Kozera J, Dzięcioł J, Handkiewicz-Junak D, Hasse-Lazar K, Herman K, Hilarowicz-Pacanowska E, Jakubowski W, Jarząb B, Jastrzębska H, Jaworska M, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Kaczka K, Kalemba M, Kalicka-Kasperczyk A, Konturek A, Kos-Kudła B, Kowalska A, Kozłowicz-Gudzińska I, Krajewska J, Krawczyk A, Kropińska A, Krzakowski M, Kukulska A, Kulig A, Kuzdak K, Lange D, Lewiński A, Ławniczak-Cielińska D, Łącka K, Maksymiuk B, Niedziela M, Olszewski W, Paliczka-Cieślik E, Pałyga I, Pankowski J, Pomorski L, Prokurat A, Puch Z, Roskosz J, Shafie D, Sikora K, Słowiaczek M, Słowińska-Klencka D, Sowiński J, Sporny S, Stęchły T, Stobiecka E, Sygut J, Syrenicz A, Szramek-Urbaniak A, Szpak-Ulczok S, Tomkalski T, Waler J, Włoch J, Wołoszyńska K, Wygoda Z. [Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer - Polish guidelines]. Endokrynol Pol 2010; 61:518-568. [PMID: 21049469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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13
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Kolodziejczyk P, Pituch-Noworolska A, Drabik G, Kulig J, Szczepanik A, Sierzega M, Gurda A, Popiela T, Zembala M. The effects of preoperative chemotherapy on isolated tumour cells in the blood and bone marrow of gastric cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:589-92. [PMID: 17700573 PMCID: PMC2360365 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in breast cancer suggest that monitoring the isolated tumour cells (ITC) may be used as a surrogate marker to evaluate the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of preoperative chemotherapy on ITC in the blood and bone marrow of patients with potentially resectable gastric cancer. After sorting out the CD45-positive cells, the presence of ITC defined as cytokeratin-positive cells was examined before and after preoperative chemotherapy. The patients received two courses of preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin (100 mg m−2, day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg m−2, days 1–5), administered every 28 days. Fourteen of 32 (44%) patients initially diagnosed with ITC in blood and/or bone marrow were found to be negative (responders) after preoperative chemotherapy (P<0.01). The incidence of ITC in bone marrow was also significantly (P<0.01) reduced from 97 (31 of 32) to 53% (17 of 32). The difference between patients positive for ITC in the blood before (n=7, 22%) and after (n=5, 16%) chemotherapy was statistically insignificant. The overall 3-year survival rates were 32 and 49% in the responders and non-responders, respectively (P=0.683). These data indicate that preoperative chemotherapy can reduce the incidence of ITC in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kolodziejczyk
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - A Pituch-Noworolska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - G Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - J Kulig
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - A Szczepanik
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - M Sierzega
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - A Gurda
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - T Popiela
- 1st Department of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 40 Kopernika Street, Krakow 31-501, Poland
| | - M Zembala
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 31-501, Poland
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14
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Drabik G, Naskalski JW. Chlorination of N-acetyltyrosine with HOCl, chloramines, and myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system. Acta Biochim Pol 2002; 48:271-5. [PMID: 11440179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (N-acTyr), with the alpha amine residue blocked by acetylation, can mimic the reactivity of exposed tyrosyl residues incorporated into polypeptides. In this study chlorination of N-acTyr residue at positions 3 and 5 in reactions with NaOCl, chloramines and the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-Cl- chlorinating system were invesigated. The reaction of N-acTyr with HOCl/OCl- depends on the reactant concentration ratio employed. At the OCl-/N-acTyr (molar) ratio 1:4 and pH 5.0 the chlorination reaction yield is about 96% and 3-chlorotyrosine is the predominant reaction product. At the OCl-/N-acTyr molar ratio 1:1.1 both 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine are formed. The yield of tyrosine chlorination depends also on pH, amounting to 100% at pH 5.5, 91% at pH 4.5 and 66% at pH 3.0. Replacing HOCl/OCl- by leucine/chloramine or alanine/chloramine in the reaction system, at pH 4.5 and 7.4, produces trace amount of 3-chlorotyrosine with the reaction yield of about 2% only. Employing the MPO-H2O2-Cl- chlorinating system at pH 5.4, production of a small amount of N-acTyr 3-chloroderivative was observed, but the reaction yield was low due to the rapid inactivation of MPO in the reaction system. The study results indicate that direct chlorination of tyrosyl residues which are not incorporated into the polypeptide structure occurs with excess HOCl/OCl- in acidic media. Due to the inability of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl- system to produce high enough HOCl concentrations, the MPO-mediated tyrosyl residue chlorination is not effective. Semistable amino-acid chloramines also appeared not effective as chlorine donors in direct tyrosyl chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Drabik
- Department of Diagnostics, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Drabik G, Naskalski JW. Chlorination of N-acetyltyrosine with HOCl, chloramines, and myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system. Acta Biochim Pol 2001. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2001_5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (N-acTyr), with the alpha amine residue blocked by acetylation, can mimic the reactivity of exposed tyrosyl residues incorporated into polypeptides. In this study chlorination of N-acTyr residue at positions 3 and 5 in reactions with NaOCl, chloramines and the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-Cl- chlorinating system were invesigated. The reaction of N-acTyr with HOCl/OCl- depends on the reactant concentration ratio employed. At the OCl-/N-acTyr (molar) ratio 1:4 and pH 5.0 the chlorination reaction yield is about 96% and 3-chlorotyrosine is the predominant reaction product. At the OCl-/N-acTyr molar ratio 1:1.1 both 3-chlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine are formed. The yield of tyrosine chlorination depends also on pH, amounting to 100% at pH 5.5, 91% at pH 4.5 and 66% at pH 3.0. Replacing HOCl/OCl- by leucine/chloramine or alanine/chloramine in the reaction system, at pH 4.5 and 7.4, produces trace amount of 3-chlorotyrosine with the reaction yield of about 2% only. Employing the MPO-H2O2-Cl- chlorinating system at pH 5.4, production of a small amount of N-acTyr 3-chloroderivative was observed, but the reaction yield was low due to the rapid inactivation of MPO in the reaction system. The study results indicate that direct chlorination of tyrosyl residues which are not incorporated into the polypeptide structure occurs with excess HOCl/OCl- in acidic media. Due to the inability of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl- system to produce high enough HOCl concentrations, the MPO-mediated tyrosyl residue chlorination is not effective. Semistable amino-acid chloramines also appeared not effective as chlorine donors in direct tyrosyl chlorination.
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16
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Delagrave S, Catalan J, Sweet C, Drabik G, Henry A, Rees A, Monath TP, Guirakhoo F. Effects of humanization by variable domain resurfacing on the antiviral activity of a single-chain antibody against respiratory syncytial virus. Protein Eng 1999; 12:357-62. [PMID: 10325407 DOI: 10.1093/protein/12.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
HNK20 is a mouse monoclonal IgA that binds to the F glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and neutralizes the virus, both in vitro and in vivo. The single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) derived from HNK20 is equally active and has allowed us to assess rapidly the effect of mutations on affinity and antiviral activity. Humanization by variable domain resurfacing requires that surface residues not normally found in a human Fv be mutated to the expected human amino acid, thereby eliminating potentially immunogenic sites. We describe the construction and characterization of two humanized scFvs, hu7 and hu10, bearing 7 and 10 mutations, respectively. Both molecules show unaltered binding affinities to the RSV antigen (purified F protein) as determined by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance measurements of binding kinetics (Ka approximately 1x10(9) M-1). A competition ELISA using captured whole virus confirmed that the binding affinities of the parental scFv and also of hu7 and hu10 scFvs were identical. However, when compared with the original scFv, hu10 scFv was shown to have significantly decreased antiviral activity both in vitro and in a mouse model. Our observations suggest that binding of the scFv to the viral antigen is not sufficient for neutralization. We speculate that neutralization may involve the inhibition or induction of conformational changes in the bound antigen, thereby interfering with the F protein-mediated fusion of virus and cell membranes in the initial steps of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Delagrave
- OraVax Inc., 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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17
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Zinkiewicz K, Chmurzyński M, Drabik G, Styliński R, Ciechański A, Misiuna P. [Complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy]. Wiad Lek 1998; 50 Suppl 1 Pt 2:417-20. [PMID: 9424915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is an analysis of the complications among the patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy. In years 1991-1996 in our Department 412 patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy. Bile ducts stones, acute bile pancreatitis, papilla Vateri stricture and the postoperative bile fistula were the indications for the procedure. Complications occurred in 37 patients (12 of them were operated on). One patient died due to duodenal perforation. GI bleeding, acute pancreatitis, common bile duct perforation, recurrence of the stricture and missing the concrement in the duct were the main complications. Endoscopic sphincterotomy remains the recommended method in describe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zinkiewicz
- Kliniki Chirurgii Ogólnej II Katedry Chirurgii Akademii Medycznej w Lublinie
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Weltzin R, Traina-Dorge V, Soike K, Zhang JY, Mack P, Soman G, Drabik G, Monath TP. Intranasal monoclonal IgA antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:256-61. [PMID: 8699052 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.2.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants, is thought to infect the upper airways before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. A rhesus monkey model of RSV infection after upper airway inoculation was used to test the protective effect of intranasal treatment with HNK20, a mouse monoclonal IgA antibody against RSV F glycoprotein. HNK20 was administered once daily for 2 days before RSV challenge and 4 days after challenge. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg HNK20 reduced viral shedding in the nose, throat, and lungs by 3-4 log10/mL (P < or = .002). All monkeys developed RSV neutralizing antibody in serum, even in the absence of detectable viral replication. Neutralizing concentrations of monoclonal antibody remained in nasal secretions for > 1 day after treatment. These results suggest that nose-drop application of monoclonal antibody could provide convenient and effective protection against RSV infection in human infants at risk of severe lower respiratory tract disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weltzin
- OraVax, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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