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Mattioli IA, Castro KR, Sedenho GC, Macedo LJA, Oliveira MN, Manuli ER, Sabino EC, Crespilho FN. Expanding the application of graphene vertical devices to dual femtomolar detection of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain in serum and saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115614. [PMID: 37607446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the graphene-based hybrid electrical-electrochemical vertical device (EEVD) has introduced a promising nanostructured biosensor tailored for point-of-care applications. In this study, we present an innovative EEVD capable of simultaneously detecting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in both serum and saliva. The foundation of the EEVD lies in a poly-neutral red-graphene heterojunction, which has been enhanced with a bioconjugate of gold nanoparticles and antibodies. The biodevice demonstrates a remarkable limit of detection, registering at the femtomolar scale (2.86 fmol L-1 or 0.1 pg mL-1). Its sensitivity is characterized by a 6.1 mV/decade response, and its operational range spans 10-12 to 10-7 g mL-1 in both serum and saliva samples. With a 20.0 μL of biological samples and a rapid processing time of under 10 min, the EEVD achieves the feat of dual antigen detection. The tests achieved 100.0% specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity in saliva, and 100.0% specificity, 88.9% accuracy, and 80.0% sensitivity in serum. This study highlights the EEVD as a low-cost solution of rapid viral detection during the crucial initial phases of COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A Mattioli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Karla R Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Graziela C Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lucyano J A Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Mona N Oliveira
- Biolinker Synthetic Biology EIRELI, Cotia, SP, 06715-862, Brazil
| | - Erika R Manuli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil; LIM-46 HC-FMUSP - Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil; LIM-46 HC-FMUSP - Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
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Cagnani GR, da Costa Oliveira T, Mattioli IA, Sedenho GC, Castro KPR, Crespilho FN. From research to market: correlation between publications, patent filings, and investments in development and production of technological innovations in biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022:10.1007/s00216-022-04444-2. [PMID: 36477496 PMCID: PMC9734492 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the global population grows and science and technology development evolve, fulfilling basic human needs has been even more linked to technological solutions. In this review, we present an overview of the biosensor market and discuss the factors that make certain countries more competitive than others in terms of technology and innovation and how this is reflected in the trends in publication and patent filling. Additionally, we expose briefly how the COVID-19 pandemic acts as a catalyst for the integration of research and development, business, and innovation sectors to bring solutions and ideas that have been predicted as tendencies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rosso Cagnani
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13560-970 Brazil
| | | | - Isabela A. Mattioli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Karla P. R. Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 13560-970 Brazil
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3
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Mattioli IA, Castro KR, Macedo LJA, Sedenho GC, Oliveira MN, Todeschini I, Vitale PM, Ferreira SC, Manuli ER, Pereira GM, Sabino EC, Crespilho FN. Graphene-based hybrid electrical-electrochemical point-of-care device for serologic COVID-19 diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113866. [PMID: 34915214 PMCID: PMC8648586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemics highlighted the need of sensitive, selective, and easy-to-handle biosensing devices. In the contemporary scenario, point-of-care devices for mass testing and infection mapping within a population have proven themselves as of primordial importance. Here, we introduce a graphene-based Electrical-Electrochemical Vertical Device (EEVD) point-of-care biosensor, strategically engineered for serologic COVID-19 diagnosis. EEVD uses serologic IgG quantifications on SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) bioconjugate immobilized onto device surface. EEVD combines graphene basal plane with high charge carrier mobility, high conductivity, low intrinsic resistance, and interfacial sensitivity to capacitance alterations. EEVD application was carried out in real human serum samples. Since EEVD is a miniaturized device, it requires just 40 μL of sample for a point-of-care COVID-19 infections detection. When compared to serologic assays such ELISA and other immunochromatographic methods, EEVD presents some advantages such as time of analyses (15 min), sample preparation, and a LOD of 1.0 pg mL-1. We glimpse that EEVD meets the principles of robustness and accuracy, desirable analytic parameters for assays destined to pandemics control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A Mattioli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Karla R Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lucyano J A Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Graziela C Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Mona N Oliveira
- Biolinker Synthetic Biology EIRELI, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Iris Todeschini
- Biolinker Synthetic Biology EIRELI, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Phelipe M Vitale
- Biolinker Synthetic Biology EIRELI, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Suzete Cleusa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil; Division of Research and Transfusion Medicine, São Paulo Hemocentre Pro-Blood Foundation, São Paulo, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Erika R Manuli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; LIM-46 HC-FMUSP - Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Geovana M Pereira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil; LIM-46 HC-FMUSP - Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
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Sedenho GC, Modenez I, Mendes GR, Crespilho FN. The role of extracellular polymeric substance matrix on Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioelectricity. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hassan A, Sedenho GC, Vitale PAM, Oliviera MN, Crespilho FN. On the Weak Binding and Spectroscopic Signature of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 Interaction with RNA. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3410-3413. [PMID: 34542936 PMCID: PMC8653059 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐structural protein 14 (nsp14), known as exoribonuclease is encoded from the large polyprotein of viral genome and is a major constituent of the transcription replication complex (TRC) machinery of the viral RNA synthesis. This protein is highly conserved among the coronaviruses and is a potential target for the development of a therapeutic drug. Here, we report the SARS‐CoV‐2 nsp14 expression, show its structural characterization, and ss‐RNA exonuclease activity through vibrational and electronic spectroscopies. The deconvolution of amide‐I band in the FTIR spectrum of the protein revealed a composition of 35 % α‐helix and 25 % β‐sheets. The binding between protein and RNA is evidenced from the spectral changes in the amide‐I region of the nsp14, showing protein conformational changes during the binding process. A value of 20.60±3.81 mol L−1 of the binding constant (KD) is obtained for nsp14/RNA complex. The findings reported here can motivate further studies to develop structural models for better understanding the mechanism of exonuclease enzymes for correcting the viral genome and can help in the development of drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Hassan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Graziela C Sedenho
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A M Vitale
- Biolinker, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Cietec - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mona N Oliviera
- Biolinker, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Cietec - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 - Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
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Macedo LJ, Santo AA, Sedenho GC, Hassan A, Iost RM, Feliciano GT, Crespilho FN. Three-dimensional catalysis and the efficient bioelectrocatalysis beyond surface chemistry. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Souza JCP, Macedo LJA, Hassan A, Sedenho GC, Modenez IA, Crespilho FN. In Situ
and
Operando
Techniques for Investigating Electron Transfer in Biological Systems. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. P. Souza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- Campus Rio Verde Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 75901-970 Rio Verde Goiás Brazil
| | - Lucyano J. A. Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Iago A. Modenez
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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Macedo LJA, Hassan A, Sedenho GC, Crespilho FN. Assessing electron transfer reactions and catalysis in multicopper oxidases with operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 31949281 PMCID: PMC6965173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we propose an experimental setup based on operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to understand why copper-containing oxidoreductase enzymes show exceptional performance as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An electrode based on carbon nanoparticles organized in mesoporous structures with bilirubin oxidase (BOD) was developed to be used in a home-made operando XAS electrochemical cell, and we probed the electron transfer under ORR regime. In the presence of molecular oxygen, the BOD cofactor containing 4 copper ions require an overpotential about 150 mV to be reduced as compared to that in the absence of oxygen. A second electron transfer step, which occurs faster than the cofactor reduction, suggests that the cooper ions act as a tridimensional redox active electronic bridges for the electron transfer reaction. Understanding enzyme active sites can elucidate fundamental enzymatic reaction pathways and inform designs for synthetic catalysts. Here, authors employ operando X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemistry to assess copper ions in bilirubin oxidase during oxygen reduction electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J A Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Graziela C Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
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Melo AFAA, Sedenho GC, Osica I, Ariga K, Crespilho FN. Electrochemical Behavior of Cytochrome C Immobilized in a Magnetically Induced Mesoporous Framework. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. A. A. Melo
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo (USP) / São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC) Avenue Saint-Carlense Worker, 400 13560-970 São Carlos Brazil
- Post-Graduate Course in Materials Engineering (PPGEM)Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI) Street Álvaro Mendes, 94 64000-040 Teresina Brazil
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki 305-0044 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo (USP) / São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC) Avenue Saint-Carlense Worker, 400 13560-970 São Carlos Brazil
| | - Izabela Osica
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki 305-0044 Tsukuba Japan
- Faculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of Technology (WUT) Woloska 141 02-507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki 305-0044 Tsukuba Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier Sciences / The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha 277-8561 Kashiwa Japan
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo (USP) / São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC) Avenue Saint-Carlense Worker, 400 13560-970 São Carlos Brazil
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Melo AFAA, Sedenho GC, Osica I, Ariga K, Crespilho FN. Front Cover: Electrochemical Behavior of Cytochrome C Immobilized in a Magnetically Induced Mesoporous Framework (ChemElectroChem 23/2019). ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. A. A. Melo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of Piauí 64000-040 Teresina, PI Brazil
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Izabela Osica
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
- Faculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of Technology Woloska 141 02-507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
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Melo AFAA, Sedenho GC, Osica I, Ariga K, Crespilho FN. Electrochemical Behavior of Cytochrome C Immobilized in a Magnetically Induced Mesoporous Framework. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. A. A. Melo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of Piauí 64000-040 Teresina, PI Brazil
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Izabela Osica
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
- Faculty of Materials Science and EngineeringWarsaw University of Technology Woloska 141 02-507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)NationalInstitute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC)University of São Paulo (USP) 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
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Pagnoncelli KC, Pereira AR, Sedenho GC, Bertaglia T, Crespilho FN. Ethanol generation, oxidation and energy production in a cooperative bioelectrochemical system. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 122:11-25. [PMID: 29510261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrating in situ biofuel production and energy conversion into a single system ensures the production of more robust networks as well as more renewable technologies. For this purpose, identifying and developing new biocatalysts is crucial. Herein, is reported a bioelectrochemical system consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein both function cooperatively for ethanol production and its bioelectrochemical oxidation. Here, it is shown that it is possible to produce ethanol and use it as a biofuel in a tandem manner. The strategy is to employ flexible carbon fibres (FCF) electrode that could adsorb both the enzyme and the yeast cells. Glucose is used as a substrate for the yeast for the production of ethanol, while the enzyme is used to catalyse the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Regarding the generation of reliable electricity based on electrochemical systems, the biosystem proposed in this study operates at a low temperature and ethanol production is proportional to the generated current. With further optimisation of electrode design, we envision the use of the cooperative biofuel cell for energy conversion and management of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila C Pagnoncelli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Andressa R Pereira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Graziela C Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bertaglia
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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